八

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See also: 入, 丷, and ハ
八 U+516B, 八
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516B
← 兪
[U+516A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 公 →
[U+516C]
⼋ U+2F0B, ⼋
KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT
← ⼊
[U+2F0A] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼌ →
[U+2F0C]
Commons:Category
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Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order
八-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 12 八

八 (radical 12, 八+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹人 (HO), four-corner 80000, composition ⿰丿乀(GHT) or ⿰丿乁(JKV))

  1. Kangxi radical #12, ⼋.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №16

Usage notes[edit]

Minor strokes in the shape of 八 or 丷, as in the top of 𠔉 and 龹, can be referred by this radical (but in many cases, it's a false friend). These are often written as 丷 in modern texts. Compare 卷/卷, and different forms of 鬲/鬲.

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • KangXi: page 126, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 274, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+516B

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 八
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
八-oracle.svg 八-bronze.svg ACC-b00945.svg 八-silk.svg 八-slip.svg 八-seal.svg 八-bigseal.svg
Oracle bone script
ACC-j01414.svg

j01414

ACC-j01415.svg

j01415

ACC-j01416.svg

j01416

ACC-j01417.svg

j01417

ACC-j01418.svg

j01418

ACC-j01419.svg

j01419

ACC-j01420.svg

j01420

ACC-j01421.svg

j01421

ACC-j01422.svg

j01422

ACC-j01423.svg

j01423

ACC-j01424.svg

j01424

Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b00933.svg

b00933

ACC-b00934.svg

b00934

ACC-b00935.svg

b00935

ACC-b00936.svg

b00936

ACC-b00937.svg

b00937

ACC-b00938.svg

b00938

ACC-b00939.svg

b00939

ACC-b00940.svg

b00940

ACC-b00941.svg

b00941

ACC-b00942.svg

b00942

ACC-b00943.svg

b00943

ACC-b00944.svg

b00944

ACC-b00945.svg

b00945

ACC-b00946.svg

b00946

ACC-b00947.svg

b00947

ACC-b00948.svg

b00948

ACC-b00949.svg

b00949

Small seal script
ACC-s00788.svg

s00788

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L26490.svg

L26490

ACC-L26491.svg

L26491

ACC-L26492.svg

L26492

ACC-L26493.svg

L26493

ACC-L26494.svg

L26494

ACC-L26495.svg

L26495

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (八) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扒 *preːds, *preːd, *pred
八 *preːd
𩡩 *preːd
朳 *preːd
玐 *preːd
釟 *preːd
汃 *pʰreːd, *prɯn

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 八 is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by 別).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 八
simp. # 八
alternative forms 捌 financial

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat (“eight”). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: bá - a less common tone sandhi variant of 八 when it occurs before a departing-tone character, e.g. 八路.
Note:
  • poeh/peh - vernacular;
  • pat - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 鎋 (75)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 博拔切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pˠɛt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pᵚæt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pæt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pəɨt̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/pɛt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pæt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pat̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ba
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bā
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pɛt ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pˁret/
    English eight

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 89
    Phonetic
    component         		八
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		八
    Old
    Chinese         		/*preːd/

    Definitions[edit]

    八

    1. eight
    2. many, numerous
    3. (printing) pearl; The smallest size of usual type, standardized as 5 point.
    4. Short for 八卦 (bāguà).
      1. to gossip (about); to stick one's nose in
      2. (Cantonese) nosey; meddling
        八婆 [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 po4 [Jyutping]  ―  nosey parker; meddling woman
    5. A surname​.
    See also[edit]
    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 八

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (八):
    • → Japanese: 八(はち) (hachi)
    • → Korean: 팔 (八, pal)
    • → Vietnamese: bát (八)

    Others:

    Etymology 2[edit]

    trad. 八
    simp. # 八

    From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 別／别 (bié).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 鎋 (75)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 博拔切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pˠɛt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pᵚæt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pæt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pəɨt̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/pɛt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pæt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pat̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ba
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bā
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pɛt ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pˁret/
    English eight

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 八
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 89
    Phonetic
    component         		八
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		八
    Old
    Chinese         		/*preːd/

    Definitions[edit]

    八

    1. † to divide; to differentiate

    Etymology 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 八 – see 捌 (“to know”).
    (This character, 八, is a variant form of 捌.)

    Japanese[edit]

    Japanese cardinal numbers
     <  7 8 9  > 
        Cardinal : 八

    Kanji[edit]

    八

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • Audio
      		(file)

    Numeral[edit]

    八(はち) • (hachi) 

    1. eight, 8

    Noun[edit]

    八(はち) • (hachi) 

    1. eight
    2. Short for 八の字.
    3. Short for 八兵衛.

    Etymology 2[edit]

    The ablaut form of 四 (yo, “four”), which it doubles. From Old Japanese 八 (ya), from Proto-Japonic *ya.

    Noun[edit]

    八(や) • (ya) 

    1. eight
    Related terms[edit]

    Coordinate terms[edit]

    Japanese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Regular 零(れい) (rei)
    零(ゼロ) (zero)     		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
    四(し) (shi)     		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
    七(しち) (shichi)     		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
    九(く) (ku)     		十(じゅう) (jū)
    Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
    90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
    Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)     		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
    一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)     		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
    Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
    1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
    一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

    Korean[edit]

    Korean numbers (edit)
    80
     ←  7 8 9  → 
        Native: 여덟 (yeodeol)
        Sino-Korean: 팔 (pal)
        Hanja: 八
        Ordinal: 여덟째 (yeodeoljjae)
        Number of days: 여드레 (yeodeure)

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 八 (MC pˠɛt̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 바ᇙ〮 (Yale: pálq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 여듧 (Yale: yètùlp) 팔 (Yale: phál)
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 여ᄃᆞᆲ (Yale: yetolp) 팔 (Yale: phal)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    八 (eumhun 여덟 팔 (yeodeol pal))

    1. Hanja form? of 팔 (“eight”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    八: Hán Việt readings: bát[1][2][3]
    八: Nôm readings: bát[1][2], bắt[1][3], bớt[1]

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=八&oldid=62306423"