玉

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See also: 王, 𤣩, and 主
玉 U+7389, 玉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7389
← 玈
[U+7388] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 玊 →
[U+738A]
⽟ U+2F5F, ⽟
KANGXI RADICAL JADE
← ⽞
[U+2F5E] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽠ →
[U+2F60]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order
(Chinese)
Stroke order
(Japan)

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 𤣩 (When used as a radical component)

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 96 玉

玉 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈 (MGI), four-corner 10103, composition ⿱一圡 or ⿷王丶)

  1. Kangxi radical #96, ⽟.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №6

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 726, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20821
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1135, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1100, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7389

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 玉
alternative forms 王
𤣩
𠀛

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 玉
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Ming typeface
Characters in the same phonetic series (玉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
珏 *kŋroːɡ
砡 *ŋuɡ
匤 *kʰoɡ
玉 *ŋoɡ
鳿 *ŋoɡ
頊 *ŋoɡ, *hŋoɡ

The character's shape was historically very similar to 王; a dot was introduced to differentiate the two.

Pictogram (象形): a picture of a cong (琮), a sort of ritual jade totem.

It is also interpreted as three pieces of jade strung together on a string.

Etymology[edit]

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-lu(ŋ/k) (“stone”), which is also compared to 琭 (OC *roːɡ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • nguŏh - vernacular;
  • ngṳ̆k - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • ge̍k/gia̍k - vernacular;
    • gio̍k - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Note:
    • rou6 - vernacular;
    • y4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 玉
    Mandarin Beijing /y⁵¹/
    Harbin /y⁵³/
    Tianjin /y⁵³/
    Jinan /y²¹/
    Qingdao /y⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /y³¹²/
    Xi'an /y²¹/
    Xining /y⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /y¹³/
    Lanzhou /y¹³/
    Ürümqi /y²¹³/
    Wuhan /y³⁵/
    Chengdu /y¹³/
    Guiyang /i²¹³/
    Kunming /i²¹²/
    Nanjing /y⁴⁴/
    Hefei /zz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /y⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /y³⁵/
    Hohhot /y⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ȵioʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ȵioʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ȵioʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ȵo²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /y²²/
    Tunxi /ȵy¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /y⁵⁵/
    /ʐəu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /y⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /y²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /ŋiuk̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jok̚²/
    Nanning /juk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /juk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /giɔk̚⁵/
    /gik̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋuoʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋy⁴²/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /gek̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /zi³³/
    /zi³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 玉
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 鍾 (8)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 魚欲切
    Baxter ngjowk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋɨok̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋiok̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiok̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋuawk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋiok̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭwok̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋi̯wok̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		juk6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 玉
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjowk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ŋ](r)ok/ (< uvular?)
    English jade

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 玉
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15971
    Phonetic
    component         		玉
    Rime
    group         		屋
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		玉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋoɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    玉

    1. jade (originally nephrite, now also including jadeite)
    2. precious stone; gem
    3. pure; beautiful
    4. (honorific) your
    5. (Cantonese, borrowing) Alternative form of 肉 (ròu).
      1. Used in 玉冰燒.
    6. a surname: Yu

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (jade): (Taiwanese Hokkien) 玉仔

    Hyponyms[edit]

    • (jade): 瓊／琼 (qióng, “precious jade, esp. red jade”)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 玉

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (玉):
    • → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく) (gyoku)
    • → Korean: 옥(玉) (ok)
    • → Vietnamese: ngọc (玉)

    Others:

    References[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 玉 – see 鬱 (“lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick; various; abundant; profuse; etc.”).
    (This character, 玉, is the draft (1955) first-round simplified form of 鬱.)
    Notes:

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    玉

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. gem, jewel
    2. beauty, elegance
    3. euphemistic term related to an Emperor of Japan
    4. euphemistic term related to a partner
    5. geisha

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    玉
    たま
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese.

    Alternative forms[edit]

    • 球 (especially preferred in baseball), 珠
    • (bullet): 弾
    • (gem): 璧

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Counter[edit]

    玉(たま) • (-tama) 

    1. counter for ramen and udon for one person
      冷凍(れいとう)うどん1(ひと)玉(たま)
      reitō udon hito-tama
      one bowl of frozen udon
    See also[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    玉(たま) • (tama) 

    1. any spherical or similarly-rounded object:
      1. a ball
      2. a orb
      3. a sphere
      4. a bead of an abacus
      5. lens
        Synonym: レンズ (renzu)
      6. a bullet
      7. an egg, especially of a chicken
        Synonyms: 鶏卵 (keiran); 卵, 玉子 (tamago)
    2. a gem, jewel
    3. an object of value
    4. a female entertainer (geisha, prostitute, etc.)
    5. (colloquial) Short for 金玉 (kintama): testicles
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Descendants[edit]

    Prefix[edit]

    玉(たま) • (tama-) 

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Proper noun[edit]

    玉(たま) • (Tama) 

    1. a place name
    2. a female given name

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    玉
    ぎょく
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 玉 (MC ŋɨok̚).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    玉(ぎょく) • (gyoku) 

    1. a gem, jewel
    2. generic name for jadeite or nephrite
    3. chicken eggs used as food, especially as a topping for sushi
      Synonym: 鶏卵 (keiran)
    4. a stock being traded
    5. Short for 建て玉 (tategyoku): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    6. a geisha
      Synonym: 芸者 (geisha)
    7. Short for 玉代 (gyokudai): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Idioms[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    玉
    ぎょく
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    玉(ぎょく) • (gyoku) 

    1. (shogi) king
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    玉 (eumhun 구슬 옥 (guseul ok))

    1. Hanja form? of 옥 (“jade”). See there for further compounds.

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    玉: Hán Nôm readings: ngọc

    1. gem; precious stone

    Derived terms[edit]

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