bara

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bara"

English

Etymology

Short for barazoku, from Japanese 薔薇族 (barazoku, literally “rose tribe”), the name of Japan's first modern gay men's magazine, named after a post-World War II term for gay men.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑːɹə/, /ˈbæɹə/
• Rhymes: -ɑːɹə, -æɹə

Noun

bara (uncountable)

1. (Internet slang) A genre of homoerotic media, usually manga and often pornographic, made by gay men for gay men in Japan.
2. (Internet slang) Gay male media of a similar style and aesthetic, regardless of the creator's gender or ethnicity.
3. (Internet slang) Any homoerotic media or pornography that accentuates macho masculinity; gay porn.

Usage notes

• The term barazoku was once relatively more common in the Japanese gay community (the magazine Barazoku starting publication in 1971), but has long since gone out of fashion in Japan, having been replaced by terms like ガチムチ (gachimuchi).
• The term bara often contrasts with yaoi, which is gay male media usually made by heterosexual women to appeal to other heterosexual women. Whereas bara typically emphasizes masculine homoeroticism and frank explicit sexual situations, yaoi typically emphasizes the androgynous bishonen aesthetic and depicts emotional romantic relationships.

Anagrams

• Abar, Abra, Arab, Baar, Raab, abra, arba

Afar

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baˈra/, [bʌˈɾʌ]
• Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun

bará f 

1. sake

Declension

Declension of bará
absolutive	bará
predicative	bará
subjective	bará
genitive	bará
Postpositioned forms l-case barál k-case barák t-case barát h-case baráh

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbara/, [ˈbʌɾʌ]
• Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun

bára

1. predicative of bár

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 68
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Welsh bara, Old Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰars- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑː.ra/

Noun

bara m (plural baraioù)

1. bread

Inflection

  Mutation of bara  

Breton consonant mutation
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	bara	vara	unchanged	para
plural	baraioù	varaioù	unchanged	paraioù

Derived terms

• bara amanenn
• bara an aelez
• bara an aoter
• bara ar Rouanez
• bara brizh
• bara du
• bara gwenn
• bara krazet
• bara-an-evn
• bara-an-hoc'h
• bara-an-ozhac'h-kozh
• bara-choanenn
• bara-chokolad
• bara-gad
• bara-gavr
• bara-kann
• bara-koukoug
• bara-laezh
• bara-ludu
• bara-mel
• bara-mor
• bara-oaled
• bara-rezin
• bara-tiegezh
• baraa
• baraek
• baraenn
• baraer
• baraerezh
• baraiñ

 

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun

bara

1. a yard; a unit of length equal to 3 feet

Dutch

Etymology

From Caribbean Hindustani baara, from Hindi बार (bār).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbaːˌraː/

• (file)

• Hyphenation: ba‧ra
• Rhymes: -aː

Noun

bara m (plural bara's)

1. (Suriname) a deep-fried doughnut-shaped snack made of mung bean flour
   • 2021 July 4, “Gezellige sfeer bij vaccinatie in PL-centrum [Congenial atmosphere at vaccination drive at PL party centre]”, in StarNieuws‎^[2], retrieved 7 December 2022:

     Uit enkele speakers dendert soca en zouk muziek^[sic]. In de lucht hangt de geur van versgebakken bara's en kip.

     Soca and zouk music thumps from a couple of loudspeakers. The smell of freshly fried baras and chicken wafts through the air.

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛaːɹa/
• Rhymes: -ɛaːɹa
• Homophones: barað, bæra

Etymology 1

Verb

bara (third person singular past indicative baraði, third person plural past indicative baraðu, supine barað)

1. (reflexive) constrain (oneself)

Conjugation

Conjugation of bara (group v-30)
infinitive	bara
supine	barað
participle (a6)1	barandi	baraður
	present	past
first singular	bari	baraði
second singular	barar	baraði
third singular	barar	baraði
plural	bara	baraðu
	imperative
singular	bara!
plural	barið!
1Only the past participle being declined.

Etymology 2

Adverb

bara

1. just, simply
2. I wish
3. if only

Synonyms

• (I wish): gævi

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba.ʁa/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

bara m (uncountable)

1. (Ivory Coast slang) work, labour
   • 2019 April 1, La rappeuse NASH, “La rappeuse NASH nommée ambassadrice nationale UNICEF”, in A UNICEF press release, spread by Ivorian.net, Fratmat, Allafrica, Afrique Femme, Abidjan TV, Ivoire Soir, Africa Hot News:

     Ma science pour les gopios, c’est de : couman fah-fah avec eux, prendre dra de leur melanhement, de leur miria, djaouli ceux qui veulent fraya au souklou, ou avoir un bara djidji par rapport à un graya général demso, decrou un bon soutrali par rapport à les bognan et leur gué un nouveau douahou et mettre mon fangan au-devant pour leurs wés.

