八

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八 U+516B, 八
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516B
← 兪
[U+516A]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 公 →
[U+516C]
See also: 入 and 丷
Commons:Category
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Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
八-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 12 八

八 (radical 12 八+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹人 (HO), four-corner 80000, composition ⿹丿乁)

Stroke order
2 strokes
  1. Kangxi radical #12, ⼋ (“eight”).

Usage notes[edit]

Minor strokes in the shape of ハ/八, as in the top of 劵, can be referred to 八. These are very frequently simplified to 丷. Contrast 劵/券, and different forms of 鬲/鬲.

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Japanese: ハ (ha)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 126, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 274, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 241, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+516B

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 八
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
八-oracle.svg 八-bronze.svg 八-silk.svg 八-bigseal.svg 八-seal.svg
Oracle bone script
ACC-j01414.svg

j01414
ACC-j01415.svg

j01415
ACC-j01416.svg

j01416
ACC-j01417.svg

j01417
ACC-j01418.svg

j01418
ACC-j01419.svg

j01419
ACC-j01420.svg

j01420
ACC-j01421.svg

j01421
ACC-j01422.svg

j01422
ACC-j01423.svg

j01423
ACC-j01424.svg

j01424
Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b00933.svg

b00933
ACC-b00934.svg

b00934
ACC-b00935.svg

b00935
ACC-b00936.svg

b00936
ACC-b00937.svg

b00937
ACC-b00938.svg

b00938
ACC-b00939.svg

b00939
ACC-b00940.svg

b00940
ACC-b00941.svg

b00941
ACC-b00942.svg

b00942
ACC-b00943.svg

b00943
ACC-b00944.svg

b00944
ACC-b00945.svg

b00945
ACC-b00946.svg

b00946
ACC-b00947.svg

b00947
ACC-b00948.svg

b00948
ACC-b00949.svg

b00949
Large seal script
ACC-L26490.svg

L26490
ACC-L26491.svg

L26491
ACC-L26492.svg

L26492
ACC-L26493.svg

L26493
ACC-L26494.svg

L26494
ACC-L26495.svg

L26495
Small seal script
ACC-s00788.svg

s00788
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (八) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扒 *preːds, *preːd, *pred
八 *preːd
𩡩 *preːd
朳 *preːd
玐 *preːd
釟 *preːd
汃 *pʰreːd, *prɯn

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 八 is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by 別).

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 八
alt. forms 捌 financial

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat (“eight”). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: bá - a less common tone sandhi variant of 八 when it occurs before a departing-tone character, e.g. 八路.
Note:
  • peh/poeh - vernacular;
  • pat - literary.
Rime
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博拔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong		 /pɛt̚/
Wang
Li		 /pæt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ba
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bā
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˤret/
English eight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
No. 89
Phonetic
component		 八
Rime
group		 月
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 八
Old
Chinese		 /*preːd/

Definitions[edit]

八

  1. eight
  2. many, numerous
  3. (printing) pearl; The smallest size of usual type, standardized as 5 point.
  4. Short for 八卦 (bāguà).
    1. to gossip (about); to stick one's nose in
    2. (Cantonese) nosey; meddling
      八婆 [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 po4 [Jyutping]  ―  nosey parker; meddling woman
  5. A surname​.
See also[edit]
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Cardinal 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬
万		 億
亿		 兆
Financial 零 壹 貳
贰		 參
叁		 肆 伍 陸
陆		 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟 萬
万		 億
亿		 兆

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 八

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (八):
  • Japanese: 八 (はち) (hachi)
  • Korean: 팔 (八, pal)
  • Vietnamese: bát (八)

Others:

Etymology 2[edit]

simp. and trad.
 八

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 別／别 (bié).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博拔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong		 /pɛt̚/
Wang
Li		 /pæt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ba
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bā
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˤret/
English eight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 八
Reading # 1/1
No. 89
Phonetic
component		 八
Rime
group		 月
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 八
Old
Chinese		 /*preːd/

Definitions[edit]

八

  1. † to divide; to differentiate

Etymology 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 八 – see 捌 (“to know”).
(This character, 八, is a variant form of 捌.)

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Numeral[edit]

Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  7 8 9  > 
    Cardinal : 八

八 (hiragana はち, rōmaji hachi)

  1. eight, 8

Noun[edit]

八 (hiragana はち, rōmaji hachi)

  1. eight
  2. Short for 八の字.
  3. Short for 八兵衛.

Etymology 2[edit]

The ablaut form of 四 (yo, “four”), which it doubles.

Noun[edit]

八 (hiragana や, rōmaji ya)

  1. eight
Related terms[edit]

Kanji[edit]

八

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

八 • (pal, bae)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 팔, 배 (revised: pal, bae, McCune-Reischauer: p'al, pae, Yale: phal, pay)
    • Name (hangeul): 여덟 (revised: yeodeolp, McCune-Reischauer: yŏdŏl, Yale: yetelp)
  1. eight

Numeral[edit]

八 • (pal) (hangeul 팔)

  1. (cardinal) eight

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

八 (bát, bắt)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

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