慢

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慢 U+6162, 慢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6162
← 慡
[U+6161] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 慣 →
[U+6163]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
14 strokes

Han character[edit]

慢 (radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心日田水 (PAWE), four-corner 96047, composition ⿰忄曼)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 399, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11110
  • Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2346, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6162

Chinese[edit]

trad. 慢
simp. # 慢
alternative forms ⿰忄万 second round simplified

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (曼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
獌 *mroːn, *moːns, *mons
鬘 *mroːn
謾 *mroːn, *mroːns, *mon, *moːn, *moːns
慢 *mroːns
嫚 *mroːns
縵 *mroːns, *moːns
曼 *moːn, *mons
饅 *moːn
蔓 *moːn, *mons
鰻 *moːn, *mons
墁 *moːn, *moːns
鏝 *moːn, *moːns
槾 *moːn
漫 *moːns
幔 *moːns
蟃 *mons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mroːns): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a character trait or behavior (of the heart), sluggish. Note that 曼 also means “long, extended”, so connotations of “take a long time, leisurely, sluggish”.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • mâing - vernacular;
  • mâng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • mang7 - "slow";
    • bhuang6/bhuêng6/muang6 - "cold, arrogant" (in 傲慢);
    • bhuang6 - Shantou, Chenghai;
    • bhuêng6 - Chaozhou;
    • muang6 - Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Note:
    • man5 - vernacular;
    • man4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 慢
    Mandarin Beijing /man⁵¹/
    Harbin /man⁵³/
    Tianjin /man⁵³/
    Jinan /mã²¹/
    Qingdao /mã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /man³¹²/
    Xi'an /mã⁴⁴/
    Xining /mã²¹³/
    Yinchuan /man¹³/
    Lanzhou /mɛ̃n¹³/
    Ürümqi /man²¹³/
    Wuhan /man³⁵/
    Chengdu /man¹³/
    Guiyang /man²¹³/
    Kunming /mã̠²¹²/
    Nanjing /maŋ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /mæ̃⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /mæ̃⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /mɑŋ³⁵/
    Hohhot /mæ̃⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /me²³/
    Suzhou /me̞³¹/
    Hangzhou /mẽ̞¹³/
    Wenzhou /ma²²/
    Hui Shexian /mɛ²²/
    Tunxi /muːə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /man⁵⁵/
    /man¹¹/
    Xiangtan /man²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /man²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /man⁵³/
    Taoyuan /mɑn⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /man²²/
    Nanning /man²²/
    Hong Kong /man²²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ban²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /maiŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /maiŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /maŋ³¹/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /maŋ²³/
    Rime
    Character 慢
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 刪 (69)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 謨晏切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mˠanH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mᵚanH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/mɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/maɨnH/
    Li
    Rong         		/manH/
    Wang
    Li         		/manH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/manH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		màn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		maan6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 慢
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		màn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mænH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mˁra[n]-s/
    English disrespectful

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 慢
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8735
    Phonetic
    component         		曼
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		慢
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mroːns/

    Definitions[edit]

    慢 "slow" painted on the road in Taiwan

    慢

    1. slow; sluggish
    2. slowly; leisurely

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 慢 (“slow”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 慢, 緩慢
    Mandarin Beijing 慢
    Taiwan 慢
    Jinan 慢
    Xi'an 慢
    Wuhan 慢
    Chengdu 慢
    Yangzhou 慢
    Hefei 慢
    Malaysia 慢
    Singapore 慢
    Cantonese Guangzhou 慢, 嚤
    Hong Kong 慢, 嚤
    Yangjiang 慢
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 慢
    Singapore (Guangfu) 慢
    Gan Nanchang 慢
    Hakka Meixian 慢
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 慢
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 慢
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 慢
    Dongshi (Dabu) 慢
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 慢
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 慢
    Jin Taiyuan 慢
    Min Bei Jian'ou 慢
    Min Dong Fuzhou 慢
    Min Nan Xiamen 慢
    Quanzhou 慢
    Zhangzhou 慢
    Taipei 慢
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 慢
    Kaohsiung 慢
    Yilan 慢
    Changhua (Lukang) 慢
    Taichung 慢
    Tainan 慢
    Hsinchu 慢
    Kinmen 慢
    Penghu (Magong) 慢
    Penang (Hokkien) 慢
    Singapore (Hokkien) 慢
    Manila (Hokkien) 慢
    Chaozhou 慢
    Shantou 慢
    Singapore (Teochew) 慢
    Wenchang 慢
    Singapore (Hainanese) 慢
    Wu Suzhou 慢
    Wenzhou 慢
    Xiang Changsha 慢
    Shuangfeng 慢

    Antonyms[edit]

    • (slow): 快 (kuài)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 慢

    Further reading[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    慢

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. (おそい) slow
    2. (おこたる) negligent
    3. (あなどる、おごる) arrogant

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    慢 (eumhun 거만할 만 (geomanhal man))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    慢: Hán Nôm readings: mạn, mắn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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