     My science for the children is: to do some plain talk with them, discover their troubles, their concerns, to make provisions for those who want to go to school, or to have some real work in relation to a general sustenance, to render some good help in relation to their problems and give them a new chance, and to apply my power for their dreams.

Verb

bara

1. (Ivory Coast slang) to work, to labour

Hausa

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bá.ɽàː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bə́.ɽàː]

Noun

barā̀ m (feminine baranyā̀, plural barōrī, possessed form baràn)

1. servant
   1. A young person who out of respect volunteers to work for someone from time to time.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bá.ràː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bə́.ràː]

Noun

bar̃ā̀ f (plural bàr̃ā̀ce-bàr̃ā̀ce, possessed form bar̃àr̃)

1. A beggar for alms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bàː.ráː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bàː.ráː]

Noun

bā̀r̃ā f (possessed form bā̀r̃ar̃)

1. one's focus (e.g., in aiming at or attempting to catch something)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bàː.ɽá/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [bàː.ɽə́]

Noun

bā̀ra f (possessed form bā̀rar̃)

1. last year

Adverb

bā̀ra

1. last year

Hiligaynon

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vara/barra.

Noun

bára

1. crowbar
2. yardstick

Ibatan

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.

Noun

bara

1. (anatomy) lung

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse *bara (“barely, only”), from *barr, Old West Norse berr, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“bare”). Compare Swedish bara.

Adverb

bara

1. only, just, if only

   Ég á bara 200 krónur.

   I only have 200 krónur.

   Bara að hann hringi í mig...

   If only he'd call me...

2. (emphatic, postpositive) only, just

   Þegiðu bara!

   Just shut up!

   Gerðu þetta bara og þegiðu!

   Just do it and shut up.

Synonyms

• (emphatic: just): barasta

Derived terms

• af því bara (aþþí bara, af því barasta; just because)

Ilocano

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.

Noun

bara

1. lung

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay bara.

Noun

bara (first-person possessive baraku, second-person possessive baramu, third-person possessive baranya)

1. ember

Iraqw

Adverb

bara

1. if, when

References

• Mous, Maarten; Qorro, Martha; Kießling, Roland (2002) Iraqw-English Dictionary (Kuschitische Sprachstudien), volume 18, Köln, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, →ISBN, page 11

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbˠaɾˠə/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bara (“flow; intention, design”). Probably related to Middle Irish baramail (“opinion, expectation”).

Noun

bara f (genitive singular bara, nominative plural baraí)

1. inclination, intention

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish bara (“barrow”), borrowed from Old Norse barar.

Noun

bara m (genitive singular bara, nominative plural baraí)

1. barrow, cart

Derived terms

• bara láimhe (“hand-barrow”)
• bara rotha (“wheel-barrow”)

 

Declension

Declension of bara

Fourth declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative bara baraí Vocative a bhara a bharaí Genitive bara baraí Dative bara baraí

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an bara na baraí Genitive an bhara na mbaraí Dative leis an mbara don bhara leis na baraí

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bara	bhara	mbara
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “bara”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bara”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 bara”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “bara” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “bara” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Italian

FWOTD – 7 December 2022

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈba.ra/
• Rhymes: -ara
• Hyphenation: bà‧ra

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Lombardic bāra (“bier, litter”), from Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną (“to carry”). Compare German Bahre (“bier, stretcher”).

Noun

bara f (plural bare)

1. bier (litter to transport the corpse of a dead person)
   • early 14^th century, Dante, “Canto XI”, in Paradiso, lines 115–117:

     e del suo grembo l’anima preclara
     mover si volle, tornando al suo regno,
     e al suo corpo non volle altra bara.

     And from her bosom the illustrious soul wished to depart, returning to its realm, and for its body wished no other bier.

2. coffin (box in which a person is buried)

   Synonym: (regional) tabuto

   Il cadavere fu deposto nella bara.

