Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰuH-
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Root[edit]
*bʰuH- (perfective)
Reconstruction notes[edit]
Some sources such as LIV reconstruct full-grade forms *bʰewh₂- or *bʰweh₂-, on the basis of Italic and Celtic preterite and subjunctive stem.[1] According to Jasanoff, this root has no full grade, and the laryngeal cannot be precisely determined.[2]
Alternative reconstructions[edit]
- *bʰuh₂-[3]
Derived terms[edit]
Note: In many descendants, this root formed a suppletive verbal paradigm together with other roots, such as *h₁es- and *h₂wes-.
- *bʰúH-t (zero-grade root aorist)
- *bʰéwH-eti (full-grade root present) (these are analogical according to some sources)
- *bʰuH-yé-ti (ye-present)
- *bʰowH-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bāwˀitei?
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰāwáyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰāwáyati
- Sanskrit: भावयति (bhāváyati)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰāwáyati
- *bʰe-bʰúH-e ~ *bʰe-bʰuH-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
- *bʰúH-tis
- *bʰuH-ti-ḱos
- *bʰúH-tus
- *bʰúH-m-i-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰúHmiš (see there for further descendants)
- *bʰúH-mn̥
- *bʰuH-eh₂
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: φυή (phuḗ)
- Hellenic:
- *bʰuH-tós
- *bʰuH-lom
- *bʰuH-s
- Italic:
- Latin (pro)bus, (super)bus, (trī)bus
- Italic:
- *bʰúH-tlom
- *bʰuH-ros
- *pro-bʰHus (“good, excellent”)[6]
- *swe-bʰuH- (perhaps, + *swe- (“self”))
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *būmā
- Albanian: bimë
- Proto-Albanian:
- Albanian: bëhem
- Proto-Albanian: *bāl-
- ⇒ Albanian: abolla
- Armenian:
- Proto-Germanic: *bautaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *bōþō (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *buskaz (see there for further descendants)
- Italic:
- Latin: -bō (ending of future), -bam (ending of imperfect), -bundus (as in moribundus)
- Proto-Albanian: *būmā
Further reading[edit]
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 146
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
References[edit]
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰu̯eh₂- ‘wachsen, entstehen, werden’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 98–101
- ^ Jay Jasanoff, Hittite and the Indo-European Verb, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, pages 112, 113
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “byti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 155
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “Būra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “probus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 490