陰

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See also: 阴, 隂, and 侌
陰 U+9670, 陰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9670
← 陯
[U+966F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 陱 →
[U+9671]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

陰 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人戈戈 (NLOII), four-corner 78231, composition ⿰阝侌)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1353, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41691
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1855, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4138, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9670

Chinese[edit]

trad. 陰
simp. 阴
alternative forms
 
侌
𠊺
𣍤
𤽎
阥
侌
𠊺
𣍤
𤽎
阥
𨹉
隂
𨻔
𨼖
𨽙
𨽭
𨹩
𩃬
𣱙
𢉩
𠆭

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

According to Shuowen, a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qrɯm): semantic 阜 + phonetic 侌 ().

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r(u/i)m (“dark; shade; dusk; twilight”); compare Tibetan རུམ (rum, “darkness”), Jingpho rim (“to be dusk”) (Benedict, 1972; Bodman, 1980; STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) compares it instead to Burmese အုံ့ (um., “to become overcast”), Adi mugyum (“shade; shadow”), Lepcha [script needed] (so-dyŭm, “shade”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • im - literary;
  • iam - vernacular (limited, e.g. 半陰陽).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 陰
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 侵 (140)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 於金切
    Baxter 'im
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔˠiɪm/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔᵚim/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔiem/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔjim/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔjəm/
    Wang
    Li         		/ĭĕm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔi̯əm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yīn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jam1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 陰
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yīn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ʔim ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*q(r)um/
    English dark

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 陰
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6623
    Phonetic
    component         		今
    Rime
    group         		侵
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		音
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qrɯm/

    Definitions[edit]

    陰

    1. cloudy; overcast; gloomy
      陰暗／阴暗  ―  yīn'àn  ―  dark; gloomy
      天陰了。／天阴了。  ―  Tiān yīn le.  ―  The sky is overcast.
      陰轉晴／阴转晴  ―  yīn zhuǎn qíng  ―  cloudy to fine
    2. hidden; secret
      陽奉陰違／阳奉阴违  ―  yángfèngyīnwéi  ―  to overtly agree but covertly oppose; to comply in public but oppose in private
    3. negative
      陰極／阴极  ―  yīnjí  ―  cathode
      陰離子／阴离子  ―  yīnlízǐ  ―  anion; negative ion
    4. the Moon
      太陰／太阴  ―  tàiyīn  ―  moon
      陰曆／阴历  ―  yīnlì  ―  lunar calendar
    5. shade; shadow
      樹陰／树阴  ―  shùyīn  ―  shade of a tree
      背陰／背阴  ―  bèiyīn  ―  to be in the shade
    6. north of a mountain or south of a river
      山陰／山阴  ―  shānyīn  ―  northern side of a mountain
      江陰／江阴  ―  Jiāngyīn  ―  Jiangyin (a county situated on the south side of the Yangtze River)
    7. back side
      碑陰／碑阴  ―  bēiyīn  ―  posterior of a stele
    8. of the nether world; of ghosts
      陰間／阴间  ―  yīnjiān  ―  afterworld; netherworld
      陰陽相隔／阴阳相隔  ―  yīnyáng xiànggé  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
    9. (philosophy) "female" principle; yin in yin-yang
    10. in intaglio
      陰文／阴文  ―  yīnwén  ―  intagliated characters or designs
    11. treacherous; deceitful; cheating
      陰險／阴险  ―  yīnxiǎn  ―  treacherous
      好哇，你敢跟我玩兒陰的！ [MSC, trad.]
      好哇，你敢跟我玩儿阴的！ [MSC, simp.]
      Hǎo wa, nǐ gǎn gēn wǒ wánr yīn de! [Pinyin]
      Fine, you dare play dirty with me!
    12. (dialectal) to deceive; to trick; to trap
      我今兒個讓人給陰了。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      我今儿个让人给阴了。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Wǒ jīnrge ràng rén gěi yīn le. [Pinyin]
      Today I have been tricked by someone.
    13. (Chinese phonetics, of a syllable) open; not having a consonant coda
    14. (Cantonese) bangs; fringe
      alt. forms: 𩬎
    15. genitalia (of humans)
      陰道／阴道  ―  yīndào  ―  vagina
      外陰／外阴  ―  wàiyīn  ―  vulva
    16. a surname

    Antonyms[edit]

    See also[edit]

    The tones (of Chinese) in Chinese · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
    平仄 (píngzè) 平 (píng)
    平聲／平声 (píngshēng)     		仄 (zè)
    仄聲／仄声 (zèshēng)
    平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù)
    四聲／四声 (sìshēng)     		平 (píng)
    平聲／平声 (píngshēng)     		上 (shǎng)
    上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng)     		去 (qù)
    去聲／去声 (qùshēng)     		入 (rù)
    入聲／入声 (rùshēng)
    標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
    標調法／标调法     		四角標調法／四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜂◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜆
    [Term?] ◌〪 ◌〫 ◌〬 ◌〭
    傍點／傍点 ∅ ◌〮 ◌〯 ∅
    四聲八調／四声八调 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng) 陰上／阴上 (yīnshǎng) 陽上／阳上 (yángshǎng) 陰去／阴去 (yīnqù) 陽去／阳去 (yángqù) 陰入／阴入 (yīnrù) 陽入／阳入 (yángrù)
    陰／阴 (yīn) 陽／阳 (yáng)
    標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
    標調法／标调法     		四角標調法／四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜁◌ ꜂◌ ꜃◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜅ ◌꜆ ◌꜇
    The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Chinese · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
    四聲／四声 (sìshēng) 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng)
    一聲／一声     		陽平／阳平 (yángpíng)
    二聲／二声 (èrshēng)     		上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng)
    三聲／三声 (sānshēng)     		去聲／去声 (qùshēng)
    四聲／四声 (sìshēng)     		輕聲／轻声 (qīngshēng)

