臣

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See also: 巨
臣 U+81E3, 臣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81E3
← 臢
[U+81E2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 臤 →
[U+81E4]
⾂ U+2F82, ⾂
KANGXI RADICAL MINISTER
← ⾁
[U+2F81] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾃ →
[U+2F83]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
臣-order.gif
Stroke order
(Japan)
臣-jorder.gif
Stroke order
(cursive)
臣-cursive-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 131 臣

臣 (radical 131, 臣+0, 6 strokes in Chinese, 7 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸中尸中 (SLSL), four-corner 71717, composition ⿺⿳丅𠃍丅𠃊 or ⿷匚⿳丨コ丨 or ⿻巨⿱丨丨)

  1. Kangxi radical #131, ⾂.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 999, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30068
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1450, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2801, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+81E3

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 臣

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 臣
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script
臣-oracle.svg 臣-bronze.svg 臣-silk.svg 臣-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臤 *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔 *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳 *kʰriːn
藖 *ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅 *kiːn
鋻 *kiːn, *kiːns
鰹 *kiːn
蜸 *kʰiːnʔ
菣 *kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢 *ɡiːn
礥 *ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔 *ɡiːnʔ
挋 *kiŋs
臣 *ɡiŋ
茞 *ɡiŋ
腎 *ɡjinʔ
頣 *hŋiŋʔ
緊 *kinʔ
嚚 *ŋɡriŋ
鏗 *kʰreːŋ
摼 *kʰreːŋ
硻 *kʰreːŋ

Pictogram (象形) – A vertical eye of a man looking downwards. As the individual character it is used as a metaphor meaning “to surrender”, while the meaning relating to eyes appears when used as a radical, such as in 臨 (“to look down at”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 臣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 植鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑin/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 臣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chén
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/
English slave, subject

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 臣
Reading # 1/1
No. 1342
Phonetic
component 		臣
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		辰
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡiŋ/
Notes 甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴，
省戈表不刺者則爲臣，
專指役使於家內者

Definitions[edit]

臣

  1. minister; statesman; official
  2. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 臣

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

臣

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
臣
おみ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

/omi1/ *[omi] → /omi/ [omi]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

臣(おみ) • (omi) 

  1. one who serves a lord; a vassal, subject

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 臣 (MC d͡ʑiɪn). Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

臣 (eumhun 신하 신 (sinha sin))

  1. Hanja form? of 신 (“one who serves”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

臣: Hán Nôm readings: thần, thườn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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