bod

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See also: Bod, BOD, böd, bød, and boð

Translingual[edit]

Symbol[edit]

bod

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2/T & ISO 639-3 language code for Tibetan.

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Clipping of body. The "person" sense may alternatively derive from Scottish Gaelic bodach (“old man”) via Scots.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bod (plural bods)

  1. (slang) The body.
    Fred likes to keep his bod in shape.
  2. (slang) A person.
    • 2005, Richard Templar, The Rules of Management (page 73)
      There were cameras covering car parks, offices, corridors and storage areas in the basement. Result. The security bods started watching as if their lives depended on it.
    • 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and Facts behind railway plaques: Reading (1840)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 56:
      People such as William James and the Stephensons (with whom he collaborated) may have been the movers and shakers of the early railways, but there was other, less exalted bods who constructed all the paraphernalia - including stations.

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, "bod (noun)"

Anagrams[edit]

Czech[edit]

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs
FWOTD – 21 March 2021

Etymology[edit]

From Old Czech bod, from Proto-Slavic *bodъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bod m

  1. (geometry) point
  2. (temperature) point
    bod mrazu ― freezing point
  3. item (of an agenda)
  4. (sports) point, mark
  5. stab
    • 1866, Josef Bojislav Pichl (translator), Don Quijote de la Mancha‎[1], Praha: I. L. Kober, translation of original by Miguel de Cervantes, page 34:
      Na moutě duchu! zvolal po těch slovích Sancho; ať nedím tři tisíce šlehů, ale ani tři si nedám, jako nedal bych si tři body dýkou.
      "By all that's good," exclaimed Sancho at this, "I'll just as soon give myself three stabs with a dagger as three, not to say three thousand, lashes.

Declension[edit]

Declension
singular plural
nominative bod body
genitive bodu bodů
dative bodu bodům
accusative bod body
vocative bode body
locative bodu, bodě bodech
instrumental bodem body

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • bod in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • bod in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • bod in Internetová jazyková příručka

Anagrams[edit]

Danish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /boːˀð/, [ˈb̥oˀð], [ˈb̥oðˀ]
  • Rhymes: -oːð

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Danish bōð, from Old East Norse bóð, from Proto-Germanic *bōþō (“building, dwelling”), cognate with Old West Norse búð, English booth, German Bude.

Noun[edit]

bod c (singular definite boden, plural indefinite boder)

  1. booth, stall
  2. shop
Inflection[edit]
Declension of bod
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bod boden boder boderne
genitive bods bodens boders bodernes

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Norse bót, from Proto-Germanic *bōtō (“improvement, atonement”), cognate with Swedish bot, English boot, German Buße, Dutch boete. Doublet of bøde.

Noun[edit]

bod c (singular definite boden, not used in plural form)

  1. fine
  2. penance
Usage notes[edit]

Now especially in the phrases gøre bod, råde bod.

Inflection[edit]
Declension of bod
common
gender 		Singular
indefinite definite
nominative bod boden
genitive bods bodens
Derived terms[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Dutch bot, from Old Dutch *bot, from Proto-Germanic *budą.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bod n (plural boden, diminutive bodje n)

  1. order
  2. offer

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Sranan Tongo: bot

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Irish bot (“tail; penis”), from Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”) (cf. Welsh both (“hub”), Breton bod (“bush, shrub”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosdʰos (“piece of wood”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bod m (genitive singular boid, nominative plural boid)

  1. penis
    Synonym: cuideog (euphemistic)
  2. (archaic) churl, boor, lout

Declension[edit]

Declension of bod

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative bod boid
Vocative a bhoid a bhoda
Genitive boid bod
Dative bod boid

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an bod na boid
Genitive an bhoid na mbod
Dative leis an mbod

don bhod

leis na boid

Derived terms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
bod bhod mbod
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old West Norse boð, from Proto-Germanic *budą (“offer, message”), cognate with Icelandic boð, Dutch bod, German Gebot.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bod n (definite singular bodet, indefinite plural bod, definite plural boda)

  1. message
    Synonym: melding
    Eg kjem med bod.
    I come with a message.
  2. offer
  3. (in compounds) messenger, delivery man
    Postbod ― Mailman

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Old English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *budą. Cognate with Old Norse boð.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

bod n (nominative plural bodu)

  1. a command, mandate, precept, order; bidding

Declension[edit]

Declension of bod (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative bod bodu
accusative bod bodu
genitive bodes boda
dative bode bodum

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French baud, named after French telegraph engineer and inventor Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bod m inan

  1. (computing, telecommunications) baud

Declension[edit]

Declension of bod
singular plural
nominative bod body
genitive bodu bodów
dative bodowi bodom
accusative bod body
instrumental bodem bodami
locative bodzie bodach
vocative bodzie body

Further reading[edit]

  • bod in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • bod in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Irish bot (“tail; penis”), from Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosdʰos (“piece of wood”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bod m (genitive singular boid, plural boid)

  1. (anatomy) penis

Mutation[edit]

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
bod bhod
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

  • Edward Dwelly (1911), “bod”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bot”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *bodъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bȏd m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑д)

