ir

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ir"

Alemannic German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old High German ir, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a variant of *jūz.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ir

  1. you (plural)

Declension[edit]

Alemannic German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative possessive m
1st person singular ich, i mich, mi mir, mier, mer min, miin
2nd person singular familiar du dich, di dir, dier, der din, diin
polite Si Ine, Ene, -ne Ire
3rd person singular m er in, en im sin, siin
f si ire
n es, 's, -s im sin, siin
1st person plural mir, mer üs, öis, ois, eus üse, öise, oise, euse
2nd person plural ir, ier öi, eu öie, eure
3rd person plural si ine, ene, -ne ire

Aragonese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin īre.

Verb[edit]

ir

  1. go

Chuukese[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ir

  1. them

Related terms[edit]

Chuukese personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person ngaang, nganga, ngang áám, am (exclusive)
kiich, kich (inclusive)
2nd person een, en áámi, ami
3rd person iiy, i iir, ir

Danish[edit]

Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia da

Etymology[edit]

Either the old word for "copper" or some derivation from it: Old Danish eer (“copper”), Old Norse eir, from Proto-Germanic *aiz.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈiɐ̯], [ˈiɐ̯ˀ]

Noun[edit]

ir c (singular definite irren, not used in plural form)

  1. verdigris

Elfdalian[edit]

Verb[edit]

ir

  1. singular present of wårå

Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese ir, from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin esse.

Verb[edit]

ir (first-person singular present vou, first-person singular preterite fun, past participle ido)

  1. to go
  2. to work, function, run
    —Vai ou non vai? —Non vai.
    Does that work or does it not work? No, it doesn't work.

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ir (irregular)
infinitive ir
gerund indo
past participle singular plural
masculine ido idos
feminine ida idas
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative eu ti el / ela / Vde. nós vós eles / elas / Vdes.
present vou vas vai imos ides van
imperfect ía ías ía iamos iades ían
preterite fun fuches foi fomos fostes foron
pluperfect fora foras fora foramos forades foran
future irei irás irá iremos iredes irán
conditional iría irías iría iriamos iriades irían
subjunctive eu ti el / ela / Vde. nós vós eles / elas / Vdes.
present vaia vaias vaia vaiamos vaiades vaian
preterite fose foses fose fósemos fósedes fosen
future for fores for formos fordes foren
imperative — ti Vde. nós vós Vdes.
affirmative — vai vaia vamos ide vaian
negative — vaias vaia vamos vaiades vaian
personal infinitive eu ti el / ela / Vde. nós vós eles / elas / Vdes.
ir ires ir irmos irdes iren

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • “ir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “ir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “ir” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “ir” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Interlingua[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin īre, active present infinitive of eō; which its conjugation also influenced by French aller (present indicatives vais, vas, va, and vont all from Latin vadō).

Verb[edit]

ir

  1. to go

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ir
infinitive ir
participle present perfect
iente ite
active simple perfect
present i, va ha ite
past iva habeva ite
future ira habera ite
conditional irea haberea ite
imperative i

Antonyms[edit]

Kaera[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Alor–Pantar *jira.

Noun[edit]

ir

  1. water

References[edit]

  • Gary Holton and Laura Robinson, The Internal History of the Alor-Pantar language family, in The Alor-Pantar languages: History and Typology, edited by Marian Klamer
  • Marian Klamer, One item, many faces: ‘come’ in Teiwa (2010, in wing & Klamer) and Kaera (2014, in Schapper)
  • Gary Holton, Marian Klamer, František Kratochvíl, Laura C. Robinson, Antoinette Schapper, The Historical Relations of the Papuan Languages of Alor and Pantar, Oceanic Linguistics 2012:1

Latgalian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Shortened form of irā, from Proto-Baltic *irā. Akin to Latvian ir.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ir/
  • Hyphenation: ir

Verb[edit]

ir

  1. third-person indicative present of byut

Usage notes[edit]

  • ir is mostly used in unstressed positions, while irā is mostly common for stressed positions in the sentence.

References[edit]

  • Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 48

Latin[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ir n sg (indeclinable, no genitive)

  1. (rare, anatomy) hand

Declension[edit]

Not declined; used only in the nominative and accusative singular, singular only.

