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暗

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 晻 and 闇
暗 U+6697, 暗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6697
← 暖
[U+6696] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 暘 →
[U+6698]

Translingual

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Stroke order
13 strokes

Han character

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暗 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+9, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 日卜廿日 (AYTA), four-corner 60061, composition ⿰日音)

  1. dark
  2. obscure
  3. in secret, covert

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 498, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14065
  • Dae Jaweon: page 866, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1526, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6697

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 暗
alternative forms 闇
晻
隌
𣈇
𣆛

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 暗
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (音) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
諳 *qɯːm
腤 *qɯːm
嬜 *qɯːm, *qʰaːm, *qʰrɯm
喑 *qɯːm, *qrɯm, *qrɯms
揞 *qɯːmʔ, *qrɯːms
隌 *qɯːmʔ, *qrɯm
罯 *qɯːmʔ, *qɯːb
暗 *qɯːms
闇 *qɯːms
黯 *qrɯːm, *qrɯːmʔ
歆 *qʰrɯm
愔 *qɯm
韾 *qɯm
音 *qrɯm
瘖 *qrɯm
窨 *qrɯms
湆 *kʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯːms): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 音 (OC *qrɯm).

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Compare 陰”)

Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • am3 - Chaozhou;
  • ang3 - Chenghai.
Rime
Character 暗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 覃 (159)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏紺切
Baxter 'omH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔʌmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔəmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔɒmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔəmH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔᴀmH/
Wang
Li 		/ɒmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔămH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		àn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		am3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 暗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		àn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔomH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qˁum-s/
English dark

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 暗
Reading # 1/1
No. 15213
Phonetic
component 		音
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		暗
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯːms/

Definitions

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暗

  1. dark (without light); dim
    Antonym: 明 (míng)
    天色暗了  ―  tiānsè àn le  ―  The sky darkened.
    屋子裡很暗。／屋子里很暗。  ―  Wūzi lǐ hěn àn.  ―  It is very dark in the room.
  2. dull; not bright
    暗紅／暗红  ―  àn hóng  ―  dull red
  3. secret; covert
    暗號／暗号  ―  ànhào  ―  secret signal
  4. confused; ignorant
    兼聽則明，偏信則暗 [MSC, trad.]
    兼听则明，偏信则暗 [MSC, simp.]
    jiāntīng zé míng, piānxìn zé àn [Pinyin]
    Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened, heed only one side and you will be benighted.
  5. (Southern Min) late
  6. (Hokkien) evening; night
    今仔暗 [Hokkien]  ―  kin-á-àm [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  tonight; this evening
    明仔暗 [Hokkien]  ―  bîn-á-àm [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  tomorrow night
    昨暗 [Hokkien]  ―  cha-àm [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  last night
    食暗 [Hokkien]  ―  chia̍h-àm [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to eat at night; to eat dinner
    逐暗 [Hokkien]  ―  ta̍k-àm [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  each night; every evening
  7. (Hokkien) Classifier for number of nights.
    咱欲過蹛一暗。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    咱欲过𰸚一暗。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Lán beh kè tòa chi̍t àm. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    We will spend time to stay for one night.
  8. (Hokkien) to covertly embezzle; to secretly misappropriate (money, things, etc.)
  9. (Hokkien) to cover up; to conceal; to not let other people know
  10. (Cantonese) to lull
    媽媽唱歌暗BB瞓。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    妈妈唱歌暗BB𰥛。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    maa1-4 maa1 coeng3 go1 am3 bi4 bi1 fan3. [Jyutping]
    The mother sings to lull the baby to sleep.

