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–

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ‐ [U+2010 HYPHEN], - [U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS], − [U+2212 MINUS SIGN], — [U+2014 EM DASH], ― [U+2015 HORIZONTAL BAR], and 一 [U+4E00 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E00]

– U+2013, –
EN DASH
← ‒
[U+2012] 		General Punctuation — →
[U+2014]
Character variations
︲ U+FE32, ︲
PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL EN DASH
← ︱
[U+FE31] 		CJK Compatibility Forms ︳ →
[U+FE33]

Translingual

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Punctuation mark

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– (English name en dash) (Alt + 0150)

  1. Indicates ranges.
    6–10 years ― six to ten years
    • 1881 March–April, Frederick Schwatka, “In the Land of the Midnight Sun”, in Good Company, volume VII, number XIX, XX (in English), Springfield, Mass., →OCLC, part III (The Franklin Search of 1878–79–80), page 11, column 2:
      The American Franklin Search Party of 1878–79–80 originated in information supposed to have been obtained by American whalers prosecuting their vocations in Repulse Bay, Rae’s Welcome, and other estuaries of North Hudson’s Bay.
  2. Indicates items in a list.
    Things to buy:
    – Toilet paper
    – Towels
  3. alternative form of ― (indicates a quotation or a line of dialogue).
    – Could you direct me to the bus station?
    – It's just on your right at the end of the road.

Symbol

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–

  1. (poetry) alternative form of ‒

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, see Citations:–.

See also

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quotation marks and quotation dashes by language (edit)
quotation marks - all matched-pairs
quotation marks and quotation dashes - all single characters
  • Curved double quotation marks: “ · ” · „ · ‟
  • Curved single quotation marks and apostrophes: ‘ · ’ · ‚ · ‛
  • Straight double quotation mark: "
  • Straight single quotation mark and apostrophe: '
  • Prime quotation marks: 〝 · 〞 · 〟
  • Guillemets: « · »
  • Single guillemets: ‹ · ›
  • Corner brackets: 「 · 」 · 『 · 』
  • Quotation dashes: — (em dash) · ― (horizontal bar) · – (en dash)

Punctuation

English

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Symbol

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–

  1. Used in a compound term when the constituent parts are already hyphenated.
    high-priority–high-pressure tasks
  2. Used to hide letters
    G–d for God
  3. Used to connect compound terms with the sense of "to" or to show a relationship
    The Boston–Washington race
    blood–brain barrier
  4. Used to connect a spaced or hyphenated term.
    • 1998: John Stephens and Robyn McCallum, Retelling Stories, Framing Culture: Traditional Story and Metanarratives in Children’s Literature, page 182 (Routledge; →ISBN
      Argent the capitalist, Leeson implies, much more overtly than was possible for Stevenson, who lacked the benefit of hindsight which informs Leeson’s late–twentieth-century text, that capitalism is a form of piracy.
    • 2006, Alison Culliford, Night+Day Paris (Cool Cities), Pulse Guides, →ISBN, page 59:
      The glass doors open and you are greeted by a walkie-talkie–carrying personal assistant in a Star Trek–ish designer black tracksuit who whisks you to a pod seating booth in the bar.
    • 2014 April 15, Zandria F[elice] Robinson, “Post-Soul Blues”, in This Ain’t Chicago: Race, Class, and Regional Identity in the Post-Soul South, Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN, page 78:
      Further, this socialization implores black Memphians to strive to challenge the increasingly complex structural inequalities of race and class in the post–civil rights era.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:–.

Synonyms

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  • (hide letters): ‐ (hyphen)

German

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Symbol

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–

  1. Used to replace two zeroes after the decimal point in monetary values in running text (in tables, the em dash — is used).
    Dieses Gerät kostet 12,– DM.
  2. Used to replace a zero before the decimal point, i. e. for monetary values below 1.
    Diese Packung Milch kostet –,89 DM.

Hungarian

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Etymology

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First recognized in the 10th edition of A magyar helyesírás szabályai (“The rules of Hungarian orthography”) in 1954.

Punctuation mark

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–

  1. The nagykötőjel, used to connect words or parts of words:[1]
    1. Used to connect proper nouns to indicate an occasional (non-fixed) relationship.
      1. Used to connect names of multiple people (e.g. authors of a work) in a coordinative compound.
        Merriam–Webster-szótár ― Merriam–Webster dictionary
        Guillain–Barré-szindróma ― Guillain–Barré syndrome
      2. Used to connect proper nouns to indicate a “between” relationship.
        Budapest–Bécs-járat ― Budapest–Vienna line
    2. Used to connect names of peoples or languages to indicate an occasional relationship.
      lett–litván határ ― Latvian–Lithuanian border
      angol–magyar zsebszótár ― English–Hungarian pocket dictionary
    3. Used to connect names of academic programs or degrees.
      földrajz–történelem szak ― Geography and History program
    4. Used to connect terms to indicate a “from ... to ...” relationship, i.e., a range between a starting point and an endpoint (e.g. in time or space).
      a 16–19. században ― in the 16th–19th centuries
      az október–decemberi időszakban ― in the October–December period
      1848–49-es forradalom és szabadságharc ― Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849
      100–104. oldal ― pages 100–104
    5. Used in names of types of machines containing numbers.
      Apollo–11 ― Apollo 11
    6. (sometimes proscribed) Used in scientific literature to connect terms to indicate a “between” relationship or a combination of things.
      vér–agy gát ― blood–brain barrier
      izoniazid–rifampicin–pirazinamid–etambutol kezelés ― isoniazid-rifampicin-pyrazinamide-ethambutol therapy

References

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  1. ^ Laczkó, Krisztina with Attila Mártonfi (2006) Helyesírás [Orthography], Budapest: Osiris Kiadó, →ISBN, pages 353–354

Further reading

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Lithuanian

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Lithuanian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lt

Punctuation mark

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– (–)

  1. Indicates zero (omission) of the present tense of būti.
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