Case Singular
Nominative ir
Genitive —
Dative —
Accusative ir
Ablative —
Vocative —

Synonyms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “ir”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • ir in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette

Latvian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Baltic *irā (cf. dialectal, archaic forms irād, iraid, irāg, and also Lithuanian yrà, which existed alongside *esti (cf. Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ), Russian есть (jestʹ), Lithuanian dialectal ẽsti, Old Prussian ast), initially with basically existential (“there is”) meaning, but later on extending to all copular meanings, thus replacing *esti. In Sudovian, also the first person form irm (“I am”) is derived from this stem. The origin of Proto-Baltic *irā is, however, unclear. Various sources have been proposed: an older interjection (cf. Lithuanian aurè (“look!”)), the particle and conjunction ir (“both... and...”), a noun with the meaning “existence,” “reality,” “thing,” or even (more recently) the Proto-Indo-European secondary third-person verbal ending *-r with a later -ā-extension.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ir

  1. (he, she, it) is; 3rd person singular present indicative form of būt
  2. (they) are; 3rd person plural present indicative form of būt
  3. (with the particle lai) let (him, her, it) be; 3rd person singular imperative form of būt
  4. (with the particle lai) let them be; 3rd person plural imperative form of būt

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Baltic *ir, from the reduced grade *h₂r̥ of Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”) (whence also Latvian ar (“with”); see there for more). The original meaning “and” (compare Lithuanian cognate) is found in 16th- and 17th-century texts, but from the 18th century on ir was no longer used in this sense. Cognates include Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”), Old Prussian ir (“also”), er (“(along) with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”).[1]

Conjunction[edit]

ir

  2. additive conjunction used to join several similar sentence elements, indicating their similar nature: both ... and ..., ... and also ..., ... as well as ...
    gribējas ir smieties, ir raudāt ― one wanted both to laugh and to cry
    nāca ir jaunie, ir vecie ― both the young and the old came
    tolaik ir tēvs, ir māte bija miruši ― at that time, both the father and the mother had died
    tā bija droša, interesanta un glīta meitene, kas prata būt ir jautra, ir nopietna ― that was a brave, fun (lit. interesting) and pretty girl, who knew how to be both cheerful and serious
    nakts kā jau nakts: ir mēness spīd, ir tālē rūsa plaiksnī ― the night is like the night (= as usual): the moon shines and also in the distance silent lightning flashes
Synonyms[edit]

Particle[edit]

ir

  1. used to mark connection and emphasis, reinforcement; syn. arī
    Ludis nolēca lielā dubļu pančkā un tur ir palika, ratiem pakaļ skatīdamies ― Ludis jumped into a big mud puddle and there also he stayed, looking ahead at the cart
    Dūdums pateica: “man vēl laika diezgan”, un pārliecināt viņu par piegādes normu nodošanu pirms termiņa tā ir neizdevās — Dūdums said: “I still have enough time,” and also, so it was impossible to convince him about the rules for delivery before the deadline
  2. used to mark emphasis, to reinforce; syn. pat: really, even
    tas viņam ir prātā nenāk ― that doesn't even come to his mind
    krūmos ir pa naktīm guļot, pilsētā viņš parādoties reti ― really sleeping at night in the bushes, he appeared rarely in the city
Synonyms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ir”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ir (“and, also”), compare Latvian ir, Old Prussian ir (“and, even”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥- (“thus, so”); compare Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “so, then, consequently”). If the original meaning was "fittingly, accordingly", the root may be identical to *h₂er- (“fit together”), see artì (“near”) for more.

Proto-Slavic *i (“and, even”) is probably not related.

Conjunction[edit]

ir̃

  1. (coordinating, cumulative) and, too
  2. (coordinating, illative) and, so
    Bùvo gražùs óras, ir̃ mẽs nùtarėme keliáuti. - the weather was nice, and (=so) we decided to travel.
  3. (coordinating, correlative) both … and …

Particle[edit]

ir̃

  1. (emphatic) even, and
    Mán ir̃ tõ nepavỹko padarýt! - I didn't even manage that!
  2. (emphatic) exactly, just, precisely
    Jìs ir̃ yrà tàs žmogùs, apiẽ kùrį kal̃bame. - It's him that we're talking about
  3. (interrogative) and, so
    Nà, ir̃ kàs! - So what!

