冷凍

See also: 冷冻

Chinese

		cold	to freeze
trad. (冷凍)		冷	凍
simp. (冷冻)		冷	冻

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lěngdòng

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): laang⁵ dung³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): léng-tòng
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶lan-ton₅

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lěngdòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lěngdòng
    • Wade–Giles: lêng³-tung⁴
    • Yale: lěng-dùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leengdonq
    • Palladius: лэндун (lɛndun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: laang⁵ dung³
    • Yale: láahng dung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laang⁵ dung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: lang⁵ dung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːŋ¹³ tʊŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: léng-tòng
    • Tâi-lô: líng-tòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lefngdoxng
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶lan-ton₅
    • MiniDict: lan^去 ton^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lan-ton₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lã²² toŋ⁴⁴/

Verb

冷凍

1. to freeze; to deep-freeze; to refrigerate

   冷凍機房／冷冻机房  ―  lěngdòng jīfáng  ―  refrigeration room

   人體冷凍技術／人体冷冻技术  ―  réntǐ lěngdòng jìshù  ―  cryonics

Derived terms

• 冷凍劑 / 冷冻剂 (lěngdòngjì)
• 冷凍室 / 冷冻室 (lěngdòngshì)
• 冷凍庫 / 冷冻库 (lěngdòngkù)
• 冷凍機 / 冷冻机 (lěngdòngjī)
• 冷凍食品 / 冷冻食品 (lěngdòng shípǐn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
冷	凍
れい Grade: 4	とう Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) れーとー [rèétóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ːto̞ː]

Noun

冷(れい)凍(とう) • (reitō) 

1. freezing
2. refrigeration

Verb

冷(れい)凍(とう)する • (reitō suru) transitive suru (stem 冷(れい)凍(とう)し (reitō shi), past 冷(れい)凍(とう)した (reitō shita))

1. to freeze
2. to refrigerate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "冷凍する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	冷凍し	れいとうし	reitō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	冷凍し	れいとうし	reitō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	冷凍する	れいとうする	reitō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	冷凍する	れいとうする	reitō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	冷凍すれ	れいとうすれ	reitō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	冷凍せよ¹ 冷凍しろ²	れいとうせよ¹ れいとうしろ²	reitō seyo¹ reitō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	冷凍される	れいとうされる	reitō sareru
Causative	冷凍させる 冷凍さす	れいとうさせる れいとうさす	reitō saseru reitō sasu
Potential	冷凍できる	れいとうできる	reitō dekiru
Volitional	冷凍しよう	れいとうしよう	reitō shiyō
Negative	冷凍しない	れいとうしない	reitō shinai
Negative continuative	冷凍せず	れいとうせず	reitō sezu
Formal	冷凍します	れいとうします	reitō shimasu
Perfective	冷凍した	れいとうした	reitō shita
Conjunctive	冷凍して	れいとうして	reitō shite
Hypothetical conditional	冷凍すれば	れいとうすれば	reitō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

See also

• 冷蔵(れいぞう) (reizō, “refrigeration”)

References

• “冷凍”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
冷	凍

Noun

冷凍 • (naengdong) (hangeul 냉동)

1. hanja form^? of 냉동 (“freezing”)