冷

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冷 U+51B7, 冷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B7
← 冶
[U+51B6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 冸 →
[U+51B8]
冷 U+F92E, 冷
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92E
← 來
[U+F92D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勞 →
[U+F92F]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
7 strokes
Traditional 冷
Simplified 冷
Japanese 冷
Korean 冷

Han character[edit]

冷 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈一人戈戈 (IMOII), four-corner 38127, composition ⿰冫令)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 132, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1622
  • Dae Jaweon: page 295, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 296, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+51B7

Chinese[edit]

trad. 冷
simp. # 冷

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 冷
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
冷-seal.svg 冷-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
令 *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜 *riːn, *reːŋ
零 *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿 *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ
命 *mreŋs
冷 *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉 *reŋ, *reːŋ
嶺 *reŋʔ
領 *reŋʔ
阾 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
柃 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
袊 *reŋʔ
詅 *reŋs, *reːŋ
旍 *ʔsleŋ
舲 *reːŋ
齡 *reːŋ
囹 *reːŋ
鴒 *reːŋ
蛉 *reːŋ
鈴 *reːŋ
苓 *reːŋ
伶 *reːŋ
泠 *reːŋ
瓴 *reːŋ
拎 *reːŋ
刢 *reːŋ
玲 *reːŋ
聆 *reːŋ
竛 *reːŋ
軨 *reːŋ
笭 *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
翎 *reːŋ
閝 *reːŋ
鹷 *reːŋ
昤 *reːŋ
駖 *reːŋ
彾 *reːŋ
呤 *reːŋ
狑 *reːŋ
秢 *reːŋ
岭 *reːŋ
紷 *reːŋ
砱 *reːŋ
羚 *reːŋ
姈 *reːŋ
蕶 *reːŋ
澪 *reːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) – cold as ice.

Etymology 1[edit]

A vocalic variant of 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ, “chilly; cold”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 冷
Mandarin Beijing /ləŋ²¹⁴/
Harbin /ləŋ²¹³/
Tianjin /ləŋ¹³/
Jinan /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ləŋ⁵³/
Xi'an /ləŋ⁵³/
Xining /lə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /ləŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lə̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /lɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən⁴²/
Chengdu /nən⁵³/
Guiyang /nen⁴²/
Kunming /lə⁵³̃/
Nanjing /lən²¹²/
Hefei /lən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ləŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /ləŋ⁵³/
/liɑ⁵³/
Hohhot /lə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /lã²³/
Suzhou /lã³¹/
Hangzhou /len⁵³/
Wenzhou /liɛ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃³⁵/
/lɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /lɛ²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lən⁴¹/
Xiangtan /nən⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /lɑŋ²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /laŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /lɑŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /laŋ²³/
Nanning /laŋ²⁴/
Hong Kong /laŋ¹³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liŋ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /lɛiŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /laiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /nẽ⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /leŋ²¹³/
/lɛ²¹³/
/lɛ³¹/ 晾乾
Rime
Character 冷 冷
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 庚 (109) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II IV
Fanqie 魯打切 力鼎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lˠæŋX/ /leŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lᵚaŋX/ /leŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/laŋX/ /lɛŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/laɨjŋX/ /lɛjŋX/
Li
Rong 		/lɐŋX/ /leŋX/
Wang
Li 		/lɐŋX/ /lieŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lɐŋX/ /lieŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lěng lǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lang5 ling5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冷
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lěng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lengX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁeŋʔ/
English cold

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冷 冷
Reading # 1/3 3/3
No. 8276 8330
Phonetic
component 		令 令
Rime
group 		陽 耕
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		冷 笭
Old
Chinese 		/*raːŋʔ/ /*reːŋʔ/
Definitions[edit]

冷

  1. cold; cool
    寒冷  ―  hánlěng  ―  cold
    冷水  ―  lěngshuǐ  ―  cold water
  2. (dialectal) to cool; to cool down; to become cold
  3. cold; desolate; quiet
  4. cold; indifferent
  5. to dishearten
  6. idle
  7. disdainful; sarcastic
  8. neglected; not popular
    冷門 / 冷门  ―  lěngmén  ―  unpopular
  9. unfamiliar; rare
    冷僻  ―  lěngpì  ―  rare
  10. corny; lame
  11. sudden; unexpected
  12. a surname.