Related terms[edit]

Middle Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jūz. Compare German ihr.

Pronoun[edit]

ir

  1. ye, you (plural) (only in Southeastern texts)

Further reading[edit]

ir - instituut voor de Nederlandse taal

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Determiner[edit]

ir

  1. Alternative form of hire (“her”)

Pronoun[edit]

ir

  1. Alternative form of hire (“hers”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ir

  1. Alternative form of hire (“her”)

Mòcheno[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz. Cognate with German ihr, English ye.

Pronoun[edit]

ir

  1. you (plural)

Inflection[edit]

Personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person i biar
2nd person du ir
3rd person er, si, s sei

References[edit]

Old High German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronoun[edit]

ir

  1. you (second-person plural pronoun)
  2. (polite) you (second-person singular pronoun)
    • late 9th century, Otfrid of Weissenburg, Letter to Bishop Salomo of Constance v. 5-7:
      Lékza ih therara búachi / iu sentu in suábo richi,
      thaz ir irkíaset ubar ál, / oba siu frúma wesan scal;
      Oba ir hiar fíndet iawiht thés / thaz wírdig ist thes lésannes:
      I send to you in Swabia the selection of books,
      so that you can decide above all if it will be useful;
      [and] if you find here something that is worthy of being read.
      (quoted in and tr. by Horst J. Simon in Taavitsainen & Jucker 2003:88)

Usage notes[edit]

Some speakers of Old High German appear to have contrasted the "polite" singular (plural forms) with the regular, informal singular (singular forms), as in Modern German Sie versus du. This distinction is however not well-attested, and may have been regional, genre-dependent, or only in late Old High German.

Inflection[edit]

Old High German personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative
Singular First ih
(ihha, ihcha)		 mīn mir mih
Second dū dīn dir dih
Third Masculine er (her) (sīn) imu, imo inan, in
Feminine siu; sī, si ira (iru, iro) iru, iro sia
Neuter iz es, is imu, imo iz
Plural First wir unsēr uns unsih
Second ir iuwēr iu iuwih
Third Masculine sie iro im, in sie
Feminine sio iro im, in sio
Neuter siu iro im, in siu
Polite form Second   ir iuwēr iu iuwih

Descendants[edit]

  • Middle High German: ir
    • Alemannic German: ir
    • Bavarian:
    • Central Franconian: ühr, ihr, dihr (d- from verb ending by rebracketing)
    • German: ihr
    • Rhine Franconian:
      • Pennsylvania German: dihr
    • Yiddish: איר‎ (ir), איהר‎ (ihr)

References[edit]

  1. Armitage, Lionel. (1911) An Introduction to the study of Old High German, p 200.

Old Swedish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old East Norse *īʀ (compare West Norse ér), from Proto-Germanic *jīz, variant of *jūz.

Pronoun[edit]

īr

  1. you (plural)

Declension[edit]

Old Swedish personal pronouns
first person second person reflexive third person
masculine feminine neuter
singular
nominative iak, iæk þū — han hōn þæt
accusative mik þik sik han hana, hōna þæt
dative mǣ(r), mik þǣ(r), þik sǣ(r), sik hōnum, hānum hænni þȳ, þī
genitive mīn þīn sīn hans hænna(r) þæs
dual
nominative vit it — — — —
accusative oker *iker sik — — —
dative oker *iker sǣr, sik — — —
genitive okar *ikar sīn — — —
plural
nominative vī(r) ī(r) — þē(r) þā(r) þø̄n, þē(n)
accusative os, ōs iþer sik þā þā(r) þø̄n, þē(n)
dative os, ōs iþer sǣr, sik þēm, þø̄m, þom þēm, þø̄m, þom þēm, þø̄m, þom
genitive vār iþar sīn þēra þēra þēra

Descendants[edit]

  • Swedish: I, ni (← hafven I)

Old Welsh[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Ultimately from Proto-Celtic *sindos.

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

ir

  1. (definite article) the
    • 9th c., Oxoniensis Prior (Bodleian Library, Oxford), v. 234:
      ir pimphet eterin
      the fifth bird

Descendants[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • hir (obsolete)
  • yr (obsolete)

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin esse.

