得
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
得 (radical 60, 彳+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹人日一戈 (HOAMI), four-corner 26241, composition ⿰彳㝵)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 367, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10137
- Dae Jaweon: page 691, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 828, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5F97
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
得 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | 𠭁 𧴫 㝵 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 得 | ||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (得) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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| Old Chinese | |
| 得 | *tɯːɡ |
| 淂 | *tɯːɡ |
| 棏 | *dɯːɡ, *rtɯːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意). The ancient form of 得 is 㝵, composed of 貝 (“cowry”) + 又 (“hand”) — to pick up a cowry > to obtain valuables. A component 彳 was sometimes added to show that the cowry was picked up on the road.
In the Qin Bamboo and Slip script:
- a horizontal line was add to the 又, which means it is replaced with the related 寸. This is a feature of Qin script, and many characters which used to compound with 又 now compound with 寸.
In the Shouwen seal script:
- the 貝 corrupts into something resembling 見. However, this should be an error of Shouwen, because it only can be only found in Shouwen rather historical Qin Seal script and Qin Bamboo and Slip script.
In the clerical script:
- the 貝 simplified as 目 (“eye”), such simplification can be seen in its early form like Spring and Autumn and Warring States bronze inscriptions and Chu Bamboo an Silk script as well as other characters such as 具. Then it corrupts into 旦 (“dawn”) in later clerical script, and Regular script inherited it.
Etymology[edit]
Pulleyblank (1991) relates it to Tibetan ཐུབ (thub, “to be able to; to withstand”).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
得
- to get; to obtain; to gain, to acquire
- to contract (disease); to become ill with
- to result in; to produce
- to be ready; finished
- to suit; to fit
- fit; proper
- satisfied; contented
- (formal, often used in the negative) can; may; to be permitted
- 非依法定程序之逮捕、拘禁、審問、處罰，得拒絕之。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: Article 8, Constitution of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Fēi yī fǎdìng chéngxù zhī dàibǔ, jūjìn, shěnwèn, chùfá, dé jùjué zhī. [Pinyin]
- Any arrest, detention, trial, or punishment which is not in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law can be resisted.
非依法定程序之逮捕、拘禁、审问、处罚，得拒绝之。 [MSC, simp.]
- (Cantonese) to only have; to just have
- interjective particle expressing approval or prohibition; see 得了
- 我有個表姪女兒，今年二十六，談了好幾個對象了都沒談成。她媽啊，一直託我幫忙呢。得，甭別人了，就是她了。 [Beijing Mandarin, trad.]
- From: 2000, 梁左 and 梁欢, 《闲人马大姐》, episode 7
- Wǒ yǒu ge biǎozhínür, jīnnián èrshíliù, tán le hǎo jǐ ge duìxiàng le dōu méi tán chéng. Tā mā a, yīzhí tuō wǒ bāngmáng ne. Dé, béng biérén le, jiù shi tā le. [Pinyin]
- I've got a niece who's 26 years old this year, who's already dated several guys but none worked out. Her mum's been nagging me to find a guy for her. Alright, we'll set the two up then. There's no need to find someone else.
我有个表侄女儿，今年二十六，谈了好几个对象了都没谈成。她妈啊，一直托我帮忙呢。得，甭别人了，就是她了。 [Beijing Mandarin, simp.]
- interjective particle expressing frustration or helplessness
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 得
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Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
得
- Used after a verb or an adjective and before a complement.
- alt. forms: 的 historical or nonstandard
- Used after a verb to express possibility or capability.
- 吃得 ― chī de ― eatable, edible
- alt. forms: 的 historical or nonstandard
Usage notes[edit]
- When it is used between a verb and the complement, and the complement is used to indicate possibility or capacity, the negative form replaces 得 with 不 (bù).
- If there is no complement, or if the complement describes the result or the extent of the verb, the negative form has 得不 in the place of 得.
- If it is used after a verb-object construction, the verb is repeated again as "verb-object-verb-得-complement".
- "Object-verb-得-complement" is also used.
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 得
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Pronunciation 3[edit]
Definitions[edit]
得
- (colloquial) to need (something)
- (colloquial) must; to have to
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01291
- “得”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
得
- acquire
Readings[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 得る (eru)
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
得 • (deuk) (hangeul 득, revised deuk, McCune–Reischauer tŭk, Yale tuk)
Derived terms[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References[edit]
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