緩

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See also: 缓
緩 U+7DE9, 緩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DE9
← 編
[U+7DE8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 緪 →
[U+7DEA]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

緩 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 女火月一水 (VFBME), four-corner 22947, composition ⿰糹爰)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 931, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27669
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1369, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3429, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+7DE9

Chinese[edit]

trad. 緩
simp. 缓
alternative forms 𦅻
𦇻

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (爰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
暖 *noːnʔ
煖 *noːnʔ, *qʰʷan
喛 *qʰʷaːns, *qʰʷan
緩 *ɢʷaːnʔ
鰀 *ɢʷaːnʔ
嵈 *ɢʷaːnʔ
鍰 *ɢʷraːn
湲 *ɢʷan
媛 *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan
瑗 *ɢʷans
援 *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan
褑 *ɢʷans
諼 *qʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ
愋 *qʰʷan
楥 *qʰʷans
爰 *ɢʷan
鶢 *ɢʷan
蝯 *ɢʷan
猨 *ɢʷan

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷaːnʔ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 爰 (OC *ɢʷan).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hoǎn/hoān - literary;
  • oǎn/oān - vernacular.
Note:
  • huêng2/huang2 - literary (huêng2 - Chaozhou);
  • mang7 - semantic (訓讀) (original character is 慢).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 緩
    Mandarin Beijing /xuan²¹⁴/
    Harbin /xuan²¹³/
    Tianjin /xuan¹³/
    Jinan /xuã⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /xuã⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /xuan⁵³/
    Xi'an /xuã⁵³/
    Xining /xuã⁵³/
    Yinchuan /xuan⁵³/
    Lanzhou /xuɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /xuan⁵¹/
    Wuhan /xuan⁴²/
    Chengdu /xuan⁵³/
    Guiyang /xuan⁴²/
    Kunming /xuã̠⁵³/
    Nanjing /xuaŋ²¹²/
    Hefei /xʊ̃²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /xuæ̃⁵³/
    Pingyao /xuɑŋ⁵³/
    Hohhot /xuæ̃⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /uø³⁵/
    Suzhou /uø⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /ʔuõ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /jy³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /xuɛ³⁵/
    Tunxi /xuːə³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /xõ⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /ɦɔn⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /fɵn²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /fan¹¹/
    Taoyuan /fon⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /wun²¹/
    Nanning /wun³⁵/
    Hong Kong /wun²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /huan²²/
    /uan²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huɑŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xuiŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /maŋ³¹/ 訓讀
    Haikou (Min Nan) /nuaŋ³¹/
    Rime
    Character 緩
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 桓 (62)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 胡管切
    Baxter hwanX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦuɑnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷɑnX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣuɑnX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦwanX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣuɑnX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣuɑnX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣuɑnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		wun6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 緩
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huǎn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwanX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɢ]ʷˁa[n]ʔ/
    English slack; slow

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 緩
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16160
    Phonetic
    component         		爰
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		緩
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢʷaːnʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    緩

    1. loose; slack
    2. relaxed; not tense
    3. slow; leisurely; unhurried
    4. to postpone; to delay; to have a pause
    5. to recuperate; to revive
    6. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Antonyms[edit]

    • (slow): 急 (jí)
    • (to postpone):

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 緩
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    緩󠄁
    緩+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    緩󠄃
    緩+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    緩

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. loose
    2. slow
    3. loosen, relax
    4. slacken, slow down

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    緩
    かん
    Grade: S
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 緩 (MC hwanX).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Adjective[edit]

    緩(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?-na (adnominal 緩(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 緩(かん)に (kan ni))

    1. slow; sluggish

    Inflection[edit]

    Inflection of 緩
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 緩だろ かんだろ kan daro
    Continuative (連用形) 緩で かんで kan de
    Terminal (終止形) 緩だ かんだ kan da
    Attributive (連体形) 緩な かんな kan na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 緩なら かんなら kan nara
    Imperative (命令形) 緩であれ かんであれ kan de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 緩ではない
    緩じゃない         		かんではない
    かんじゃない         		kan de wa nai
    kan ja nai
    Informal past 緩だった かんだった kan datta
    Informal negative past 緩ではなかった
    緩じゃなかった         		かんではなかった
    かんじゃなかった         		kan de wa nakatta
    kan ja nakatta
    Formal 緩です かんです kan desu
    Formal negative 緩ではありません
    緩じゃありません         		かんではありません
    かんじゃありません         		kan de wa arimasen
    kan ja arimasen
    Formal past 緩でした かんでした kan deshita
    Formal negative past 緩ではありませんでした
    緩じゃありませんでした         		かんではありませんでした
    かんじゃありませんでした         		kan de wa arimasen deshita
    kan ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 緩で かんで kan de
    Conditional 緩なら（ば） かんなら（ば） kan nara (ba)
    Provisional 緩だったら かんだったら kan dattara
    Volitional 緩だろう かんだろう kan darō
    Adverbial 緩に かんに kan ni
    Degree 緩さ かんさ kansa

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1674 (paper), page 889 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    緩 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)

    1. slow, leisurely
    2. to postpone
    3. delay

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    緩: Hán Nôm readings: hoãn, hoán

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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