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Verb[edit]

ir (first-person singular present vou, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle ido)

  2. (intransitive, or transitive with para or a or em or até) to go (to move to a destination)
    Vamos a pé?
    Do we go on foot?
    Eles foram ao centro comercial.
    They went to the shopping centre.
    Queríamos ir para casa.
    We wanted to go home.
  4. (auxiliary, with an infinitive) will; to be going to; forms the future tense
    Vou comprar um sapato.
    I will buy a shoe.
    Nós não íamos fazer nada.
    We weren’t going to do anything.
  6. (auxiliary, with a gerund) to keep on; to go on; ~ on; forms the continuative aspect
    A água vai escorrendo até acabar.
    The water keeps on leaking until it is all gone.
  8. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to go; to leave; to depart
    Os homens já se foram todos.
    All the men have left already.
  10. (intransitive, or transitive with para or em or a) to attend; to go to (to be present in an event)
    Sinto muito, não poderei ir à sua festa.
    I’m sorry, I won’t be able to go to your party.
  12. (transitive with até) to go on until; to last to
    A batalha foi até as duas da manhã.
    The battle went on until two AM.
  14. (intransitive, or transitive with em) to do; to fare (to have a good or bad result)
    Fui muito mal em quase todas as provas.
    I did very bad in nearly all the tests.
  16. (intransitive) to be doing (formula used in greetings)
    “Como vai?” “Vou bem, obrigado.”
    “How are you doing?” “I am doing fine, thanks.”
  18. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to be gone (depleted, destroyed; no longer usable)
    Porcaria! Minha TV se foi.
    Damn it! My TV is gone.
  20. (euphemistic, takes a reflexive pronoun) to leave us; to depart (to die)
    Uma oração para os que já se foram.
    A prayer for those who have already left us.
  22. (intransitive) to go (to begin an action or process)
    Um, dois, três, vai!
    One, two, three, go!
    O sinal verde ainda não foi!
    The green light still didn’t light up.
    Vamos!
    Get on with it!
  24. (transitive with com) to match; to go with (to form a good combination with)
    Este casaco não vai bem com os sapatos.
    This jacket doesn't go well with the shoes.
  26. (transitive with com) to like or tolerate someone or something
    Parece que ninguém vai comigo.
    It seems nobody likes me.
  28. (transitive with por) to follow (to take into account when making choices)
    Vai pela razão, não pelos sentimentos.
    Follow reason, not feelings.
    Se a luz não acender, pode encontrar o livro indo pelo tato.
    If the light doesn’t turn on, you can find the book by following your sense of touch.
    Vai por mim.
    Trust me.
  29. (transitive with de) to range from (to encompass values between two given extremes)
    As perguntas iam do fácil ao difícil.
    The questions ranged from easy to difficult.
  31. (poker, intransitive) to call (to match the amount of chips in the pot)
    • 2012, Luís Fernando Veríssimo, “Os pêssegos”, in Diálogos Impossíveis, Editora Objetiva, →ISBN, page 29:
      Não se ouvia mais nada, além dos ruídos naturais do pôquer. O clicar das fichas. Frases curtas: "Dou cartas." "Vou." "Não vou." "Pago pra ver." "Não é possível!"
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
  32. (reflexive) to depart; to leave
    Synonyms: ir embora, sair
  33. (reflexive, euphemistic) to pass away; to depart; to die
    Synonyms: falecer, morrer

Usage notes[edit]

The use of auxiliary ir with lexical ir (e.g. Eu vou ir para casa “I'm going to go home”) is sometimes proscribed. A single ir (Eu vou para casa, even though this also means the present “I'm going home”) or the future tense form (Eu irei para casa, which is rather formal) can be used instead.

Usually used in the preterite and with the pronoun preceding the verb:

Ele se foi.
He departed.
Elas se foram.
They departed.

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ir (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal ir
Personal ir ires ir irmos irdes irem
Gerund
indo
Past participle
Masculine ido idos
Feminine ida idas
Indicative
Present vou vais vai vamos ides vão
Imperfect ia ias ia íamos íeis iam
Preterite fui foste foi fomos fostes foram
Pluperfect fora foras fora fôramos fôreis foram
Future irei irás irá iremos ireis irão
Conditional
iria irias iria iríamos iríeis iriam
Subjunctive
Present vá vás vá vamos vades vão
Imperfect fosse fosses fosse fôssemos fôsseis fossem
Future for fores for formos fordes forem
Imperative
Affirmative vai vá vamos ide vão
Negative (não) não vás não vá não vamos não vades não vão

Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ir.

