琴

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琴 U+7434, 琴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7434
← 琳
[U+7433] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 琵 →
[U+7435]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

琴 (radical 96, 玉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一土人戈弓 (MGOIN), four-corner 11207, composition ⿱玨今)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 735, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21079
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1147, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1119, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7434

Chinese[edit]

trad. 琴
simp. # 琴
alternative forms
 
珡
𤦡
𤩟
琹
𨨖
珡
𤦡
𤩟
琹
𨨖
𨪖
𩰔
䦦
𤫍
𨫹
䥅
䥆
𤫒

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 琴
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
琴-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡrɯm): semantic 珡 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 巨金切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gjim/
Li
Rong 		/ɡjəm/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		kam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/
English lute

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
No. 6605
Phonetic
component 		今
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		琴
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡrɯm/

Definitions[edit]

琴

  1. (music) qin (“Chinese zithers”), referring to any of several traditional Chinese musical instruments, most famously the guqin
  2. † to play the qin
  3. (music) collective name for certain musical instruments, usually of string or keyboard types, such as piano, organ, violin, cello, huqin, accordion, harmonica, etc.
Descendants[edit]
  • → Burmese: ခင် (hkang)
  • → English: qin
  • → Thai: ขิม (kǐm) (via Min Nan)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 琴

Etymology 2[edit]

See 琴日.

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

琴

  1. (Cantonese) yesterday

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

琴

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
琴
こと
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
箏 (Japanese zither)

⟨ko2to2⟩ → */kətə/ → /koto/

From Old Japanese, attested in the three major literature works of the Nara period: the Kojiki (712 C.E.), the Nihon Shoki (720 C.E.), and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 C.E.).[1]

Possibly derived from a compound of elements 木 (ko, “tree, wood”, combining form) +‎ 音 (oto, “sound”), with the additional medial o dropped by haplology.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

琴(こと) • (koto) 

  1. koto: a Japanese zither derived from the Chinese guzheng
  2. (colloquial) guzheng: a Chinese zither on which the koto was based [since after the Edo period]
    Synonym: 箏 (sō)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun[edit]

琴(こと) • (Koto) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
琴
きん
Grade: S
kan’on
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

/kimʉ/ → /kiɴ/

From Middle Chinese 琴 (MC ɡˠiɪm). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

琴(きん) • (kin) 

  1. a guqin, qin (seven-stringed Chinese zither)
    Synonym: 古琴 (kokin)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Affix[edit]

琴(きん) • (kin) 

  1. guqin (ancient Chinese seven-stringed zither) or other related instruments
  2. any stringed or keyboard instrument
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun[edit]

琴(きん) • (Kin) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname.

See also[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun[edit]

琴(くむ) • (Kumu) 

  1. a surname.

琴(ぐん) • (Gun) 

  1. a surname.

琴(ことえ) • (Kotoe) 

  1. a female given name

琴(ことざき) • (Kotozaki) 

  1. a surname.

琴(ことみ) • (Kotomi) 

  1. a female given name

References[edit]

  1. ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 18, poem 1435), text here
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

琴 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

琴: Hán Nôm readings: cầm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms[edit]

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