零

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See also: 〇 and 𩆖
零 U+96F6, 零
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96F6
← 雵
[U+96F5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 雷 →
[U+96F7]
零 U+F9B2, 零
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B2
← 鈴
[U+F9B1] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 靈 →
[U+F9B3]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual[edit]

Traditional 零
Simplified 零
Japanese 零
Korean 零
Stroke order
13 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms[edit]

In Japan, Korea and Traditional Chinese jiu zixing, the bottom component 令 is written 亼 + 𰆊, similar to its Kangxi dictionary form. In traditional Chinese as defined by Taiwan MOE and Hong Kong CLIAC, 令 is written 亼 + マ. In simplified Chinese, the component 令 is written 亽 + マ.

Han character[edit]

零 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月人戈戈 (MBOII), four-corner 10307, composition ⿱⻗令)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1372, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42242
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1880, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4061, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+96F6

Chinese[edit]

trad. 零
simp. # 零
2nd round simp. ⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶令
alternative forms
 
𠏡
𡈍
𤅫
𥥋
𮖿
𠏡
𡈍
𤅫
𥥋
𮖿
𩂙
霗
𩃞
𩅶
𩆖
𩆼
⿳⻗人𰆊

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 零
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
令 *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜 *riːn, *reːŋ
零 *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿 *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ
命 *mreŋs
冷 *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉 *reŋ, *reːŋ
嶺 *reŋʔ
領 *reŋʔ
阾 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
柃 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
袊 *reŋʔ
詅 *reŋs, *reːŋ
旍 *ʔsleŋ
舲 *reːŋ
齡 *reːŋ
囹 *reːŋ
鴒 *reːŋ
蛉 *reːŋ
鈴 *reːŋ
苓 *reːŋ
伶 *reːŋ
泠 *reːŋ
瓴 *reːŋ
拎 *reːŋ
刢 *reːŋ
玲 *reːŋ
聆 *reːŋ
竛 *reːŋ
軨 *reːŋ
笭 *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
翎 *reːŋ
閝 *reːŋ
鹷 *reːŋ
昤 *reːŋ
駖 *reːŋ
彾 *reːŋ
呤 *reːŋ
狑 *reːŋ
秢 *reːŋ
岭 *reːŋ
紷 *reːŋ
砱 *reːŋ
羚 *reːŋ
姈 *reːŋ
蕶 *reːŋ
澪 *reːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). On the oracle bone script, only thick raindrops are depicted falling from the sky.

Etymology 1[edit]

Unclear. Schuessler (2007) proposes several possibilities:

Sense "zero" is introduced in 1248 by Chinese mathematician Li Ye.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ling4 - literary;
  • leng4, leng4-2 - vernacular (small remaining quantity).
Note:
  • len3 - literary;
  • liang3, liang3* - vernacular (small remaining quantity).
  • Gan
    • Note:
    • lin4 - literary;
    • liang4 - vernacular.
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • lêng - literary;
    • lân - vernacular (“fragmentary”).
    Note:
    • lêng5 - literary;
    • lang5 - vernacular (“fragmentary”).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 零 零
    Reading # 2/3 3/3
    Initial (聲) 來 (37) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 青 (125) 青 (125)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) IV IV
    Fanqie 郎丁切 郎定切
    Baxter leng lengH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/leŋ/ /leŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/leŋ/ /leŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/lɛŋ/ /lɛŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lɛjŋ/ /lɛjŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/leŋ/ /leŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/lieŋ/ /lieŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/lieŋ/ /lieŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		líng lìng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ling4 ling6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 零
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		líng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ leng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]ˁiŋ/
    English fall (v., of rain)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 零 零
    Reading # 2/3 3/3
    No. 8305 8331
    Phonetic
    component         		令 令
    Rime
    group         		耕 耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		靈 零
    Old
    Chinese         		/*reːŋ/ /*reːŋs/

    Definitions[edit]

