冷

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冷 U+51B7, 冷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B7
← 冶
[U+51B6]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 冸 →
[U+51B8]
冷 U+F92E, 冷
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92E
← 來
[U+F92D]		 CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勞 →
[U+F92F]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character[edit]

冷 (radical 15 冫+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈一人戈戈 (IMOII), four-corner 38127, composition ⿰冫令)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 132, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1622
  • Dae Jaweon: page 295, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 296, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+51B7

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 冷

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 冷
Large seal script Small seal script
冷-bigseal.svg 冷-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
令 *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜 *riːn, *reːŋ
零 *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿 *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ
命 *mreŋs
冷 *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉 *reŋ, *reːŋ
嶺 *reŋʔ
領 *reŋʔ
阾 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
柃 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
袊 *reŋʔ
詅 *reŋs, *reːŋ
旍 *ʔsleŋ
舲 *reːŋ
齡 *reːŋ
囹 *reːŋ
鴒 *reːŋ
蛉 *reːŋ
鈴 *reːŋ
苓 *reːŋ
伶 *reːŋ
泠 *reːŋ
瓴 *reːŋ
拎 *reːŋ
刢 *reːŋ
玲 *reːŋ
聆 *reːŋ
竛 *reːŋ
軨 *reːŋ
笭 *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
翎 *reːŋ
閝 *reːŋ
鹷 *reːŋ
昤 *reːŋ
駖 *reːŋ
彾 *reːŋ
呤 *reːŋ
狑 *reːŋ
秢 *reːŋ
岭 *reːŋ
紷 *reːŋ
砱 *reːŋ
羚 *reːŋ
姈 *reːŋ
蕶 *reːŋ
澪 *reːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) – cold as ice.

Etymology 1[edit]

A vocalic variant of 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs, “chilly; cold”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 冷
Mandarin Beijing /ləŋ²¹⁴/
Harbin /ləŋ²¹³/
Tianjin /ləŋ¹³/
Jinan /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ləŋ⁵³/
Xi'an /ləŋ⁵³/
Xining /lə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /ləŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lə̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /lɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən⁴²/
Chengdu /nən⁵³/
Guiyang /nen⁴²/
Kunming /lə̃/
Nanjing /lən²¹²/
Hefei /lən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ləŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /ləŋ⁵³/
/liɑ⁵³/
Hohhot /lə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /lã²³/
Suzhou /lã³¹/
Hangzhou /len⁵³/
Wenzhou /liɛ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃³⁵/
/lɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /lɛ²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lən⁴¹/
Xiangtan /nən⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /lɑŋ²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /laŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /lɑŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /laŋ²³/
Nanning /laŋ²⁴/
Hong Kong /laŋ¹³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liŋ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /lɛiŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /laiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /nẽ⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /leŋ²¹³/
/lɛ²¹³/
/lɛ³¹/ 晾乾
Rime
Character 冷 冷
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 庚 (109) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II IV
Fanqie 魯打切 力鼎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lˠæŋX/ /leŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lᵚaŋX/ /leŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /laŋX/ /lɛŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /laɨjŋX/ /lɛjŋX/
Li
Rong		 /lɐŋX/ /leŋX/
Wang
Li		 /lɐŋX/ /lieŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /lɐŋX/ /lieŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lěng lǐng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冷 冷
Reading # 1/3 3/3
No. 8276 8330
Phonetic
component		 令 令
Rime
group		 陽 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 冷 笭
Old
Chinese		 /*raːŋʔ/ /*reːŋʔ/
Definitions[edit]

冷

  1. cold; cool
  2. (dialectal) to cool; to cool down; to become cold
  3. cold; desolate; quiet
  4. cold; indifferent
  5. to dishearten
  6. idle
  7. disdainful; sarcastic
  8. neglected; not popular
  9. unfamiliar; rare
  10. corny; lame
  11. sudden; unexpected
  12. A surname​.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 冷 (“cold”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冷
Mandarin Beijing 冷
Taiwan 冷
Jinan 冷
Xi'an 冷
Wuhan 冷、冷凊
Chengdu 冷、凊
Yangzhou 冷
Hefei 冷
Cantonese Guangzhou 凍、冷
Hong Kong 凍、冷
Taishan 冷
Yangjiang 凍、冷
Gan Nanchang 冷
Hakka Meixian 冷
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 冷、寒
Liudui (S. Sixian) 冷、寒人
Hsinchu (Hailu) 冷
Dongshi (Dabu) 冷、寒
Zhuolan (Raoping) 冷、寒
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 冷、寒
Jin Taiyuan 冷
Min Bei Jian'ou 凊、鎮
Min Dong Fuzhou 凊、凍
Min Nan Xiamen 冷、凊、寒
Quanzhou 冷、凊、寒
Zhangzhou 冷、凊、寒
Taipei 冷、凊、寒
Chaozhou 凝、寒
Shantou 凝、寒
Wu Suzhou 冷
Wenzhou 冷、凍
Xiang Changsha 冷、凊
Shuangfeng 冷、凊
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 冷

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 冷
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 郎丁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /leŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /leŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lɛŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lɛjŋ/
Li
Rong		 /leŋ/
Wang
Li		 /lieŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /lieŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 líng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冷
Reading # 2/3
No. 8317
Phonetic
component		 令
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 靈
Old
Chinese		 /*reːŋ/
Notes 冷凙
Definitions[edit]

冷

  1. Only used in 冷凙.

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Definitions[edit]

冷

  1. Only used in 㓑冷.

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from French laine (“wool”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

冷

  1. (Cantonese) woollen yarn (Classifier: 條／条; 嚿)
Compounds[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Borrowed from Teochew 儂 (nang5, “person”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

冷

  1. (Cantonese, slang, humorous) guy; person (Classifier: 條／条)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

冷

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

冷 • (raeng>naeng) (hangeul 랭>냉, McCune-Reischauer raeng>naeng)

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Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

冷 (lãnh, lạnh, lênh, liểng, linh, rãnh, lành, lảnh, rảnh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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