散

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散 U+6563, 散
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6563
← 敢
[U+6562] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 敤 →
[U+6564]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

散 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿月人大 (TBOK), four-corner 48240, composition ⿰⿱龷月攵)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 472, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13265
  • Dae Jaweon: page 825, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1465, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+6563

Chinese[edit]

trad. 散
simp. # 散
alternative forms 㪚

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 散
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions
散-bronze.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (散) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
散 *saːnʔ, *saːns
糤 *saːnʔ
繖 *saːnʔ, *saːns
饊 *saːnʔ
鏾 *saːnʔ
潸 *sraːn, *sraːnʔ
霰 *sqʰeːns
撒 *saːd

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 竹 (“bamboo”) + 攴 (“to knock, to tap”) – to smash bamboos.

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *saːnʔ, *saːns): semantic 肉 + phonetic 𢽳 ().

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjwar ~ g/b-sjwa-n/t (“flow; pour; scatter; spill; sow; broadcast”). Cognate with 撒 (OC *saːd, “to cast away; to let go”), 宣 (OC *sqʰon, “to spread; to proclaim”), Tibetan འཆོར་བ ('chor ba, “to escape; to flow out”), Burmese သွန် (swan, “to pour out; to spill”), Lahu šē (“to sow; to broadcast”), Lahu šêʔ (“to pour; to spill; to disperse; to sow; to broadcast”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • sóaⁿ - vernacular;
  • sán - literary.
Note: suan2 - “medicine in powdered form”.
Rime
Character 散
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇旱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sanX/
Li
Rong 		/sɑnX/
Wang
Li 		/sɑnX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/sɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saan2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 散
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sanX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]ˁa[n]ʔ/
English scattered (adj.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 散
Reading # 1/2
No. 10967
Phonetic
component 		散
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		散
Old
Chinese 		/*saːnʔ/
Notes 說文左上從林

Definitions[edit]

散

  1. free and unfettered
  2. natural and restrained; at ease
  3. loose; free
  4. to become loose; to break apart; to fall apart
  5. scattered; fragmentary; odd; apart
  6. mixed and disorderly; miscellaneous
  7. (literature) free from parallelism
  8. careless; incautious; inattentive
  9. ordinary; useless
  10. (traditional Chinese medicine) medicine in powder form

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 散

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note:
  • sòaⁿ - vernacular;
  • sàn - literary (courageous, to stroll, to induce sweat, poor).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 散
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 蘇旰切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɑnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sɑnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sɑnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/sɑnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/sɑnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/sɑnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		sàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		saan3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 散
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		sàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sanH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mə-sˁa[n]ʔ-s/
    English scatter (v.t.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 散
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10972
    Phonetic
    component         		散
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		繖
    Old
    Chinese         		/*saːns/

    Definitions[edit]

    散

    1. to break up; to disperse; to scatter
    2. to distribute; to disseminate
    3. to open; to open wide
    4. to dissipate; to distract; to find diversion
    5. to run away; to escape; to flee
    6. to express; to declare; to explain
    7. to end; to finish; to be over
    8. to lose; to miss
    9. to herd; to graze; to walk (animals)
    10. chaotic; helter-skelter
    11. (Hokkien) to induce sweat
    12. (Mainland China Hokkien) courageous; fearless
    13. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippines Hokkien) to stroll; to saunter; to go for a walk
    14. (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) poor

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (poor):
    edit
    Synonyms of 散

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 散

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    散

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. scatter

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    散 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    散: Hán Nôm readings: tản, tảng, tan, tởn, tán

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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