急

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *krɯb): phonetic 及 ‎(OC *ɡrɯb) + semantic 心 ‎(“heart”)

Han character

急 (radical 61 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓一心 (NMP) or 弓尸心 (NSP), four-corner 2733₇, composition ⿱刍心)

1. quick, quickly
2. urgent, pressing

References

• KangXi: page 381, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10475
• Dae Jaweon: page 710, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2281, character 8
• Unihan data for U+6025

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		急

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jí (ji²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gap¹
• Min Nan (POJ): kip

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
    • Wade-Giles: chih²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gap¹
    • Yale: gāp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gap⁷
    • IPA ^(key): /kɐp̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kip
    • Tâi-lô: kip
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kib
    • IPA (Taipei): /kip̚³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kip̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠiɪp̚/▼

Rime
Character	急
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	緝 (142)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	居立切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjip̚/
Li Rong	/kjəp̚/
Wang Li	/kĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[k](r)əp/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯb/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	急
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ kip ›
Old Chinese	/*[k](r)əp/
English	urgent
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	急
Reading #	1/1
No.	5658
Phonetic component	及
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	急
Old Chinese	/*krɯb/

Adjective

急

1. to feel a pressing need to hurry; to hurry

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #4916”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

急

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: こう (kō)
• Kan’on: きゅう (kyū)
• Kun: いそ-ぐ (isogu), いそぎ (isogi), いそ-がしい, いそが-しい (isogashii), いそ-めく (isomeku), せ-く (seku), せき (seki)

Adjectival noun

急 ‎(-na inflection, hiragana きゅう, romaji kyū)

1. sudden
2. immediate, rapid

Inflection

Inflection of "急な"

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	急だろ	きゅうだろ	kyū daro
Continuative (連用形)	急で	きゅうで	kyū de
Terminal (終止形)	急だ	きゅうだ	kyū da
Attributive (連体形)	急な	きゅうな	kyū na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	急なら	きゅうなら	kyū nara
Imperative (命令形)	急であれ	きゅうであれ	kyū de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	急ではない 急じゃない	きゅうではない きゅうじゃない	kyū de wa nai kyū ja nai
Informal past	急だった	きゅうだった	kyū datta
Informal negative past	急ではなかった 急じゃなかった	きゅうではなかった きゅうじゃなかった	kyū de wa nakatta kyū ja nakatta
Formal	急です	きゅうです	kyū desu
Formal negative	急ではありません 急じゃありません	きゅうではありません きゅうじゃありません	kyū de wa arimasen kyū ja arimasen
Formal past	急でした	きゅうでした	kyū deshita
Formal negative past	急ではありませんでした 急じゃありませんでした	きゅうではありませんでした きゅうじゃありませんでした	kyū de wa arimasen deshita kyū ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	急で	きゅうで	kyū de
Conditional	急なら（ば）	きゅうなら（ば）	kyū nara(ba)
Provisional	急だったら	きゅうだったら	kyū dattara
Volitional	急だろう	きゅうだろう	kyū darō
Adverbial	急に	きゅうに	kyū ni
Degree	急さ	きゅうさ	kyūsa

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Korean

Hanja

急 • ‎(geup) (hangeul 급, revised geup, McCune-Reischauer kŭp, Yale kup)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

急 (cấp, gấp, kép, kíp, quắp)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.