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • → Proto-Tai: *rɤmᴮ (“shade”)
      • Thai: ร่ม (rôm, “shade, umbrella, parachute”)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    陰

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. hidden
    2. dark
    3. negative

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Synonyms[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    陰
    かげ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    陰(かげ) • (kage) 

    1. shadow, shade
      木(き)の陰(かげ)
      ki no kage
      a shadow of a tree
    2. hidden side
      陰(かげ)で動(うご)き回(まわ)る
      kage de ugoki mawaru
      maneuver in a hidden side
      陰(かげ)の支(し)配(はい)者(しゃ)
      kage no shihaisha
      a hidden ruler
    See also[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    陰
    いん
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 陰 (ʔˠiɪm).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    陰(いん) • (in) 

    1. shade; shadow
    2. shadow of the sun; (figurative) time
    3. secret; unknown
    4. genitalia
    5. negative; “female”; quiescent; minus
    6. (philosophy) yin
    7. north side of mountain; south side of water
    8. the moon

    Noun[edit]

    陰(いん) • (in) 

    1. (philosophy) yin
    2. (literary) shady area; (陰に) in the shade; secretly; in private

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    陰
    ほと
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    /hoto2/: *[potə] → [ɸoto] → [hoto]. As indicated in the Wamyōshō citation, /to2/ may be related to 処 (/to1/, “place, location”), but the phonological difference can not be explained. Perhaps related to Korean 보지 (boji, “vagina”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    陰(ほと) • (hoto) 

    1. female genitalia
      • 712, Kojiki
        因生此子、美蕃登此三字以音。見灸而病臥在。
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      • 712, Kojiki
        逆剥天斑馬剥而、所墮入時、天服織女見驚而、於梭衝陰上而死。訓陰上云富登。
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    2. (by extension) male genitalia
      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎
      • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 2, page 44-45)
        陰 釋名云、陰、今案玉茎玉門等通稱也 [...] 原書無其字按神代紀、「陰訓保止、保是含包之言、即所謂在陰翳之義、止、處也」 [...]
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Synonyms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 陰 (MC 'im).

    Recorded as Middle Korean 隂/ᅙᅳᆷ (Yale: qum) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

    Recorded as Middle Korean 隂/음 (um) (Yale: um) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    陰 (eumhun 그늘 음 (geuneul eum))

    1. Hanja form? of 음 (“dark; shady”).
    Compounds[edit]
    Compounds
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음각¦陰刻⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음경¦陰莖¦penis⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음계¦陰界⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음극¦陰極⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음기¦陰氣⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음낭¦陰囊⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음덕¦陰德⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음력¦陰曆⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음렬¦陰裂¦pudendal cleft⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음모¦陰毛⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음모¦陰謀⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음문¦陰門⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음밀¦陰密⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음복¦陰伏⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음부¦陰部⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음사¦陰事⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음사¦陰私⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음선¦陰線⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음성¦陰性⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음수¦陰數⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음순¦陰脣¦labia⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음실¦陰室⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음암¦陰暗⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음애¦陰崖⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음양¦陰陽⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음영¦陰影⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음우¦陰佑⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음울¦陰鬱⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음전¦陰電⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음조¦陰助⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음지¦陰地⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음침¦陰沈⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음풍¦陰風⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음해¦陰害⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음핵¦陰核⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음허¦陰虛⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음험¦陰險⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음흉¦陰凶⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦광음¦光陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦녹음¦綠陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦농음¦濃陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦비음¦碑陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦야음¦夜陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦양음¦涼陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦자음¦滋陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦장음¦廧陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦촌음¦寸陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦춘음¦春陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦태음¦太陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦호음¦沍陰⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦회음¦會陰¦perineum⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음경골¦陰莖骨⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음양가¦陰陽家⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음전기¦陰電氣⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦음전자¦陰電子⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦대음순¦大陰脣⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦소음순¦小陰脣⦄⦄
    • ⦃⦃ko-l¦태음력¦太陰曆⦄⦄

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Related to Middle Chinese 闇 (MC 'omH, “dark; gloomy”).

    Hanja[edit]

    陰 (eumhun 침묵할 암 (chimmukhal am))

    1. (archaic) Hanja form? of 암 (“to be silent”).
    Synonyms[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    陰

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Cognate with Japanese 陰 (hoto).

    Noun[edit]

    陰(ほー) (hō) 

    1. female genitalia

    References[edit]

    • 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎[3], 1963

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    陰: Hán Nôm readings: âm, ơm

    1. chữ Hán form of âm (“yin”).

    Compounds[edit]

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