散

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散 U+6563, 散
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6563
← 敢
[U+6562] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 敤 →
[U+6564]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

散 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿月人大 (TBOK), four-corner 48240, composition ⿰⿱龷月攵)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 472, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13265
  • Dae Jaweon: page 825, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1465, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+6563

Chinese[edit]

trad. 散
simp. # 散
alternative forms 㪚

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 散
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (散) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
散 *saːnʔ, *saːns
糤 *saːnʔ
繖 *saːnʔ, *saːns
饊 *saːnʔ
鏾 *saːnʔ
潸 *sraːn, *sraːnʔ
霰 *sqʰeːns
撒 *saːd

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 竹 (“bamboo”) + 攴 (“to knock, to tap”) – to smash bamboos.

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːnʔ, *saːns): semantic 肉 + phonetic 𢽳 ().

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjwar ~ g/b-sjwa-n/t (“flow; pour; scatter; spill; sow; broadcast”). Cognate with 撒 (OC *saːd, “to cast away; to let go”), 宣 (OC *sqʰon, “to spread; to proclaim”), Tibetan འཆོར་བ ('chor ba, “to escape; to flow out”), Burmese သွန် (swan, “to pour out; to spill”), Lahu šē (“to sow; to broadcast”), Lahu šêʔ (“to pour; to spill; to disperse; to sow; to broadcast”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • sóaⁿ - vernacular;
  • sán - literary.
Note: suan2 - “medicine in powdered form”.
Rime
Character 散
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇旱切
Baxter sanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sanX/
Li
Rong 		/sɑnX/
Wang
Li 		/sɑnX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/sɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saan2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 散
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sanX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]ˁa[n]ʔ/
English scattered (adj.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 散
Reading # 1/2
No. 10967
Phonetic
component 		散
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		散
Old
Chinese 		/*saːnʔ/
Notes 說文左上從林

Definitions[edit]

散

  1. free and unfettered
  2. natural and restrained; at ease
  3. loose; free
  4. to become loose; to break apart; to fall apart
  5. scattered; fragmentary; odd; apart
  6. mixed and disorderly; miscellaneous
  7. (literature) free from parallelism
  8. careless; incautious; inattentive
  9. ordinary; useless
  10. (traditional Chinese medicine) medicine in powder form

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note:
  • sòaⁿ - vernacular;
  • sàn - literary (courageous, to stroll, to induce sweat, poor).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 散
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 蘇旰切
    Baxter sanH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɑnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sɑnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sɑnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/sɑnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/sɑnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/sɑnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		sàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		saan3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 散
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		sàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sanH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mə-sˁa[n]ʔ-s/
    English scatter (v.t.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 散
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10972
    Phonetic
    component         		散
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		繖
    Old
    Chinese         		/*saːns/

    Definitions[edit]

    散

    1. to break up; to disperse; to scatter
    2. to distribute; to disseminate
    3. to open; to open wide
    4. to dissipate; to distract; to find diversion
    5. to run away; to escape; to flee
    6. to express; to declare; to explain
    7. to end; to finish; to be over
    8. to lose; to miss
    9. to herd; to graze; to walk (animals)
    10. chaotic; helter-skelter
    11. (Hokkien) to induce sweat
    12. (Mainland China Hokkien) courageous; fearless
    13. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippines Hokkien) to stroll; to saunter; to go for a walk
    14. (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) poor

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (poor):

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    散

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. scatter

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    散 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    散: Hán Nôm readings: tản, tảng, tan, tởn, tán

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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