   The body was placed in the coffin.

   molte bare in attesa di sepoltura

   a number of coffins awaiting burial

3. (obsolete) litter, stretcher

   Synonyms: barella, lettiga

4. (religion) a carriage used to transport a saint's relics
5. an animal-drawn carriage typical of Tuscany and Liguria

Derived terms

• barella

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

bara

1. inflection of barare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• bara in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• raba

Jamaican Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑːra/
• Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Verb

bara

1. Alternative form of borrow.
   • 1995, English World-wide, volume 16-17, Julius Groos Verlag, page 214:

     “So , mii en ha fi fain mi uona wie fi se ina Jamiekan aal kain a sinting we piipl a taak bout wen dem a stodi langgwij . Mek mi shuo unu wa ... Mi bara di Rasta wod 'grounieshan' we dem yuuz fi seshan we dem miit an riizn . Mi tek i an yuuz i fi [...]”

     Well, I had to find my own way to express all sorts of things in Jamaican Creole which people talk about when they study languages. Let me show you what [...] I'm borrowing the Rasta word "Grounation" which they use for sessions where they get together and discuss important matters. I took it and used it to [...]

Japanese

Romanization

bara

1. Rōmaji transcription of ばら
2. Rōmaji transcription of バラ

Javanese

Other scripts
Carakan	ꦧꦫ
Roman	bara

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Numeral

bara

1. hundred million (10⁸)

Kikuyu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /βàɾà(ꜜ)/

As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 1 with a disyllabic stem, together with ndaka, and so on.

• (Kiambu)

• (Limuru) As for Tonal Class, Yukawa (1981) classifies this term into a group including cindano, huko, iburi, igego, igoti, ini (pl. mani), inooro, irigũ, irũa, iturubarĩ (pl. maturubarĩ), kĩbaata, kĩmũrĩ, kũgũrũ, mũciĩ, mũgeni, mũgũrũki, mũmbirarũ, mũndũ, mũri, mũthuuri, mwaki (“fire”), mwario (“way of speaking”), mbogoro, nda, ndaka, ndigiri, ngo, njagathi, njogu, nyondo (“breast(s)”), and so on.

Noun

bara class 9/10 (plural bara)

1. road

   Synonyms: barabara, njĩra

References

• “barabara” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 24. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Laboya

Preposition

bara

1. nearby, at, close

References

• Rina, A. Dj.; Kabba, John Lado B. (2011), “bara”, in Kamus Bahasa Lamboya, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat [Dictionary of Lamboya Language, West Sumba Regency], Waikabubak: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat, page 8

Latvian

Noun

bara m

1. genitive singular form of bars

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀah, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀah.

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /barə/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /bara/
• Rhymes: -arə, -rə, -ə
• Rhymes: -a

Noun

bara (Jawi spelling بارا‎, plural bara-bara, informal 1st possessive baraku, 2nd possessive baramu, 3rd possessive baranya)

1. ember

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pembaraan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• perbara [causative passive] (peR-)
• perbaraan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
• membara [agent focus] (meN-)
• membarai [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• berbara [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• bara api

Descendants

• Indonesian: bara

References

• "bara" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
• “bara” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Mansaka

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bajaq, compare Old Javanese warah.

Verb

bara

1. to warn

Maranao

Noun

bara

1. crowbar

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, whence also Old English bēr.

Noun

bāra f

1. bier

Descendants

• Middle High German: bāre
  • German: Bahre
• → Italian: bara

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse bera, bara (East Old Norse), from Proto-Germanic *bazōną.

Verb

bara

1. to bare, make bare

Conjugation

Conjugation of bara (weak)

	present			past
infinitive	bara			—
participle	barandi, -e			baraþer
active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
iæk	barar	bari, -e	—	baraþi, -e	baraþi, -e
þū	barar	bari, -e	bara	baraþi, -e	baraþi, -e
han	barar	bari, -e	—	baraþi, -e	baraþi, -e
vīr	barum, -om	barum, -om	barum, -om	baraþum, -om	baraþum, -om
īr	barin	barin	barin	baraþin	baraþin
þēr	bara	barin	—	baraþu, -o	baraþin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
iæk	baras	baris, -es	—	baraþis, -es	baraþis, -es
þū	baras	baris, -es	—	baraþis, -es	baraþis, -es
han	baras	baris, -es	—	baraþis, -es	baraþis, -es
vīr	barums, -oms	barums, -oms	—	baraþums, -oms	baraþums, -oms
īr	barins	barins	—	baraþins	baraþins
þēr	baras	barins	—	baraþus, -os	baraþins

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French barrer (“to bar”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baˈra/

Verb

a bara (third-person singular present barează, past participle barat) 1st conj.