    零

    1. fragmentary; scattered
      零星  ―  língxīng  ―  fragmentary
    2. fraction; remainder
    4. zero [from 1248]
      一減一等於零。／一减一等于零。  ―  Yī jiǎn yī děngyú líng.  ―  One minus one equals zero.
      三點零五分／三点零五分  ―  sān diǎn líng wǔ fēn  ―  three oh five
      七百零三  ―  qī bǎi líng sān  ―  seven hundred and three
      二零零一年  ―  èrlínglíngyī nián  ―  year 2001
      從零開始／从零开始  ―  cóng líng kāishǐ  ―  Start from scratch
      alt. forms: 〇
      Hypernyms: 實數／实数 (shíshù), 有理數／有理数 (yǒulǐshù), 整數／整数 (zhěngshù)
      Coordinate terms: 正數／正数 (zhèngshù), 負數／负数 (fùshù)
    5. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min Bei, Min Dong) Used after a number or a classifier to express a small remaining quantity.
      廿零蚊 [Cantonese]  ―  jaa6 leng4 man1 [Jyutping]  ―  twenty-something dollars
      分零兩分鐘／分零两分钟 [Cantonese]  ―  fan1 leng4 loeng5 fan1 zung1 [Jyutping]  ―  one to two minutes
      七十零 [Cantonese]  ―  cat1 sap6 leng4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  seventy-something
    6. (gay slang) bottom
      alt. forms: 0
    7. (obsolete) drizzle
    8. (of precipitation or tears) to fall
      感激涕零  ―  gǎnjītìlíng  ―  grateful to tears
    9. (of plants or flowers) to wither and fall
      凋零  ―  diāolíng  ―  to wither and fall
    10. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 零 (“zero”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 零, 洞 as a digit
    Mandarin Beijing 零
    Taiwan 零
    Harbin 零
    Yantai (Muping) 零
    Jinan 零
    Luoyang 零
    Xi'an 零
    Yinchuan 零
    Lanzhou 零
    Xining 零
    Ürümqi 零
    Wuhan 零
    Chengdu 零
    Guiyang 零
    Liuzhou 零
    Xuzhou 零
    Yangzhou 零
    Nanjing 零
    Malaysia 零
    Singapore 零
    Cantonese Guangzhou 零
    Hong Kong 零
    Macau 零
    Dongguan 零
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 零
    Singapore (Guangfu) 零
    Gan Lichuan 零
    Pingxiang 零
    Hakka Meixian 零
    Yudu 零
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 零
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 零
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 零
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 零
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 零
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 零
    Huizhou Jixi 零
    Jin Taiyuan 零
    Xinzhou 零
    Min Bei Jian'ou 零
    Min Dong Fuzhou 零, 環
    Min Nan Xiamen 空, 零
    Quanzhou 空
    Zhangzhou 空
    Taipei 空
    Kaohsiung 空
    Tainan 空
    Penang (Hokkien) 空
    Singapore (Hokkien) 空
    Manila (Hokkien) 空
    Chaozhou 空
    Shantou 空
    Singapore (Teochew) 空
    Batam (Teochew) 空
    Leizhou 零
    Wenchang 空, 零
    Haikou 空, 零
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 零
    Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 零
    Suzhou 零
    Hangzhou 零
    Ningbo 零
    Wenzhou 零
    Jinhua 零

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (零):
    • → Japanese: 零(れい) (rei)
    • → Korean: 령(零) (ryeong)
    • → Vietnamese: linh (零)

    Others:

    See also[edit]

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇, 零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)     		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 零
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 先 (85)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 落賢切
    Baxter len
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/len/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/len/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/lɛn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lɛn/
    Li
    Rong         		/len/
    Wang
    Li         		/lien/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/lien/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lián
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		lin4
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 零
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 8273
    Phonetic
    component         		令
    Rime
    group         		眞
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		蓮
    Old
    Chinese         		/*riːŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    零

    1. Only used in 先零／先零 and 西零／西零 (Xīlián).

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Japanese cardinal numbers
    0 1  > 
        Cardinal : 零

    Kanji[edit]

    零

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. spill
    2. zero

    Readings[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 零 (MC leŋ); compare Mandarin 零 (líng):

    From Middle Chinese 零 (MC len); compare Mandarin 零 (lián):

    From native Japanese roots:

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    零
    れい
    Grade: S
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 零 (MC leŋ) with an original meaning of a small rainfall. The character was later repurposed in 1248 by mathematician Li Ye to mean zero, extending from its a little bit (of rain) meaning to indicate a bit more remaining. In Li Ye's notation, a number like 302 would be represented as 三百零二, literally three hundred and remaining two, with the 零 character used as a means of skipping the tens place, by indicating zero tens.[1]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    零(れい) • (rei) 

    1. zero

    Numeral[edit]

    零(れい) • (rei) 

    1. zero
    Usage notes[edit]

    The 〇 spelling is more common in numeric notation.

    Proper noun[edit]

    零(れい) • (Rei) 

    1. a male given name

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    零
    こぼ(し)
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry.
    【零こぼし】
    [noun] a spill (implying intent or fault by someone)
    [noun] grumbling (as when one's emotions overflow)
    Alternative spellings
    零, 溢し, 翻し
    (This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    零
    こぼ(れ)
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry.
    【零こぼれ】
    [noun] a spill (implying a natural or unintended event)
    [noun] remainder, leftover
    Alternative spellings
    零, 翻れ
    (This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    零
    ぜろ
    Grade: S
    (ateji)
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry.
    【ゼロ】
    [numeral] zero (number)
    [numeral] (informal) Used to refer to something measurable being absent or missing.
    Alternative spellings
    零, 〇
    (This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1999, 「算木」を超えた男: もう一つの近代数学の誕生と関孝和 ("Sangi" o Koeta Otoko: Mō Hitotsu no Kindai Sūgaku no Tanjō to Seki Takakazu, “The Man Who Went Beyond 'Counting Sticks': The Birth of Another Modern Mathematics, and Seki Takakazu”) (in Japanese), Wang Qing-xiang, Tōkyō: Toyo Shoten, →ISBN
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN


    Japanese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Regular 零(れい) (rei)
    零(ゼロ) (zero)     		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
    四(し) (shi)     		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
    七(しち) (shichi)     		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
    九(く) (ku)     		十(じゅう) (jū)
    Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
    90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
    Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)     		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
    一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)     		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
    Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
    1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
    一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 零 (MC leŋ, leŋH).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    零 (eumhun 떨어질 령 (tteoreojil ryeong), South Korea 떨어질 영 (tteoreojil yeong))

    1. Hanja form? of 령/영 (“zero”).
    Compounds[edit]
    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 零 (MC len).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    零 (eumhun 종족 이름 련 (jongjok ireum ryeon), South Korea 종족 이름 연 (jongjok ireum yeon))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
    • Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    零: Hán Nôm readings: lênh, linh, rinh

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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