八
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
八 (radical 12, 八+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹人 (HO), four-corner 80000, composition ⿰丿乀(GHT) or ⿰丿乁(JKV))
- Kangxi radical #12, ⼋.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №16
Usage notes[edit]
Minor strokes in the shape of 八 or 丷, as in the top of 𠔉 and 龹, can be referred by this radical (but in many cases, it's a false friend). These are often written as 丷 in modern texts. Compare 卷/卷, and different forms of 鬲/鬲.
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- ハ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)
Further reading[edit]
- KangXi: page 126, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
- Dae Jaweon: page 274, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 3
- Unihan data for U+516B
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 八 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 八 is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by 別).
Etymology 1[edit]
trad. | 八 | |
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simp. # | 八 | |
alternative forms | 捌 financial |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat (“eight”). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
八
- eight
- many, numerous
- (printing) pearl; The smallest size of usual type, standardized as 5 point.
- Short for 八卦 (bāguà).
- A surname.
See also[edit]
Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万 | 億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
Compounds[edit]
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Descendants[edit]
Others:
- → Tai: *peːtᴰ (“eight”)
Etymology 2[edit]
trad. | 八 | |
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simp. # | 八 |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 別/别 (bié).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
八
- † to divide; to differentiate
Etymology 3[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 八 – see 捌 (“to know”). (This character, 八, is a variant form of 捌.) |
Japanese[edit]
< 7 | 8 | 9 > |
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Cardinal : 八 | ||
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: はち (hachi, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)
- Kun: や (ya, 八, Jōyō); やつ (yatsu, 八つ, Jōyō); やっつ (yattsu, 八つ, Jōyō); よう (yō, 八, Jōyō †)
- Nanori: な (na); は (ha); はっ (wa'); はつ (hatsu); やち (yachi); やつ (yatsu)
Compounds[edit]
- 一八 (ichihatsu)
- 永字八法 (Eiji Happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)
- 間八 (kanpachi)
- 尺八 (shakuhachi)
- 八橋 (yatsuhachi)
- 八手 (yatsude)
- 八切 (yatsugiri)
- 八角形 (hakkakkei, “octagon”)
- 八掛 (hakkake)
- 七転八起 (shichiten hakki)
- 八九分 (hakkubu)
- 四苦八苦 (shiku hakku)
- 八苦 (hakku)
- 八卦 (hakke)
- 八月 (hachigatsu, “August”)
- 八紘 (hakkō)
- 八荒 (hakkō)
- 八朔 (hassaku)
- 八字髭 (hachijihige)
- 八州 (hasshō)
- 八重 (yae)
- 八丈 (hachijō)
- 八丈島 (hachijōjima)
- 八達 (hattatsu)
- 八丁 (hasshō)
- 八潮路 (yashioji)
- 七転八倒 (shichiten-battō)
- 八道 (hachidō)
- 八日 (yōka)
- 八幡 (hachiman)
- 八分 (happun)
- 八辺形 (hachihengei, “octagon”)
- 八宝菜 (happōsai)
- 八方 (happō)
- 八面 (hachimen)
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (file)
Numeral[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
The ablaut form of 四 (yo, “four”), which it doubles. From Old Japanese 八 (ya), from Proto-Japonic *ya.
Noun[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Coordinate terms[edit]
Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 八 (MC pˠɛt̚).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 바ᇙ〮 (Yale: pálq) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 여듧 (Yale: yètùlp) | 팔〮 (Yale: phál) |
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 여ᄃᆞᆲ (Yale: yetolp) | 팔 (Yale: phal) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰa̠ɭ]
- Phonetic hangeul: [팔]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 팔방 (八方, palbang)
- 팔자 (八字, palja)
- 팔식 (八識, palsik)
- 팔고 (八苦, palgo)
- 팔순 (八旬, palsun)
- 팔팔십 (達八十, palpalsip)
- 팔불용 (八不用, palburyong)
- 칠전팔기 (七顚八起, chiljeonpalgi)
- 십중팔구 (十中八九, sipjungpalgu)
- 팔방미인 (八方美人, palbangmiin)
- 백팔번뇌 (百八煩惱, baekpalbeonnoe)
- 사고팔고 (四苦八苦, sagopalgo)
- 팔면육비 (八面六臂, palmyeonyukbi)
- 사각팔방 (四角八方, sagakpalbang)
- 관동팔경 (關東八景, gwandongpalgyeong)
- 사통팔달 (四通八達, satongpaldal)
- 이팔청춘 (二八靑春, ipalcheongchun)
- 구산팔해 (九山八海, gusanpalhae)
- 십상팔구 (十常八九, sipsangpalgu)
- 사방팔방 (四方八方, sabangpalbang)
- 사주팔자 (四柱八字, sajupalja)
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
八: Hán Việt readings: bát[1][2][3]
八: Nôm readings: bát[1][2], bắt[1][3], bớt[1]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading はち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading な
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