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 晚 (“late (in time)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 遲, 晚
Beijing Mandarin Beijing 晚
Taiwan 晚, 遲
Singapore 晚, 遲
Northeastern Mandarin Harbin 晚
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 晚
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 晚
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 晚
Xi'an 晚, 遲
Xuzhou 晚, 遲
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 晏, 晚
Wuhan 晏, 遲
Guiyang 晏
Liuzhou 晏
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 晚, 遲
Hefei 晚, 遲
Cantonese Guangzhou 晏, 遲
Hong Kong 晏, 遲
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 晏
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 晏, 遲
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 遲
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 遲
Macau 遲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 晏, 遲
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 遲
Guangzhou (Conghua) 晏
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 晏, 遲
Foshan 晏, 遲
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 晏
Foshan (Shunde) 遲
Foshan (Sanshui) 遲
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 遲
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 遲
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 遲
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 遲
Zhuhai (Doumen) 晏, 遲
Jiangmen (Baisha) 遲
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 遲
Taishan 晏, 遲
Kaiping (Chikan) 晏, 遲
Enping (Niujiang) 晏, 遲
Heshan (Yayao) 遲水
Dongguan 晏, 遲
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 晏
Yangjiang 晏, 遲
Yangjiang (Yangdong) 晏
Yangdong (Yashao) 晏, 遲
Yangchun 晏, 遲
Yangxi 晏, 遲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 遲
Singapore (Guangfu) 晏, 遲
Gan Nanchang 晏
Pingxiang 晏
Hakka Meixian 遲
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 晏
Dongguan (Qingxi) 遲
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 遲
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 晏
Heyuan (Bendihua) 遲, 晏
Wengyuan 晝
Liannan 遲
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 晏
Jiexi 慢
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 慢
Changting 晏
Wuping 遲
Wuping (Yanqian) 夜
Ninghua 遲
Yudu 晏
Ningdu 遲
Tonggu (Sandu) 晏
Ganzhou (Panlong) 晏
Dayu 晏
Hong Kong 遲
Yangxi (Tangkou) 遲
Yangchun (Sanjia) 遲
Xinyi (Sihe) 遲
Xinyi (Qianpai) 遲
Gaozhou (Xindong) 遲
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 遲
Huazhou (Xin'an) 遲
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 遲
Lianjiang (Qingping) 遲
Mengshan (Xihe) 遲
Luchuan 遲
Senai (Huiyang) 遲
Huizhou Jixi 晏
Jin Taiyuan 遲, 晚
Northern Min Jian'ou 晏
Songxi 晏
Zhenghe 慢
Jianyang 晏
Wuyishan 晏
Eastern Min Fuzhou 遲, 晏
Fuzhou (Changle) 遲
Lianjiang 遲, 晏
Fuqing 遲, 晏
Pingtan 晏
Yongtai 遲, 晏
Minqing 遲
Gutian 慢
Pingnan 慢
Luoyuan 晏
Fu'an 晏
Ningde 晏
Xiapu 晏
Zherong 晏
Shouning 晏
Zhouning 遲
Fuding 晏
Southern Min Xiamen 晏, 暗
Xiamen (Tong'an) 晏
Quanzhou 晏, 暗
Jinjiang 晏
Nan'an 晏
Shishi 晏
Hui'an 晏
Anxi 晏
Yongchun 晏
Dehua 晏
Zhangzhou 晏, 暗
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 晏
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 晏
Hua'an 晏
Nanjing 晏
Pinghe 晏
Zhangpu 晏
Yunxiao 晏
Zhao'an 晏
Dongshan 晏
Taipei 晏 GT, 暗 GT
Kinmen 晏
Singapore (Hokkien) 暗, 晏
Manila (Hokkien) 晏, 暗
Longyan 遲
Zhangping 晏
Datian 晏
Chaozhou 晏, 慢
Shantou 晏, 慢
Jieyang 晏, 慢
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 晏
Singapore (Teochew) 晏
Leizhou 晏
Wenchang 晏
Haikou 晏
Singapore (Hainanese) 晏, 暗
Puxian Min Putian 晏
Xianyou 晏
Central Min Yong'an 慢
Sanming (Sanyuan) 慢
Sanming (Shaxian) 晏
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 晏, 遲
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 晏
Wu Shanghai 晏
Shanghai (Yangpu) 晏
Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) 晏
Shanghai (Songjiang) 晏
Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) 晏
Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) 晏
Shanghai (Huinan, Pudong) 晏
Shanghai (Fengxian) 晏
Shanghai (Jinshan) 晏
Shanghai (Qingpu) 晏
Shanghai (Jiading) 晏
Shanghai (Yuepu, Baoshan) 晏
Shanghai (Chongming) 晏
Suzhou 晏
Danyang 晚
Hangzhou 晏, 遲
Ningbo 晏
Wenzhou 遲
Xiang Changsha 晏, 遲
Loudi 晏
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 夜 (“night (counting)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 夜, 夕
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 夜, 晚
Beijing Mandarin Beijing 宿兒
Taiwan 晚
Singapore 晚
Cantonese Guangzhou 晚
Hong Kong 晚
Singapore (Guangfu) 晚
Southern Min Xiamen 暝, 暗
Quanzhou 暝, 暗
Shishi 暗暝
Zhangzhou 暝, 暗
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 暝
Taipei 暝 GT, 暗 GT
Singapore (Hokkien) 暝
Manila (Hokkien) 暗
Shantou 暝
Singapore (Teochew) 暝
Wenchang 暝
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 暗
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
暗󠄁
暗+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
暗󠄃
暗+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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暗

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. darkness

Readings

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See also

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Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    暗
    あん
    Grade: 3
    kan'on

    From Middle Chinese 暗 (MC 'omH).

    The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    暗(あん) • (an) 

    1. darkness

    Affix

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    暗(あん) • (an) 

    1. dark
    2. blackish
    3. foolish
    4. secret, covert
    5. to memorize, to recite from memory
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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      Kanji in this term
      暗
      くれ
      Grade: 3
      kun'yomi
      Alternative spelling
      闇 (uncommon)

      Nominalization of the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 暮(く)れる (kureru, “to darken, to become dark”, intransitive).[4][3] Attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.[4]

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      暗(くれ) • (kure) 

      1. [from 759] darkness
      2. [from 759] a dark place
      3. [from early 1300s] (by extension) public disorder, strife, confusion
        Synonym: 混乱 (konran, “confusion”)

      Etymology 3

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        Kanji in this term
        暗
        くら
        Grade: 3
        kun'yomi

        Stem of the adjective 暗(くら)い (kurai, “dark”). Not used in isolation; attested in compounds since the late 900s, when it appeared in the Ochikubo Monogatari.[4]

        Pronunciation

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        Affix

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        暗(くら) • (kura) 

        1. [from late 900s] darkness, the dark (generally referring to emotional contexts as opposed to visual)

        References

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        1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1071 (paper), page 586 (digital)
        2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 647 (paper), page 336 (digital)
        3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
        4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 “暗”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

        Korean

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        Hanja

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        暗 (eumhun 어두울 암 (eoduul am))

        1. hanja form? of 암 (“darkness”)

        Compounds

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        Vietnamese

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        Han character

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        暗: Hán Nôm readings: ám

        1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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