Synonyms[edit]

  • (cold):
Dialectal synonyms of 冷 (“cold”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冷, 寒冷 weather
Mandarin Beijing 冷
Taiwan 冷
Muping 冷
Jinan 冷
Luoyang 冷
Wanrong 冷
Xi'an 冷
Yinchuan 冷
Wuhan 冷, 冷凊 weather
Chengdu 冷, 凊 very cold
Guilin 冷
Liuzhou 冷, 凊
Yangzhou 冷
Hefei 冷
Singapore 冷
Cantonese Guangzhou 凍, 冷
Hong Kong 凍, 冷 weather
Taishan 冷
Yangjiang 凍, 冷 weather
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 凍
Singapore (Guangfu) 凍
Gan Nanchang 冷
Lichuan 冷
Hakka Meixian 冷
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 冷, 寒
Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 冷, 寒人
Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 冷
Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 冷, 寒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 冷, 寒
Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 冷, 寒
Huizhou Jixi 冷, 凍
Jin Taiyuan 冷
Min Bei Jian'ou 凊, 鎮 very cold
Min Dong Fuzhou 凊, 凍
Min Nan Xiamen 冷, 凊, 寒 weather
Quanzhou 冷, 凊, 寒
Shishi 寒
Zhangzhou 冷, 凊, 寒
Zhao'an 寒
Dongshan 寒
Taipei 冷, 凊, 寒
Penang (Hokkien) 冷, 寒, 凊
Singapore (Hokkien) 冷, 寒 weather
Manila (Hokkien) 冷, 寒, 凊
Chaozhou 凝, 寒 weather, 凊
Shantou 凝, 寒, 凊, 冷
Shantou (Chenghai) 凝, 凊
Shantou (Chaoyang) 凝
Jieyang 凝, 凊
Singapore (Teochew) 凝
Wenchang 寒
Qionghai 寒
Singapore (Hainanese) 凊, 寒 weather
Wu Shanghai 冷
Shanghai (Chongming) 冷
Suzhou 冷, 凍 weather
Danyang 冷
Hangzhou 冷
Ningbo 冷
Wenzhou 冷, 凍
Jinhua 冷
Xiang Changsha 冷, 凊 very cold
Shuangfeng 冷, 凊 very cold
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 冷

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 冷
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 郎丁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/leŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/leŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛjŋ/
Li
Rong 		/leŋ/
Wang
Li 		/lieŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lieŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		líng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ling4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冷
Reading # 2/3
No. 8317
Phonetic
component 		令
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		靈
Old
Chinese 		/*reːŋ/
Notes 冷凙
Definitions[edit]

冷

  1. Only used in 冷凙／冷𪞝.

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Definitions[edit]

冷

  1. Only used in 㓑冷.

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from French laine (“wool”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

冷

  1. (Cantonese) woollen yarn (Classifier: 條／条; 嚿)
Compounds[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Borrowed from Teochew 儂 (nang5, “person”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

冷

  1. (Cantonese, slang, humorous) guy; person (Classifier: 條／条)
  2. (Cantonese) Used in words related to Teochew people.
    冷話 / 冷话 [Cantonese]  ―  laang5-1 waa6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  Teochew language

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

冷

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. cool
  2. cold (beer, person)
  3. chill

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
冷
ひや
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 冷 – see the following entry.
【ひや】
[noun] cold drinking water
Alternative spellings
冷や, 冷
(This term, 冷, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

冷 (eumhun 찰 랭 (chal raeng), South Korea 찰 냉 (chal naeng))

  1. Hanja form? of 랭 (“cold”).
  2. Hanja form? of 냉 (“cold (South Korea)”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

冷: Hán Việt readings: lãnh[1]
冷: Nôm readings: linh[2], liểng[2], lành[3], lãnh[2], lênh[2], lạnh[4], lảnh[3], rãnh[2], rảnh[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of lãnh (“cold; neglected”).
  2. chữ Hán form of lạnh (“cold”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Trần (1999).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Hồ (1976).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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