Synonyms[edit]

Romansch[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /v/ derive from corresponding conjugations of vādere, and those beginning with /m/ presumably from meāre.

Verb[edit]

ir

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Puter, Vallader) go

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ir (Sursilvan)
infinitive ir
gerund mond
past participle iu
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative jeu ti el/ella nus vus els/ellas
present mon vas va mein meis van
imperfect evel evas eva evan evas evan
future vegnel a ir vegns a ir vegn a ir vegnin a ir vegnis a ir vegnan a ir
conditional jeu ti el/ella nus vus els/ellas
direct present mass masses mass massen masses massen
indirect present massi massies massi massien massies massien
direct future vegness a ir vegnesses a ir vegness a ir vegnessen a ir vegnesses a ir vegnessen a ir
indirect future vegnessi a ir vegnessies a ir vegnessi a ir vegnessien a ir vegnessies a ir vegnessien a ir
subjunctive che jeu che ti ch'el/ch'ella che nus che vus ch'els/ch'ellas
present mondi mondies mondi meien meies mondien
past evi evies evi evien evies evien
future vegni a ir vegnies a ir vegni a ir vegnîen a ir vegnîes a ir vegnien a ir
imperative — ti — — vus —
va mei
    Conjugation of ir (Grischun)
infinitive ir
gerund giond
past participle ì
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative jeu ti el/ella nus vus els/ellas
present vom vas va giain giais van
imperfect gieva gievas gieva gievan gievas gievan
future vegnel a ir vegns a ir vegn a ir vegnin a ir vegnis a ir vegnan a ir
conditional jeu ti el/ella nus vus els/ellas
present giess giesses giess giessen giesses giessen
future vegness a ir vegnesses a ir vegness a ir vegnessen a ir vegnesses a ir vegnessen a ir
subjunctive che jeu che ti ch'el/ch'ella che nus che vus ch'els/ch'ellas
present giaja giajas giaja giajan giajas giajan
future vegni a ir vegnies a ir vegni a ir vegnîen a ir vegnîes a ir vegnien a ir
imperative — ti — — vus —
va giai

Scots[edit]

Verb[edit]

ir

  1. (South Scots) Second-person simple present form of to be
  2. (South Scots) Plural simple present form of to be

See also[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin esse.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈiɾ/ [ˈiɾ]
  • Rhymes: -iɾ
  • Syllabification: ir

Verb[edit]

ir (first-person singular present voy, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle ido)

  1. (intransitive) to go (away from speaker and listener)
    Nos gusta ir al cine.
    We like to go to the movies.
  2. (intransitive) to come (towards or with the listener)
    Quiero ir contigo.
    I want to come with you.
    Iré a tu casa.
    I'll come to your house.
  3. (auxiliary) to be going to (near future), to go (+ a + infinitive)
    Voy a decirle la verdad.
    I am going to tell her the truth.
  4. (reflexive) to go away, to leave, to depart, to go (when the destination is not essential; when something or someone is going somewhere else)
    Synonyms: andarse, marcharse
    Lo siento. Tengo que irme.
    I'm sorry. I have to leave.
    Él se va a salvar al mundo otra vez.
    He's off to save the world again.
  5. (reflexive) to leak out (with liquids and gasses), to boil away, to go flat (gas in drinks)
  6. (reflexive) to overflow
  7. (reflexive) to go out (lights)
  8. (reflexive) to finish, to wear out, to disappear (e.g. money, paint, pains, mechanical parts)
  9. (reflexive) to die
  10. (reflexive, informal) to break wind, to fart
  11. (reflexive, informal) to wet/soil oneself (i.e., urinate or defecate in one's pants)
  12. (reflexive, vulgar) to come, to cum, to ejaculate, to orgasm

Usage notes[edit]

  • The basic meaning "go" applies to any kind of animate or inanimate motion: walk, ride, sail, fly, etc.
  • The voseo imperative of ir is typically replaced by the imperative of andar, which has the form andá.[2], though the form i is sometimes used as well.

