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玉

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 王, 𤣩, 主, and 玊
玉 U+7389, 玉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7389
← 玈
[U+7388] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 玊 →
[U+738A]

⽟ U+2F5F, ⽟
KANGXI RADICAL JADE
← ⽞
[U+2F5E] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽠ →
[U+2F60]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order
(Chinese)
Stroke order
(Japan)

Alternative forms

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  • 𤣩 (When used as a radical component)

Han character

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See images of
Radical 96 玉

玉 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈 (MGI), four-corner 10103, composition ⿱一圡 or ⿷王丶)

  1. Kangxi radical #96, ⽟.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №6

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 726, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20821
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1135, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1100, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7389

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 玉
alternative forms 王
𤣩
𠀛

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (玉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
珏 *kŋroːɡ
砡 *ŋuɡ
匤 *kʰoɡ
玉 *ŋoɡ
鳿 *ŋoɡ
頊 *ŋoɡ, *hŋoɡ

The character's shape was historically very similar to 王; a dot was introduced to differentiate the two.

Pictogram (象形): a picture of a cong (琮), a sort of ritual jade totem.

It is also interpreted as three pieces of jade strung together on a string.

Etymology

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STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-lu(ŋ/k) (“stone”), which is also compared to 琭 (OC *roːɡ, “a kind of precious stone”) and 碭 (OC *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs, “brilliant veined stone”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • nguŏh - vernacular;
  • ngṳ̆k - literary.
Note:
  • ge̍k/gia̍k - vernacular;
  • gio̍k - literary.
Note:
  • rou6 - vernacular;
  • y4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 玉
Mandarin Beijing /y⁵¹/
Harbin /y⁵³/
Tianjin /y⁵³/
Jinan /y²¹/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /y³¹²/
Xi'an /y²¹/
Xining /y⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /y¹³/
Lanzhou /y¹³/
Ürümqi /y²¹³/
Wuhan /y³⁵/
Chengdu /y¹³/
Guiyang /i²¹³/
Kunming /i²¹²/
Nanjing /y⁴⁴/
Hefei /zz̩ʷ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /y⁴⁵/
Pingyao /y³⁵/
Hohhot /y⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ȵioʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵioʔ³/
Hangzhou /ȵioʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /y²²/
Tunxi /ȵy¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /y⁵⁵/
/ʐəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /y⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /y²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiuk̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jok̚²/
Nanning /juk̚²²/
Hong Kong /juk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giɔk̚⁵/
/gik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋuoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋy⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /gek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zi³³/
/zi³⁵/
Rime
Character 玉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚欲切
Baxter ngjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋuawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiok̚/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭwok̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		juk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 玉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ŋ](r)ok/ (< uvular?)
English jade

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 玉
Reading # 1/1
No. 15971
Phonetic
component 		玉
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		玉
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋoɡ/

Definitions

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玉

  1. jade (originally nephrite, now also including jadeite)
    一塊玉／一块玉 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 faai3 juk6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  a piece of jade
    玉佩  ―  yùpèi  ―  jaden pendant
    玉石俱焚  ―  yùshíjùfén  ―  the good and the bad perish together (literally, “jade and stone incinerated together”)
  2. pure; beautiful
    玉容  ―  yùróng  ―  beautiful face (of a woman)
    亭亭玉立  ―  tíngtíngyùlì  ―  slender and graceful (of a woman)
    錦衣玉食／锦衣玉食  ―  jǐnyīyùshí  ―  to live a luxurious life
  3. (honorific) your
    玉照  ―  yùzhào  ―  your photograph
  4. (Cantonese, borrowing) alternative form of 肉
    1. used in 玉冰燒
  5. a surname, Yu

Synonyms

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  • (jade): (Taiwanese Hokkien) 玉仔

Hyponyms

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  • (jade): 瓊／琼 (qióng, “precious jade, esp. red jade”)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (玉):
  • → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく) (gyoku)
  • → Korean: 옥(玉) (ok)
  • → Vietnamese: ngọc (玉)

Others:

References

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 玉 – see 鬱 (“lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick; depressed; gloomy; moody; etc.”).
(This character is the draft (1955) first-round simplified form of 鬱).
Notes:

Japanese

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Kanji

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玉

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. gem, jewel
  2. beauty, elegance
  3. euphemistic term related to an Emperor of Japan
  4. euphemistic term related to a partner
  5. geisha

Readings

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  • Go-on: ごく (goku)
  • Kan-on: ぎょく (gyoku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: たま (tama, 玉, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: おく (oku)、きよ (kiyo)、ひかる (hikaru)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
玉
たま
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Alternative forms

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  • 球 (especially preferred in baseball), 珠
  • (bullet): 弾
  • (gem): 璧

Pronunciation

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Noun

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玉(たま) • (tama) 

  1. any spherical or similarly-rounded object:
    1. a ball
    2. an orb
    3. a sphere
    4. a bead of an abacus
    5. lens
      Synonym: レンズ (renzu)
    6. a bullet
    7. an egg, especially of a chicken
      Synonyms: 鶏卵 (keiran); 卵, 玉子 (tamago)
  2. a gem, jewel
  3. an object of value
  4. a female entertainer (geisha, prostitute, etc.)
  5. (colloquial) short for 金玉 (kintama): testicles
Derived terms
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Derived terms
Descendants
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Counter

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玉(たま) • (-tama) 

  1. counter for ramen and udon for one person
    冷凍(れいとう)うどん1(ひと)玉(たま)
    reitō udon hito-tama
    one bowl of frozen udon
See also
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Prefix

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玉(たま) • (tama-) 

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Proper noun

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玉(たま) • (Tama) 

  1. a place name
  2. a female given name

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
玉
ぎょく
Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 玉 (MC ngjowk).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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玉(ぎょく) • (gyoku) 

  1. a gem, jewel
  2. generic name for jadeite or nephrite
  3. chicken eggs used as food, especially as a topping for sushi
    Synonym: 鶏卵 (keiran)
  4. a stock being traded
  5. short for 建て玉 (tategyoku): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  6. a geisha
    Synonym: 芸者 (geisha)
  7. short for 玉代 (gyokudai): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Derived terms
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Derived terms
Idioms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
玉
ぎょく
Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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玉(ぎょく) • (gyoku) 

  1. (shogi) king
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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玉 (eumhun 구슬 옥 (guseul ok))

  1. hanja form? of 옥 (“jade”) See there for further compounds.

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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玉: Hán Nôm readings: ngọc

  1. gem; precious stone

Derived terms

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