琴
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Contents
Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
琴 (radical 96 玉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一土人戈弓 (MGOIN), four-corner 11207, composition ⿱玨今)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 735, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21079
- Dae Jaweon: page 1147, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1119, character 7
- Unihan data for U+7434
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
琴 | |
---|---|---|
alt. forms |
Glyph origin[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
馠 | *qʰɯːm |
谽 | *qʰɯːm |
唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
含 | *ɡɯːm |
肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
筨 | *ɡɯːm |
梒 | *ɡɯːm |
鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
琀 | *ɡɯːms |
浛 | *ɡɯːms |
盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
玪 | *krɯːm |
妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
鈐 | *ɡram |
鳹 | *ɡram |
雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
念 | *nɯːms |
梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
枔 | *sɢrɯm |
岑 | *sɡrɯm |
笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
涔 | *sɡrɯm |
侺 | *ɡjɯms |
今 | *krɯm |
黅 | *krɯm |
衿 | *krɯm |
衾 | *kʰrɯm |
坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
搇 | *kʰrɯms |
琴 | *ɡrɯm |
禽 | *ɡrɯm |
芩 | *ɡrɯm |
庈 | *ɡrɯm |
耹 | *ɡrɯm |
靲 | *ɡrɯm |
擒 | *ɡrɯm |
檎 | *ɡrɯm |
紟 | *ɡrɯms |
吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
陰 | *qrɯm |
霠 | *qrɯm |
飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
蔭 | *qrɯms |
廕 | *qrɯms |
矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡrɯm): semantic 珡 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kam4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khìm
- Min Dong (BUC): kìng
- Min Nan (POJ): khîm
- Wu (Wiktionary): jjin (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
- Wade-Giles: ch'in2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: kam4
- Yale: kàhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: kam4
- Guangdong Romanization: kem4
- IPA (key): /kʰɐm²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khìm
- Hakka Romanization System: kimˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kim2
- IPA: /kʰim¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kìng
- IPA (key): /kʰiŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: jjin (T3)
- IPA (key): /d̥͡ʑɪɲ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 琴 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | Chongniu III |
Fanqie | 巨金切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɡˠiɪm/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɡᵚim/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ɡiem/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/gjim/ |
Li Rong |
/ɡjəm/ |
Wang Li |
/ɡĭĕm/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/gi̯əm/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qín |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 琴 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
qín |
Middle Chinese |
‹ gim › |
Old Chinese |
/*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/ |
English | lute |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 琴 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 6605 |
Phonetic component |
今 |
Rime group |
侵 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
琴 |
Old Chinese |
/*ɡrɯm/ |
Definitions[edit]
琴
- (music) qin (“Chinese zithers”), referring to any of several traditional Chinese musical instruments, most famously the guqin
- † to play the qin
- (music) collective name for certain musical instruments, usually of string or keyboard types, such as piano, organ, violin, cello, huqin, accordion, harmonica, etc.
Descendants[edit]
Compounds[edit]
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Etymology 2[edit]
See 琴日.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: kam4
- Yale: kàhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: kam4
- Guangdong Romanization: kem4
- IPA (key): /kʰɐm²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Definitions[edit]
琴
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Goon: ごん (gon)←ごん (gon, historical)←ごむ (gomu, ancient)
- Kan’on: きん (kin, Jōyō)←きん (kin, historical)←きむ (kimu, ancient)
- Kun: こと (koto, 琴, Jōyō)
Compounds[edit]
- 琴線 (kinsen, “koto string; heartstrings”)
- 琴曲 (kinkyoku, “koto music”)
- 一弦琴, 一絃琴 (ichigen-kin)
- 口琴 (kōkin, “Jew's harp”, literally "mouth harp")
- 自鳴琴 (jimeikin, “music box”)
- 弾琴 (dankin, “koto playing”)
- 鉄琴 (tekkin, “metallophone”)
- 手風琴 (tefūkin, “accordion”)
- 二弦琴 (nigen-kin)
- 馬頭琴 (batōkin)
- 口琴 (biyabon, “Edo-period mouth harp”)
- 木琴 (mokkin, “xylophone”)
- 和琴 (wagon)
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
琴 |
こと Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
/ko2 oto2/ invalid IPA characters (22) → */kooto/ → /koto/
Likely from Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 木 (ko, “tree, wood”) + 音 (oto, “sound”), (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) with the initial o dropped by haplology.
Compare 事 (koto).
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- koto: a Japanese traditional zither or harp, inspired by the guzheng (Chinese zither)
- (archaic) any stringed instrument
Usage notes[edit]
- Usually spelled as 箏, for the "Chinese zither" sense.
Synonyms[edit]
- (koto): 箏の琴 (sō no koto)
Derived terms[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
- a surname.
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
琴 |
きん Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 琴 (MC ɡˠiɪm). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
- 七弦琴 (shichigen-kin)
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
- 奚琴 (keikin, “xiqin”)
- 月琴 (gekkin, “yueqin”)
- 瑟 (shitsu, “se”)
- 提琴 (teikin, “tiqin”)
- 洋琴 (yōkin, “yangqin”)
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
- a surname.
Etymology 3[edit]
Various nanori readings.
Proper noun[edit]
- a surname.
- a surname.
琴 (hiragana ことえ, rōmaji Kotoe)
- a female given name
琴 (hiragana ことざき, rōmaji Kotozaki)
- a surname.
琴 (hiragana ことみ, rōmaji Kotomi)
- a female given name
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
琴 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune-Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
琴 (cầm)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading きん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading きん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading きむ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ごん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ごん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading ごむ
- Japanese terms spelled with 琴 read as こと
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- Japanese surnames
- Japanese terms spelled with 琴 read as きん
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- ja:Musical instruments
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