1. to bar, to block

   Synonym: bloca

2. to strike through

Conjugation

    conjugation of bara (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a bara
gerund			barând
past participle			barat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	barez	barezi	barează	barăm	barați	barează
	imperfect	baram	barai	bara	baram	barați	barau
	simple perfect	barai	barași	bară	bararăm	bararăți	barară
	pluperfect	barasem	baraseși	barase	baraserăm	baraserăți	baraseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să barez	să barezi	să bareze	să barăm	să barați	să bareze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		barează			barați
	negative		nu bara			nu barați

Rwanda-Rundi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-bàda.

Verb

-bara (infinitive kubara, perfective -baze)

1. to count, calculate

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bâra/
• Hyphenation: ba‧ra

Noun

bȁra f (Cyrillic spelling ба̏ра)

1. puddle
2. marsh, swamp

Declension

Declension of bara

	singular	plural
nominative	bȁra	bare
genitive	bare	bȃrā
dative	bari	barama
accusative	baru	bare
vocative	baro	bare
locative	bari	barama
instrumental	barom	barama

Noun

bara (Cyrillic spelling бара)

1. genitive singular of bȃr

References

• “bara” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Shona

Etymology

From Portuguese bala.

Noun

bará class 5 (plural mapará class 6)

1. bullet

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَرّ‎ (barr, “mainland”).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Noun

bara (n class, plural bara) or bara (ma class, plural mabara)

1. mainland
2. continent

   Synonym: kontinenti

See also

(continents) mabara; Afrika (“Africa”), Amerika (“America”), Antaktika (“Antarctica”) or Antaktiki, Asia (“Asia”), Ulaya (“Europe”) or Uropa, Amerika ya Kaskazini (“North America”), Australia (“Oceania”), Amerika ya Kusini (“South America”) ^{(Category: sw:Continents) [edit]}

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish bara, from Old Norse *bara (“barely, only”), from *barr, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“bare”). Compare Icelandic bara.

Pronunciation

• (Sweden) IPA^(key): /²bɑːra/

  • audio

    (file)

  • (colloquial, unstressed) IPA^(key): /ba/
• (Finland) IPA^(key): /bɑrɑ/
• Rhymes: -²ɑːra

Adjective

bara

1. absolute singular definite and plural form of bar.

Adverb

bara (not comparable)

1. just, only

   Jag ska bara läsa den här sidan också.

   I'll just read this page too.

   Vi har bara en bil.

   We have only one car.

Alternative forms

• ba (colloquial)

Synonyms

• blott
• enbart
• endast

Further reading

• Lövestam, Sara (2023), “BARA är inte alltid så bara”, in Språktidningen (in Swedish), issue 4, Vetenskapsmedia, →ISSN

Anagrams

• arab, arab.

Tagalog

Etymology 1

From Spanish barrar (“to mud”) or Spanish varar (“to strand”).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ba‧ra
• IPA^(key): /baˈɾa/, [bɐˈɾa]

Noun

bará

1. clog; blockage; stoppage; obstruction

   Synonyms: pasak, sumpal, siksik

Derived terms

• barahan
• bumara
• mabarahan
• magbara
• makabara

 

Related terms

• barado

Etymology 2

From Spanish vara.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ba‧ra
• IPA^(key): /ˈbaɾa/, [ˈba.ɾɐ]

Noun

bara

1. unit of length measuring about 33 inches
2. measuring stick or tape measure of such a length

Related terms

• sandipa
• yarda

Etymology 3

From Spanish barra.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ba‧ra
• IPA^(key): /ˈbaɾa/, [ˈba.ɾɐ]

Noun

bara

1. shaft; lever; beam (of a balance)

   Synonyms: pingga, braso

Derived terms

• bara-bara

Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈba.ɾa]

Noun

bara

1. carbuncle

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

Noun

bara

1. definite dative singular of bar

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈbara/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈba(ː)ra/
• Rhymes: -ara

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Breton bara, Old Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰars- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).

Noun

bara m (plural bara)

1. bread; loaf, slice (of bread), loaves
2. (figuratively) food, meal, sustenance, means of subsistence, livelihood

Derived terms

• bara brith
• bara cras, bara crasu
• bara fflat
• bara soda

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
bara	fara	mara	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bara”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

bara

1. Soft mutation of para.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
para	bara	mhara	phara
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.