大
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
大 (radical 37, 大+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大 (K), four-corner 40030 or 40800, composition ⿻一人)
- Kangxi radical #37, ⼤.
Derived characters[edit]
- Index:Chinese radical/大
- 达, 庆 (Simplified from 達, 慶)
- 㐲, 𠯈, 𡉑, 𡚻, 㣕, 忕, 𢪂, 汏, 𭥏, 杕, 𣧂, 𬌚, 𭾚, 𮀋, 𬚓, 𮕨, 𮗹, 軑(轪), 釱, 馱(驮), 𬵃(𬶃), 㕦, 戻, 旲, 芖, 因
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 248, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5831
- Dae Jaweon: page 492, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 520, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5927
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
大 | |
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| alternative forms | 亣 𠘲 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 大 | ||||||||
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| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogram (指事): a person 人 with arms stretched out as far as possible, implying the meaning of big/great/large.
Compare with 尢, which is a man with bent legs.
Compare also 文, which is a man with arms outstretched and a crest or tattoo on his chest, and to 夭, which is a man with arms outstretched and leaning to side (running).
Etymology[edit]
Three pronunciations can be found in Modern Standard Mandarin:
- Modern dà, from Middle Chinese dɑH, from Old Chinese *lˤaːts. The phonological development from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese is irregular. Original sense: "big" (Shijing). Derived senses: "size" (Mozi), "thick" (Zhuangzi), "to respect" (Mengzi), "to respect" (Xunzi), "to extol" (Gongyang Zhuan), "to exaggerate" (Classic of Rites), "arrogant" (Guoyu), "good" (I Ching), "(of time) long" (Erya), "senior" (Shijing).
- Modern dài, from Middle Chinese dɑiH, from Old Chinese *lˤaːts. This Middle Chinese pronunciation-preserving (i.e. literary) pronunciation occurs only in compounds such as 大夫 (dàifu, “doctor”) and 大王 (dàiwang, “(in operas, old novels) king; ringleader”).
- Modern tài, from Middle Chinese tʰɑiH, from Old Chinese *l̥ˤaːts. This is the ancient form of 太 (tài, “too, excessively”) and this orthographical usage is obsolete in modern languages.
Pronunciation 2), the diphthong reading, is traditionally regarded as the correct one. However, the monophthong reading 1) has been recorded as early as Han Dynasty, and Sui-Tang rhyme books record both. Both readings are reflected in Sino-xenic readings in non-Sinitic languages, although the diphthong readings dominate in compounds. Axel Schüssler postulates that all pronunciations can eventually be traced back to liquid initials, i.e. 1,2) **laːts, 3) **hlaːts.
The three pronunciations are cognate. Within Chinese, they are cognate with 太 (OC *tʰaːds, “too, excessively”), 泰 (OC *tʰaːds, “big”), 誕 (OC *l'aːnʔ, “big, magniloquent, ridiculous”). There are no unambiguous Tibeto-Burman cognates. Proto-Tibeto-Burman *taj (“big”), from which came Written Tibetan མཐེ་བོ (mthe bo, “thumb”), Anong tʰɛ (“big; large; great”), Mikir tʰè, ketʰè ("id."), Burmese တယ် (tai, “very”), is often compared with. There is no final –s in the Tibeto-Burman words, but a –y, which, according to James Matisoff, "indicates emergent quality in stative verbs". Also compare Chinese 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl, “many, much”), 都 (OC *taː, “all”).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
大
- of great size; big; large; huge
- big; great
- great of its kind
- in an extreme manner; greatly
- main; major
- well-known; successful (only applied to some occupations)
- mature; grown up
- (Cantonese) to grow up
- (Cantonese) to be older than
- (dialectal) father
- (dialectal) father's elder or younger brother
- (Cantonese) small
- (Cantonese, slang) to intimidate; to threaten
- (Cantonese, euphemistic) number two
- Short for 大學／大学 (dàxué, “university”). Used only in the abbreviation of the name.
- 北大 ― Běidà ― Peking University
- 45th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "greatness" (𝌲)
- A surname.
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 大
Descendants[edit]
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
大
- Used in 大夫 (dàifu, “doctor”).
- Used in 大城 (Dàichéng, “Daicheng, Hebei”).
- Used in 大王 (dàiwáng, “(in operas, old novels) king; ringleader”).
