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貞

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 贞
貞 U+8C9E, 貞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C9E
← 貝
[U+8C9D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 貟 →
[U+8C9F]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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貞 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+2, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 卜月山金 (YBUC), four-corner 21806, composition ⿱⺊貝)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1204, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36658
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1665, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3622, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8C9E

Chinese

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trad. 貞
simp. 贞
alternative forms 鼑
𠨀
𣦵
𭾛

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 貞
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j07326
b04791
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (貞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
偵 *rtaːŋs, *tʰeŋ, *tʰeŋs
幀 *rtɯːŋs
湞 *rdeːŋ, *teŋ
貞 *teŋ
楨 *teŋ
禎 *teŋ
赬 *tʰeŋ
遉 *tʰeŋs

Pictogram (象形) - a ding (oracle bone script , ; same as 鼎 (OC *kleːŋʔ)). Borrowed phonetically for “to divine”; however, bronze tripods in ancient China were sometimes used during rituals. Later, a new character was created by adding 卜 (“to divine”) as a radical, hence a semantic component, thus getting 鼑 (oracle bone script ; bronze script . The bottom component was stylized into the unrelated 貝 during the Warring States. Compare 𠟭 > 則.

Etymology

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Various comparisons have been proposed. Within Chinese, it has been compared to 偵 (OC *tʰeŋ, “to test; to detect”) (Schuessler, 2007), 正 (OC *tjeŋs, “correct; right”) (Sagart and Ma, 2020). Outside of Chinese, it has been compared to Tibetan དྲང་པོ (drang po, “straight”) (Sagart, 2020b).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 貞
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂən²¹/
/t͡sən²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂẽ²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂən³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sen³³/
Wenzhou /t͡seŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂən³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂən³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sən⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡seŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡seŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tiŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /teiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡seŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡seŋ²³/
Rime
Character 貞
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟盈切
Baxter trjeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈiᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈiɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶiæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈiajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ȶiɛŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭɛŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhēng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 貞 貞
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhēn zhēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ trjeng › ‹ trjeng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*treŋ/ /*treŋ/
English straight; correct divine (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 貞
Reading # 1/1
No. 17027
Phonetic
component 		貞
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		貞
Old
Chinese 		/*teŋ/
Notes 說文鼎省聲，甲文原假借鼎字

Definitions

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貞

  1. virtuous; chaste; pure
  2. loyal; faithful
    忠貞／忠贞  ―  zhōngzhēn  ―  loyal and steadfast
  3. (obsolete) to divine

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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貞

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. virtue, faithfulness, uprighteousness
  2. chastity

Readings

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  • Go-on: ちょう (chō)
  • Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
  • Kan’yō-on: じょう (jō)
  • Kun: ただしい (tadashii, 貞しい)
  • Nanori: さだ (sada)

Korean

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Etymology

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Recorded as Middle Korean 뎌ᇰ (tyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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貞 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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貞: Hán Việt readings: trinh[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
貞: Nôm readings: riêng[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], tranh[3][4], chênh[1], giêng[1], trênh[1], trinh[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of trinh (“(of a girl or woman) virgin”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of chênh (“tilted; unequal”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of giêng (“short for tháng giêng (“the first month of the lunar year”)”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of riêng (“private; personal”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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