būti
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Lithuanian bū́ti, fromProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei; present tense forms are from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”); suppletive stem forms derive from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become”). Compare identical situation in Old Church Slavonic бꙑти (byti). Cognate to Latvian bût, Old Prussian būton, English be, Latin fuī, Persian بودن, Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (bauuaiti), Sanskrit अभूत् (abhūt), Albanian botë, Ancient Greek φύω (phúō), Armenian բույս (buys).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]bū́ti (third-person present tense yrà, third-person past tense bùvo)
Usage notes
[edit]The copular verb bū́ti may be omitted in the present tense. For example, the yrà is optional in the sentence:
When omitting the present-tense copula, it is possible to add emphasis through a change in intonation, the addition of the pronoun tai̇̃ (“that; [now that's]”), or the writing of a dash symbol (–).
Conjugation
[edit]| singular vienaskaita | plural daugiskaita | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative | present | esù | esi̇̀ | yrà | ẽsame | ẽsate | yrà | |
| past | buvaũ | buvai̇̃ | bùvo | bùvome | bùvote | bùvo | ||
| past frequentative | bū́davau | bū́davai | bū́davo | bū́davome | bū́davote | bū́davo | ||
| future | bū́siu | bū́si | bùs | bū́sime | bū́site | bùs | ||
| subjunctive | bū́čiau | bū́tum | bū́tų | bū́tumėme | bū́tumėte | bū́tų | ||
| imperative | — | bū́k | tebū́na | bū́kime | bū́kite | tebū́na | ||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “būti”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2026
- Vytautas Ambrazas (2006), “4. Syntax § 1.19 The copula”, in Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition, pages 469–470
Etymology 2
[edit]Participle
[edit]būti
Old Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei.
Verb
[edit]būti (infinitive bū́ti)
- to be
Conjugation
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||
| indicative | present | esmi̇̀ | esi̇̀ | ẽst(i) | esvà | està | esmè | estè | ẽsti | ||
| past | {{{9}}} | {{{10}}} | {{{11}}} | {{{12}}} | {{{13}}} | {{{14}}} | {{{15}}} | {{{16}}} | |||
| past frequentative | {{{17}}} | {{{18}}} | {{{19}}} | {{{20}}} | {{{21}}} | {{{22}}} | {{{23}}} | {{{24}}} | |||
| future | {{{25}}} | {{{26}}} | {{{27}}} | {{{28}}} | {{{29}}} | {{{30}}} | {{{31}}} | {{{32}}} | |||
| subjunctive | {{{33}}} | {{{34}}} | {{{35}}} | {{{36}}} | {{{37}}} | {{{38}}} | {{{39}}} | {{{40}}} | |||
| imperative | — | {{{41}}} | {{{42}}} | {{{43}}} | {{{44}}} | {{{45}}} | {{{46}}} | {{{47}}} | |||
Descendants
[edit]- Lithuanian: bū́ti
- Lithuanian terms inherited from Old Lithuanian
- Lithuanian terms derived from Old Lithuanian
- Lithuanian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian 2-syllable words
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian verbs
- Lithuanian terms with usage examples
- Lithuanian non-lemma forms
- Lithuanian participle forms
- Old Lithuanian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Lithuanian lemmas
- Old Lithuanian verbs