臨

See also: 临

臨	U+81E8, 臨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81E8

← 臧
[U+81E7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

臩 →
[U+81E9]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

臨 (radical 131, 臣+11, 17 strokes in Chinese, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸中人口口 (SLORR), four-corner 7876₆, composition ⿰臣⿱𠂉品)

Derived characters[edit]

瀶, 𠐼, 𡄦, 𤄈, 𮟤

References[edit]

KangXi: page 999, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30087
Dae Jaweon: page 1451, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2802, character 19
Unihan data for U+81E8

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (品) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
臨	b·rɯm, b·rɯms
瀶	*b·rɯm
品	*pʰrɯmʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *b·rɯm, *b·rɯms): semantic 臥 + phonetic 品 (OC *pʰrɯmʔ).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad.		臨
simp.		临

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lín (lin²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lìm
Min Dong (BUC): lìng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lîm / liâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): lim⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): lin (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lín
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˊ
  - Wade–Giles: lin²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lin
  - IPA ^(key): /lin³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lam⁴
  - Yale: làhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lem⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /lɐm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìm
  - Hakka Romanization System: limˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lim²
  - IPA: /lim¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lìng
  - IPA ^(key): /l̃iŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîm / liâm
  - Tâi-lô: lîm / liâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liim, liaam
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lim²⁴/, /liam²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lim²⁴/, /liam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lim¹³/, /liam¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lim²⁴/, /liam²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lim²³/, /liam²³/

Note:

lîm - literary;
liâm - vernacular (limited, e.g. 臨邊, 臨捷).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: lim⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lîm
- IPA ^(key): /lim⁵⁵/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: lin (T3)
- IPA ^(key): /lɪɲ²³/

Middle Chinese: /liɪm/▼

Rime
Character	臨
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力尋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/lim/
Shao Rongfen	/ljem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lim/
Li Rong	/liəm/
Wang Li	/lĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lín

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*(p.)rum/

(Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lín
Middle Chinese	‹ lim ›
Old Chinese	/*(p.)rum/
English	look down at
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臨
Reading #	1/2
No.	9801
Phonetic component	品
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	林
Old Chinese	/*b·rɯm/

Definitions[edit]

臨

to overlook; to look over
to come down; to descend
to arrive
to face; to border; to be adjacent to
to be faced with; to be confronted by
to copy; to trace
just before
19th hexagram of the I Ching
A surname.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 臨

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lìn (lin⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˋ
  - Wade–Giles: lin⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linn
  - IPA ^(key): /lin⁵¹/
  - File:zh-lìn.ogg
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lam⁶
  - Yale: lahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lem⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /lɐm²²/

Middle Chinese: /liɪm^H/▼

Rime
Character	臨
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	良鴆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lim^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ljem^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lim^H/
Li Rong	/liəm^H/
Wang Li	/lĭĕm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lìn

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臨
Reading #	2/2
No.	9803
Phonetic component	品
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	臨
Old Chinese	/*b·rɯms/

Definitions[edit]

臨

^† to mourn for a deceased person

Etymology 2[edit]

trad.		臨
simp.		临
variant forms		凜／凛斂／敛

Pronunciation[edit]

Min Nan (POJ): lím

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím
  - Tâi-lô: lím
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liem
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lim⁴¹/

Definitions[edit]

臨 (Hokkien)

close (to an edge)
to approach; to get close to; to be almost

Compounds[edit]

臨墘／临墘

臨肥／临肥

臨臨仔／临临仔

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Goon: りん (rin, Jōyō)^{←りん (rin, historical)}^{←りむ (rimu, ancient)}
Kan’on: りん (rin, Jōyō)^{←りん (rin, historical)}^{←りむ (rimu, ancient)}
Kun: のぞむ (nozomu, 臨む, Jōyō)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

臨 • (rim>im) (hangeul 림>임, revised rim>im, McCune–Reischauer rim>im, Yale lim>im)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

臨 (lâm, lom)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

臨

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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