爛

See also: 烂

Translingual

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 爛
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raːns): 火 ‎(“fire”) + 闌

Han character

爛 (radical 86 火+17, 21 strokes, cangjie input 火日弓田 (FANW), four-corner 9782₀, composition ⿰火闌)

References

• KangXi: page 687, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19604
• Dae Jaweon: page 1099, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2249, character 2
• Unihan data for U+721B

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Chinese

trad.		爛
simp.		烂

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): làn (lan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): laan⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lan
• Min Nan (POJ): nōa / lān

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: làn
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
    • Wade-Giles: lan⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
    • IPA ^(key): /la̠n⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: laan⁶
    • Yale: laahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laan⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /lɑːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lan
    • Hakka Romanization System: lan
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lan⁴
    • IPA: /lan⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nōa / lān
    • Tâi-lô: nuā / lān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: noa, lan
    • IPA (Taipei): /nua³³/, /lan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /nua²²/, /lan²²/
    • Note: nōa - vernacular; lān - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: /lɑn^H/▼

Rime
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	郎旰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lanH/
Li Rong	/lɑnH/
Wang Li	/lɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	làn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[r]ˤan-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːns/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	làn
Middle Chinese	‹ lanH ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˤan-s/
English	cooked until soft
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
No.	6130
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	爛
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːns/

Adjective

爛

1. (of fruits, etc.) rotten, spoiled, decayed

   爛蘋果 / 烂苹果  ―  làn pínguǒ  ―  rotten apple

2. well-cooked, soft, and/or mushy

   佢鍾意啲薯仔煮得好爛。 [Cantonese, trad.]

   佢钟意啲薯仔煮得好烂。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   Keoi⁵ zung¹ ji³ di¹ syu⁴ zai² zyu² dak¹ hou² laan⁶. [Jyutping]

   He likes his potatoes cooked very mushy.

3. broken, fragmented, shattered

   佢整爛其他人啲嘢都唔知錯。 [Cantonese, trad.]

   佢整烂其他人啲嘢都唔知错。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   Keoi⁵ zing² laan⁶ kei⁴ taa¹ jan⁴ di¹ je⁵ dou¹ m⁴ zi¹ co³. [Jyutping]

   He didn't apologize even though he broke someone else's things.

4. bad; awful

   爛gag / 烂gag [Cantonese]  ―  laan⁶ gag [Jyutping]  ―  bad joke

   我的英文很爛。 / 我的英文很烂。  ―  Wǒ de yīngwén hěn làn.  ―  My English is awful.

Verb

爛

1. to rot, to decay, to decompose, to spoil

Compounds

Terms derived from 爛

• 爛攤子／烂摊子
• 爛泥／烂泥 (lànní)
• 爛漫／烂漫 (lànmàn), 爛熳／烂熳, 爛縵／烂缦

• 爛熟／烂熟
• 爛糊／烂糊
• 爛舌頭／烂舌头

• 爛賬／烂账
• 爛醉／烂醉

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Japanese

Kanji

爛

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On: らん (ran)
• Kun: ただれる (tadareru)

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Korean

Hanja

爛 • ‎(ran, nan) (hangeul 란, 난, revised ran, nan, McCune-Reischauer ran, nan, Yale lan, nan)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

• Hán Việt: lạn, láng, rạn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.