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涼

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 凉

涼 U+6DBC, 涼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DBC
← 涻
[U+6DBB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 涽 →
[U+6DBD]

Translingual

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Han character

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涼 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 水卜口火 (EYRF), four-corner 30196, composition ⿰氵京)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 628, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17606
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1030, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1657, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6DBC

Chinese

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trad. 涼/凉
simp. 凉
alternative forms 鿌

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 涼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (京) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涼 *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs
凉 *ɡ·raŋ
椋 *ɡ·raŋ
綡 *ɡ·raŋ
輬 *ɡ·raŋ
諒 *ɡ·raŋs
掠 *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raɡ
弶 *ɡaŋs
京 *kraŋ
麖 *kraŋ
鶁 *kraŋ
景 *kraŋʔ
鯨 *ɡraŋ
黥 *ɡraŋ
勍 *ɡraŋ
剠 *ɡraŋ
倞 *ɡraŋs
影 *qraŋʔ
璟 *qraŋʔ, *kʷraŋʔ
憬 *kʷraŋʔ
暻 *kʷraŋʔ
澋 *ɡʷraːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-glak ~ m-glaŋ (“cold; freeze”). Cognate with 霜 (OC *sraŋ, “frost”), Tibetan གྲང་ (grang, “cold”). According to Schuessler (2007), this etymon seems to have a wider distribution: Compare Austroasiatic Kharia raŋga (“cold; freeze”), Khmer រងា (rɔngiə, “cold”).

A derivative is probably 凔 (OC *sʰaːŋ, “cold”). A vocalic variant is 冷 (OC *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ, “cold”).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • nieo2/niu2 - vernacular;
  • lyorng2/lyoeng2 - literary.
Note:
  • liâng - literary (cool, free from worry, heat-preventing in Zhangzhou);
  • liông - literary (heat-preventing in Quanzhou and Xiamen);
  • niû/niô͘ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 涼
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 呂章切
Baxter ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/liaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/lĭaŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/li̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		liáng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		loeng4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 涼
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		liáng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.raŋ/
English cold

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 涼
Reading # 1/3
No. 6818
Phonetic
component 		京
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡ·raŋ/

Definitions

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涼

  1. cool; cold
  2. discouraged; disheartened
  3. forlorn
  4. (traditional Chinese medicine) heat-preventing
  5. (slang, neologism) be done for; be finished or destroyed; gone for the dogs; curtains (for someone)
    都散了吧，Flash平臺已涼！ [MSC, trad.]
    都散了吧，Flash平台已凉！ [MSC, simp.]
    Dōu sàn le ba, Flash píngtái yǐ liáng! [Pinyin]
    [Let's] all go away; the Flash platform is already dead!
    作為手機系統的webOS早就涼透了！ [MSC, trad.]
    作为手机系统的webOS早就凉透了！ [MSC, simp.]
    Zuòwéi shǒujī xìtǒng de webOS zǎojiù liáng tòu le! [Pinyin]
    As a phone OS, webOS is long since thoroughly dead!
  6. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) free from worry; congenial
  7. (Cantonese) to get cool (from a fan or an aircon)
See also
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  • 冷 (lěng, “cold”)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 涼
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力讓切
Baxter ljangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɨaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/liaŋH/
Wang
Li 		/lĭaŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/li̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		liàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		loeng6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 涼
Reading # 2/3
No. 6824
Phonetic
component 		京
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		亮
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡ·raŋs/

Definitions

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涼

  1. to allow (a hot object) to cool by letting it sit for a while
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to assist

References

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Japanese

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Alternative forms

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Kanji in this term
涼
りょう
Grade: S
on'yomi

Kanji

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涼

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. cool, refreshing
  2. lonely, desolate

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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/rɨau/ → /rjau/ → /rjɔː/ → /rjoː/

From Middle Chinese 涼 (MC ljang|ljangH).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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涼(りょう) • (ryō) ←りやう (ryau)?

  1. cool breeze; refreshing coolness

Derived terms

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Proper noun

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涼(りょう) • (Ryō) ←りやう (Ryau)?

  1. (historical) Liang, name of five of the Sixteen Kingdoms:
    1. 前涼 (Zenryō, “Former Liang”, 320–376 CE)
    2. 後涼 (Kōryō, Goryō, “Later Liang”, 386–403 CE)
    3. 南涼 (Nanryō, “Southern Liang”, 397–414 CE)
    4. 北涼 (Hokuryō, “Northern Liang”, 397–439 CE)
    5. 西涼 (Seiryō, “Western Liang”, 400–421 CE)
  2. a female given name

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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涼 (eumhun 서늘할 량 (seoneulhal ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 서늘할 양 (seoneulhal yang))

  1. hanja form? of 량/양 (“cool, cold”)
  2. hanja form? of 량/양 (“disheartened”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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涼: Hán Nôm readings: lương, ghềnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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