諫

See also: 諌 and 谏

諫 U+8AEB, 諫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AEB ← 諪 [U+8AEA] CJK Unified Ideographs 諬 → [U+8AEC]

Translingual

Traditional	諫
Shinjitai (extended)	諌
Simplified	谏

Han character

諫 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口木田火 (YRDWF), four-corner 0569₆, composition ⿰訁柬)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1170, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35724
• Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3995, character 9
• Unihan data for U+8AEB

Chinese

trad.		諫
simp.		谏
2nd round simp.		𫍝
alternative forms		諌／𮷅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諫
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
讕	*ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	*kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːns): semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan³
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gang³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁵ci; ⁵e

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴
    • Yale: jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaan³
    • Yale: gaan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàn
    • Tâi-lô: kàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaxn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kan²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kan¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ci; ⁵e
    • Wiktionary Romanisation: ²ji; ²e
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁴/, /e̞³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kaenH

Rime
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古晏切
Baxter	kaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠanH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨnH/
Li Rong	/kanH/
Wang Li	/kanH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kanH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaan3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤranʔ(-s)/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kaenH ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁranʔ(-s)/ (~ *kˁranʔ)
English	admonish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
No.	6140
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	諫
Old Chinese	/*kraːns/

Definitions

諫

1. to remonstrate; to admonish

Compounds

• 主文譎諫／主文谲谏
• 兵諫／兵谏 (bīngjiàn)
• 切諫／切谏
• 勸諫／劝谏 (quànjiàn)
• 大諫／大谏
• 大諫章／大谏章
• 尸諫／尸谏
• 幾諫／几谏
• 強諫／强谏
• 從諫如流／从谏如流
• 忠諫／忠谏
• 愎諫／愎谏
• 拒諫飾非／拒谏饰非
• 杜諫／杜谏
• 正言直諫／正言直谏
• 犯顏苦諫／犯颜苦谏
• 百諫圖／百谏图
• 直言極諫／直言极谏
• 直言正諫／直言正谏
• 直諫／直谏 (zhíjiàn)
• 筆諫／笔谏
• 箴諫／箴谏
• 納諫／纳谏
• 納諫如流／纳谏如流
• 苦諫／苦谏
• 規諫／规谏 (guījiàn)
• 諍諫／诤谏 (zhèngjiàn)
• 諫勸／谏劝
• 諫官／谏官
• 諫書／谏书
• 諫爭如流／谏争如流
• 諫而剖腹／谏而剖腹
• 諫臣／谏臣
• 諫草／谏草
• 諫言／谏言 (jiànyán)
• 諫訓／谏训 (jiànxùn)
• 諫諍／谏诤 (jiànzhèng)
• 諷諫／讽谏 (fěngjiàn)
• 諫議／谏议 (jiànyì)
• 諫議大夫／谏议大夫 (jiànyì dàfū)
• 諫逐客書／谏逐客书
• 諫過／谏过
• 諫阻／谏阻
• 諫院／谏院
• 諫章／谏章
• 諫鼓／谏鼓
• 譎諫／谲谏
• 進諫／进谏 (jìnjiàn)
• 飾非拒諫／饰非拒谏

 

References

• “諫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	諌
Kyūjitai	諫

Kanji

諫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 諌)

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• Kun: いさめる (isameru, 諫める)
• Nanori: いさむ (isamu)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
諫
かん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 諫 (MC kaenH).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か​ん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun

諫(かん) • (kan) 

1. admonition

Affix

諫(かん) • (kan) 

1. admonish
2. dissuade

Korean

Hanja

諫 (eum 간 (gan))

1. remonstrate
2. admonish

Vietnamese

Han character

諫: Hán Nôm readings: gián

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.