練

See also: 练, 煉, and 鍊

練 U+7DF4, 練 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DF4 ← 緳 [U+7DF3] CJK Unified Ideographs 緵 → [U+7DF5]

練 U+F996, 練 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F996 ← 秊 [U+F995] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 聯 → [U+F997]

練 U+FA57, 練 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA57 ← 節 [U+FA56] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 縉 → [U+FA58]

練 U+FAB0, 練 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB0 ← 絛 [U+FAAF] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 缾 → [U+FAB1]

Translingual

Traditional	練
Simplified	练
Japanese	練
Korean	練

Alternative forms

• Note the difference in the right-side component between traditional Chinese (柬) and Japanese shinjitai (東).
• Three CJK compatibility ideographs exists for this code point. Among them, U+FA57 corresponds to the Japanese kyūjitai form of this character.

Han character

練 (radical 120, 糸+9 in Chinese and Korean, 糸+8 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese and Korean, 14 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 女火木田火 (VFDWF), four-corner 2599₆, composition ⿰糹柬(GHTV) or ⿰糸東(J or U+FAB0) or ⿰糸柬(K or U+F996 or U+FA57))

Derived characters

• 𭌈, 𬚎

References

• KangXi: page 932, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27631
• Dae Jaweon: page 1370, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3424, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7DF4

• Unihan data for U+F996

• Unihan data for U+FA57

• Unihan data for U+FAB0

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Chinese

trad.		練
simp.		练

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 練
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
讕	*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	*kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·reːns): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liàn (lian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁶
• Min Bei (KCR): līng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): liān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liang⁷ / liêng⁷

• Wu (Wiktionary): li (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: liàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˋ
    • Wade–Giles: lien4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liann
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liàn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lin⁶
    • Yale: lihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lin⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²²/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: līng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liān
    • Tâi-lô: liān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lien
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɛn²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɛn³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: liang⁷ / liêng⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liāng / liēng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaŋ¹¹/, /lieŋ¹¹/

Note:

• liang7 - Shantou;
• liêng7 - Chaozhou.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: li (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /len^H/

Rime
Character	練
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎甸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lenH/
Pan Wuyun	/lenH/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛnH/
Li Rong	/lenH/
Wang Li	/lienH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lienH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤen-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·reːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	練
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liàn
Middle Chinese	‹ lenH ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁen-s/
English	sized white silk
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	練
Reading #	1/1
No.	6141
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	練
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·reːns/

Definitions

練

1. ^† white silk
2. ^† to boil and scour raw silk
3. to practice; to drill; to exercise; to train
4. experienced; familiar
5. A surname​.

Compounds

Derived terms from 練

• 人情練達／人情练达 (rénqíngliàndá)
• 修練／修练
• 光說不練／光说不练
• 凝練／凝练 (níngliàn)
• 勤練／勤练
• 匹練／匹练
• 團練／团练 (tuánliàn)
• 基本教練／基本教练
• 大練／大练 (Dàliàn)
• 寒地訓練／寒地训练
• 幹練／干练 (gànliàn)
• 彩練／彩练 (cǎiliàn)
• 拉練／拉练 (lāliàn)
• 捵練／捵练
• 排練／排练 (páiliàn)
• 操練／操练 (cāoliàn)
• 敏練慈愷／敏练慈恺
• 教練／教练 (jiàoliàn)
• 教練團／教练团
• 教練機／教练机 (jiàoliànjī)
• 教練車／教练车
• 新生訓練／新生训练
• 晨練／晨练 (chénliàn)
• 歷練／历练
• 歷練之才／历练之才
• 歷練老成／历练老成
• 洗練／洗练 (xǐliàn)
• 演練／演练 (yǎnliàn)
• 熟練／熟练 (shúliàn)

• 疋練／疋练
• 白練／白练 (báiliàn)
• 白衣教練／白衣教练
• 百鍛千練／百锻千练
• 研京練都／研京练都
• 磨練／磨练
• 積理練識／积理练识
• 簡練／简练 (jiǎnliàn)
• 精明幹練／精明干练
• 精練／精练 (jīngliàn)
• 素練／素练
• 組練／组练
• 絢練／绚练
• 經練／经练
• 編練／编练
• 練兵／练兵 (liànbīng)
• 練兵積粟／练兵积粟
• 練功／练功 (liàngōng)
• 練唱／练唱
• 練土／练土
• 練字／练字 (liànzì)
• 練家子／练家子
• 練實／练实
• 練就／练就 (liànjiù)
• 練師／练师
• 練手／练手 (liànshǒu)
• 練把式／练把式
• 練武／练武 (liànwǔ)

• 練球／练球 (liànqiú)
• 練祭／练祭
• 練習／练习 (liànxí)
• 練習曲／练习曲 (liànxíqǔ)
• 練習生／练习生
• 練習簿／练习簿 (liànxíbù)
• 練習紙／练习纸
• 練聲曲／练声曲
• 練裳／练裳
• 練要／练要
• 練覈／练覈
• 練達／练达 (liàndá)
• 練達老成／练达老成
• 練馬師／练马师 (liànmǎshī)
• 總教練／总教练
• 老成練達／老成练达
• 老練／老练 (lǎoliàn)
• 職前訓練／职前训练
• 職業訓練／职业训练
• 苦練／苦练 (kǔliàn)
• 訓練／训练 (xùnliàn)
• 訓練有素／训练有素 (xùnliànyǒusù)
• 詳練／详练
• 諳練／谙练 (ānliàn)
• 赤練蛇／赤练蛇
• 通才練識／通才练识
• 集兵練卒／集兵练卒 (jí bīng liàn zú)
• 馬后練服／马后练服

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Japanese

Shinjitai	練
Kyūjitai	練

Kanji

練

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. practice, train, drill
2. polish, gloss
3. refine

Readings

• Go-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)
• Kun: ねる (neru, 練る, Jōyō); ねり (neri, 練り)
• Nanori: ねり (neri)

Compounds

Compounds

• 訓(くん)練(れん) (kunren, “training; drill; practice”)
• 試(し)練(れん) (shiren, “test; trial; ordeal”)
• 修(しゅう)練(れん) (shūren, “training; drill; practice”)
• 熟(じゅく)練(れん) (jukuren, “skill; proficiency”)
• 洗(せん)練(れん) (senren, “refinement; polish”)
• 未(み)練(れん) (miren, “lingering attachment; regret”)
• 練(れん)習(しゅう) (renshū, “practice; exercise”)

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Korean

Hanja

練 (eumhun 익힐 련 (ikhil ryeon), South Korea 익힐 연 (ikhil yeon))

1. Hanja form^? of 련 (“practice”).

Compounds

• 훈련 (訓練, hullyeon, “training”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

練: Hán Nôm readings: luyện, lén, lẹn, rén, rịn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.