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U+9670, 陰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9670

[U+966F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9671]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 170, +8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人戈戈 (NLOII), four-corner 78231, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1353, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41691
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1855, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4138, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9670

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

According to Shuowen, a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *qrɯm) : semantic + phonetic ().

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r(u/i)m (dark; shade; dusk; twilight); compare Tibetan རུམ (rum, darkness), Jingpho rim (to be dusk) (Benedict, 1972; Bodman, 1980; STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) compares it instead to Burmese အုံ့ (um., to become overcast), Adi mugyum (shade; shadow), Lepcha ᰠᰨᰌᰤᰪᰮ (so-dyŭm, shade).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • im - literary;
  • iam - vernacular (limited, e.g. 半陰陽).

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter 'im
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔjim/
Li
Rong
/ʔjəm/
Wang
Li
/ĭĕm/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jam1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yīn
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔim ›
Old
Chinese
/*q(r)um/
English dark

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6623
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qrɯm/

Definitions

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  1. cloudy; overcast; gloomy
      ―  yīn'àn  ―  dark; gloomy
      ―  Tiān yīn le.  ―  The sky is overcast.
      ―  yīn zhuǎn qíng  ―  cloudy to fine
  2. hidden; secret
    陽奉阳奉  ―  yángfèngyīnwéi  ―  to overtly agree but covertly oppose; to comply in public but oppose in private
  3. negative
      ―  yīn  ―  cathode
    離子离子  ―  yīnlízǐ  ―  anion; negative ion
  4. the Moon
      ―  tàiyīn  ―  moon
      ―  yīn  ―  lunar calendar
  5. shade; shadow
      ―  shùyīn  ―  shade of a tree
      ―  bèiyīn  ―  to be in the shade
  6. north of a mountain or south of a river
      ―  shānyīn  ―  northern side of a mountain
      ―  Jiāngyīn  ―  Jiangyin (a county situated on the south side of the Yangtze River)
  7. back side
      ―  bēiyīn  ―  posterior of a stele
  8. of the nether world; of ghosts
      ―  yīnjiān  ―  afterworld; netherworld
    相隔相隔  ―  yīnyáng xiànggé  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  9. (philosophy) "female" principle; yin in yin-yang
  10. in intaglio
      ―  yīnwén  ―  intagliated characters or designs
  11. treacherous; deceitful; cheating
      ―  yīnxiǎn  ―  treacherous
    玩兒 [MSC, trad.]
    玩儿 [MSC, simp.]
    Hǎo wa, nǐ gǎn gēn wǒ wánr yīn de! [Pinyin]
    Fine, you dare play dirty with me!
  12. (dialectal) to deceive; to trick; to trap
    今兒個 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
    今儿个 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
    Wǒ jīnrge ràng rén gěi yīn le. [Pinyin]
    Today I have been tricked by someone.
  13. (Chinese phonetics, of a syllable) open; not having a consonant coda
  14. (Cantonese) bangs; fringe
    alt. forms: 𩬎
  15. genitalia (of humans)
      ―  yīndào  ―  vagina
      ―  wàiyīn  ―  vulva
  16. a surname

Antonyms

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See also

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The tones (of Chinese) in Mandarin · 聲調声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
平仄 (píngzè) (píng)
平聲平声 (píngshēng)
()
仄聲仄声 (zèshēng)
平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù)
四聲四声 (sìshēng)
(píng)
平聲平声 (píngshēng)
(shǎng)
上聲上声 (shǎngshēng)
()
去聲去声 (qùshēng)
()
入聲入声 (rùshēng)
標調方法标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
標調法标调法
四角標調法四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜂◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜆
[Term?] ◌〪 ◌〫 ◌〬 ◌〭
傍點傍点 ◌〮 ◌〯
四聲八調四声八调 陰平阴平 (yīnpíng) 陽平阳平 (yángpíng) 陰上阴上 (yīnshǎng) 陽上阳上 (yángshǎng) 陰去阴去 (yīnqù) 陽去阳去 (yángqù) 陰入阴入 (yīnrù) 陽入阳入 (yángrù)
(yīn) (yáng)
標調方法标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
標調法标调法
四角標調法四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜁◌ ꜂◌ ꜃◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜅ ◌꜆ ◌꜇
The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Mandarin · 聲調声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
四聲四声 (sìshēng) 陰平阴平 (yīnpíng)
一聲一声
陽平阳平 (yángpíng)
二聲二声 (èrshēng)
上聲上声 (shǎngshēng)
三聲三声 (sānshēng)
去聲去声 (qùshēng)
四聲四声 (sìshēng)
輕聲轻声 (qīngshēng)

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • Proto-Tai: *rɤmᴮ (shade)
    • Thai: ร่ม (rôm, shade, umbrella, parachute)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. shade
  2. dark, gloomy
  3. hidden, invisible
  4. negative, yin (in contrast to yang)

Readings

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Compounds

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Synonyms

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
かげ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(かげ) (kage

  1. shadow, shade
    ()(かげ)
    ki no kage
    a shadow of a tree
  2. hidden side
    (かげ)(うご)(まわ)
    kage de ugoki mawaru
    maneuver in a hidden side
    (かげ)()(はい)(しゃ)
    kage no shihaisha
    a hidden ruler
Antonyms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
いん
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Middle Chinese (ʔˠiɪm).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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(いん) (in

  1. shade; shadow
  2. shadow of the sun; (figuratively) time
  3. hidden; invisible; secret
  4. genitalia
  5. negative; “female”; quiescent; minus
  6. (philosophy) yin
  7. north side of mountain; south side of water
  8. the moon

Noun

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(いん) (in

  1. (philosophy) yin
  2. (literary) shady area; (陰に) in the shade; secretly; in private

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
ほと
Grade: S
kun'yomi

/hoto2/: *[potə] → [ɸoto] → [hoto]. As indicated in the Wamyōshō citation, /to2/ may be related to (/to1/, place, location), but the phonological difference can not be explained. Perhaps related to Korean 보지 (boji, vagina).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ほと) (hoto

  1. female genitalia
    • 712, Kojiki
      因生此子、美蕃登此三字以音。見灸而病臥在。
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • 712, Kojiki
      逆剥天斑馬剥而、所墮入時、天服織女見驚而、於梭衝陰上而死。訓陰上云富登
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. (by extension) male genitalia
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎
Synonyms
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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese (MC 'im).

Recorded as Middle Korean /ᅙᅳᆷ (Yale: qum) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean / (um) (Yale: um) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 그늘 (geuneul eum))

  1. hanja form? of (dark; shady)
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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Related to Middle Chinese (MC 'omH, “dark; gloomy”).

Hanja

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(eumhun 침묵할 (chimmukhal am))

  1. (archaic) hanja form? of (to be silent)
Synonyms
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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese (hoto).

Noun

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(ほー) (

  1. female genitalia

References

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: âm, ơm

  1. chữ Hán form of âm (yin).

Compounds

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