Compounds[edit]
Pronunciation 3[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 大 – see 太 (“too; so; etc.”). (This character, 大, is an ancient form of 太.) |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 大 – see 泰 (“big; large; great; extensive; etc.”). (This character, 大, is an ancient form of 泰.) |
References[edit]
- “大”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00848
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
大
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: だ (da); だい (dai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: た (ta); たい (tai, Jōyō)
- Kun: おお (ō, 大, Jōyō)←おほ (ofo, historical); おおきい (ōkii, 大きい, Jōyō); おおいに (ōini, 大いに, Jōyō)←おほいに (ofoini, historical)
- Nanori: うふ (ufu); お (o); た (ta); たかし (takashi); とも (tomo); はじめ (hajime); ひろ (hiro); ひろし (hiroshi); ふとし (futoshi); まさ (masa); まさる (masaru); もと (moto); ゆたか (yutaka); わ (wa)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 大安 (taian, “lucky day”)
- 大意 (taii, “schema”)
- 大陰唇 (daiinshin, “labia majora”)
- 大家族 (daikazoku, “extended family”)
- 大河小説 (taiga shōsetsu, “saga novel”)
- 大火 (taika, “large fire”)
- 大会 (taikai, “convention; rally”)
- 大海 (taikai, “ocean”)
- 大学 (daigaku, “university”)
- 大寒 (daikan, “midwinter”)
- 大観 (taikan, “broad overview”)
- 大気 (taiki, “atmosphere”)
- 大規模 (daikibo, “large-scale”)
- 大儀 (taigi, “state ceremony”)
- 大義 (taigi, “justice”)
- 大逆 (taigyaku, “high treason”)
- 大挙 (taikyo, “in force”)
- 大虚 (taikyo, “Taikyo”)
- 大局 (taikyoku, “general situation”)
- 大群 (taigun, “large herd; large flock; large crowd”)
- 大軍 (taigun, “large army”)
- 大系 (taikei, “compendium”)
- 大言壮語 (taigensōgo, “boasting; bragging”)
- 大工 (daiku, “carpenter”)
- 大綱 (taikō, “fundamental principals; general outline”)
- 大黒天 (daikokuten, “god of wealth”)
- 大根 (daikon, “daikon”)
- 大佐 (taisa, “colonel; navy captain”)
- 大差 (taisa, “great difference”)
- 大罪 (daizai, “serious crime”)
- 大使 (taishi, “ambassador”)
- 大志 (taishi, “ambition”)
- 大事 (daiji, “important; serious”)
- 大樹 (taiju, “huge tree”)
- 大衆 (taishū, “general public”)
- 大暑 (taisho, “midsummer's day”)
- 大将 (taishō, “general; admiral”)
- 大小 (daishō, “various sizes; large and small; a pair of swords worn together”)
- 大丈夫 (daijōbu, “all right; okay; safe”)
- 大食 (taishoku, “gluttony”)
- 大臣 (daijin, “cabinet minister”)
- 大西洋 (taiseiyō, “Atlantic Ocean”)
- 大切 (taisetsu, “important; valuable”)
- 大戦 (taisen, “great battle; great war”)
- 大前庭腺 (daizenteisen, “Bartholin's gland”)
- 大胆 (daitan, “bold; daring”)
- 大動脈 (daidōmyaku, “aorta”)
- 大同小異 (daidōshōi, “with only minor differences”)
- 大統領 (daitōryō, “president”)
- 大脳 (dainō, “brain”)
- 大名 (daimyō, “feudal lord”)
- 大洋 (taiyō, “ocean”)
- 大理石 (dairiseki, “marble”)
- 大陸 (tairiku, “continent”)
- 大量 (tairyō, “a large amount”)
- 大人 (otona, “adult”)
- 大邱 (Tegu, “Daegu”)
- 大和 (Yamato, “Yamato”)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 大 |
| だい Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 大 (MC dɑiH).
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
- big, large
- 大ピンチ
- dai-pinchi
- tremendous crisis
- 大ヒットする
- dai-hitto suru
- to become a smash hit
- 大ピンチ
- the large part of
- Abbreviation of 大学 (daigaku, “university”)
- 東大 ― Tōdai ― Tokyo Univ.
- 阪大 ― Handai ― Osaka Univ.
- 北大 ― Hokudai ― Hokkaido Univ.
- 北陸大 ― Hokurikudai ― Hokuriku Univ.
- (religion) arch-
Usage notes[edit]
This is often the first half two-character shorthand name of universities, for example 東大 (Tokyo University, “Tōdai”). Reading of first character often changes to kun'yomi to on'yomi.
Derived terms[edit]
- 大主教 (daishukyō, “archbishop”)
- 大天使 (daitenshi, “archangel”)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 大 |
| おお Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/opo/ → /ofo/ → /owo/ → /oː/
From Old Japanese 大 (opo), from Proto-Japonic *əpə.
Prefix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 大きい (ōkī, “big, large, broad, immense”)
- 大きな (ōkina, “big, large”)
- 多く (ōku, “mostly, a lot, majority”)
- 大字 (ōaza, “larger section of a village”)
- 大穴 (ōana, “large hole, deficit”)
- 大-海原 (ō-unabara)
- 大海 (ōumi, “ocean; fabric pattern”)
- 大火事 (ō-kaji, “big fire”)
- 大河 (ōkawa, “river”)
- 大君 (ōkimi, “emperor; king”)
- 大口 (ōguchi, “large amount; big mouth; big talk”)
- 大喧嘩 (ō-genka, “big fight”)
- 大阪 (Ōsaka)
- 大騒ぎ (ō-sawagi)
- 大潮 (ōshio, “spring or flood tide”)
- 大地震 (ō-jishin, “huge earthquake”)
- 大関 (ōzeki, “second highest sumo rank”)
- 大掃除 (ō-sōji, “through cleanups”)
- 大騒動 (ō-sōdō, “huge mess”)
- 大道具 (ō-dōgu, “stage settings”)
- 大幅 (ōhaba, “full-width; drastic”)
- 大判 (ōban, “big size”)
- 大様 (ōyō, “large-hearted; generous”)
- 大業 (ōwaza, “great feat”)
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 大 (MC dɑiH).
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese 大 / 太 (MC tʰɑiH).
Hanja[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
大
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *opo, from Proto-Japonic *əpə.
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
大: Hán Việt readings: đại (
大: Nôm readings: đại[1][2][3][4], đài[1][2], dãy[3][5], dảy[3], đẫy[3]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading た
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading たい
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たかし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とも
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はじめ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ふとし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まさ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まさる
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