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ir (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive ir
gerund yendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular ido ida
plural idos idas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present voy vas va vamos vais van
imperfect iba ibas iba íbamos ibais iban
preterite fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron
future iré irás irá iremos iréis irán
conditional iría irías iría iríamos iríais irían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present vaya vayastú
vayásvos2 		vaya vayamos vayáis vayan
imperfect
(ra) 		fuera fueras fuera fuéramos fuerais fueran
imperfect
(se) 		fuese fueses fuese fuésemos fueseis fuesen
future1 fuere fueres fuere fuéremos fuereis fueren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative vetú
andávos 		vaya vamos, vayamos id vayan
negative no vayas no vaya no vayamos no vayáis no vayan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of ir (irregular)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive ir
dative irme irte irle, irse irnos iros irles, irse
accusative irme irte irlo, irla, irse irnos iros irlos, irlas, irse
with gerund yendo
dative yéndome yéndote yéndole, yéndose yéndonos yéndoos yéndoles, yéndose
accusative yéndome yéndote yéndolo, yéndola, yéndose yéndonos yéndoos yéndolos, yéndolas, yéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative ve
dative veme vete vele venos not used veles
accusative veme vete velo, vela venos not used velos, velas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative andá
dative andame andate andale andanos not used andales
accusative andame andate andalo, andala andanos not used andalos, andalas
with formal second-person singular imperative vaya
dative váyame not used váyale, váyase váyanos not used váyales
accusative váyame not used váyalo, váyala, váyase váyanos not used váyalos, váyalas
with first-person plural imperative vamos, vayamos
dative not used vámoste, vayámoste vámosle, vayámosle vámonos, vayámonos vámoos, vayámoos vámosles, vayámosles
accusative not used vámoste, vayámoste vámoslo, vayámoslo, vámosla, vayámosla vámonos, vayámonos vámoos, vayámoos vámoslos, vayámoslos, vámoslas, vayámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative id
dative idme not used idle idnos idos, iros idles
accusative idme not used idlo, idla idnos idos, iros idlos, idlas
with formal second-person plural imperative vayan
dative váyanme not used váyanle váyannos not used váyanles, váyanse
accusative váyanme not used váyanlo, váyanla váyannos not used váyanlos, váyanlas, váyanse
    Conjugation of irse (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive irse
gerund yéndose
past participle masculine feminine
singular ido ida
plural idos idas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
personal non-finite yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
infinitive irme irte irse irnos iros irse
gerund yéndome yéndote yéndose yéndonos yéndoos yéndose
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present me voy te vas se va nos vamos os vais se van
imperfect me iba te ibas se iba nos íbamos os ibais se iban
preterite me fui te fuiste se fue nos fuimos os fuisteis se fueron
future me iré te irás se irá nos iremos os iréis se irán
conditional me iría te irías se iría nos iríamos os iríais se irían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present me vaya te vayastú
te vayásvos2 		se vaya nos vayamos os vayáis se vayan
imperfect
(ra) 		me fuera te fueras se fuera nos fuéramos os fuerais se fueran
imperfect
(se) 		me fuese te fueses se fuese nos fuésemos os fueseis se fuesen
future1 me fuere te fueres se fuere nos fuéremos os fuereis se fueren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative vetetú
andatevos 		váyase vámonos, vayámonos idos, iros váyanse
negative no te vayas no se vaya no nos vayamos no os vayáis no se vayan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
  2. ^ “Spanish from Argentina: That Voseo Thing”, in (please provide the title of the work)‎[1], accessed 9 October 2015

Further reading[edit]

Sumerian[edit]

Romanization[edit]

ir

  1. Romanization of 𒅕 (ir)

Welsh[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Brythonic *ir (compare Cornish yr), from Proto-Celtic *ɸūros (compare Irish úr), from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós, from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”). Doublet of pur.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ir (feminine singular ir, plural irion, equative ired, comparative irach, superlative iraf)

  1. raw, unprocessed
  2. fresh, succulent

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ir unchanged unchanged hir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Yapese[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ir

  1. Third-person singular pronoun; he, she, it
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