  1. sting (with a needle or a sharp object)
  2. (embroidery, knitting) stitch
  3. (sports) point
Declension[edit]
Declension of bod
singular plural
nominative bȏd bódovi
genitive boda bodova
dative bodu bodovima
accusative bod bodove
vocative bode bodovi
locative bodu bodovima
instrumental bodom bodovima
Synonyms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from English baud.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bȏd m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑д)

  1. baud
Declension[edit]
Declension of bod
singular plural
nominative bȏd bódovi
genitive boda bodova
dative bodu bodovima
accusative bod bodove
vocative bode bodovi
locative bodu bodovima
instrumental bodom bodovima

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Swedish boþ, from Old Norse bóð (Compare Old West Norse búð), from Proto-Germanic *bōþō (“dwelling”).

Noun[edit]

bod c

  1. a shed, a shack, a small building
    Synonym: skjul
  2. a shop, a boutique
    Synonym: butik

Declension[edit]

Declension of bod 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative bod boden bodar bodarna
Genitive bods bodens bodars bodarnas

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Further reading[edit]

Volapük[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from German Brot, English bread and Dutch brood.

Noun[edit]

bod (nominative plural bods)

  1. bread

Declension[edit]

declension of bod
singular plural
nominative bod bods
genitive boda bodas
dative bode bodes
accusative bodi bodis
vocative 1 o bod! o bods!
predicative 2 bodu bodus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms[edit]

Welsh[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Welsh bot, from Proto-Celtic *butā (cf. Cornish bos, Breton bout), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be, become”); all the b- initial forms are from the same root. The vowel-initial forms as well as sy(dd) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).

The present-progressive forms with yd- (ydwyf, etc.), and hence the colloquial present-affirmative forms with d- (dw, etc.), are from the affirmative particle yd.[1] Colloquial affirmative forms with r- (rwyt, roeddwn, etc.) are from the affirmative particle yr. Colloquial negative forms with d- (dydw, does, doeddwn, etc.) are from the negative particle nid.

The third-person singular present mae originally meant ‘here is’ and is from the same source as yma (“here”) plus Proto-Celtic *esti. The third-person plural maent (colloquial maen) is derived from the singular by adding the third-person plural verb ending -nt.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

bod (first-person singular present wyf)

  1. to be
  2. there be (there is, there are etc.)
  3. (auxiliary)
    1. Used with yn to form various tenses with progressive or stative meaning
    2. Used with wedi to form various tenses with perfect meaning
  4. that... is, that... are, etc. (personal forms: (fy) mod i, (dy) fod di, (ei) fod e/o, (ei) bod hi, (ein) bod ni, (eich) bod chi, (eu) bod nhw)
    Dw i’n meddwl (ei) bod hi’n ddoniol. ― I think that she’s funny.
    Mae hi’n meddwl (fy) mod i’n dod. ― She thinks that I’m coming.
    Roedd Eleri yn dweud (dy) fod di’n sâl. ― Eleri was saying you were ill.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Bod is the primary auxiliary verb in Welsh, used to form a great number of periphrastic tenses; see Appendix:Welsh conjugation.
  • The two conditional tense stems bydd- and bas- can be opted between freely, although bas- is more common when used alongside a counterfactual in (pe) tas-.
  • The preterite is relatively rare and mostly interchangeable with the imperfect.
  • In the tenses given here, all forms of bod must be linked to a noun, adjective or verb with yn, wedi, or some other similar particle.
  • The existential sense ("there is") uses the distinct interrogative form oes and negative does, however the affirmative mae is the same as the main verb, as are all non-present tenses.
  • Bod introduces a subordinate clause only when the corresponding main clause would begin with a form of bod (the verb "to be") in the present or imperfect tense (including perfect and pluperfect clauses with wedi).
  • Nouns are preceded with bod, or fod if the preceding verb is conjugated.

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation
Literary forms singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present progressive wyf, ydwyf wyt, ydwyt mae;
yw, ydyw, ydy, ydi;
oes;
sydd, sy 		ŷm, ydym ŷch, ydych maent;
ŷnt, ydynt 		ys, ydys
present habitual/future byddaf byddi bydd byddwn byddwch byddant byddir, byddys
imperfect/conditional oeddwn oeddit, oeddet oedd, ydoedd oeddem oeddech oeddynt, oeddent oeddid
imperfect habitual byddwn byddit byddai byddem byddech byddent byddid
preterite bûm buost bu buom buoch buont, buant buwyd
pluperfect buaswn buasit buasai buasem buasech buasent buasid, buesid
counterfactual plup.
forms combined with pe 		petaswn petasit petasai petasem petasech petasent —
present subjunctive bwyf, byddwyf bych, byddych, byddech bo, byddo bôm, byddom boch, byddoch bônt, byddont bydder
imperfect subjunctive bawn, byddwn bait, baet, byddit, byddet bai, bae, byddai baem, byddem baech, byddech baent, byddent byddid
counterfactual impf. subj.
forms combined with pe 		petawn petait, petaet petai petaem petaech petaent —
imperative — bydd, bydda bydded, boed, bid byddwn byddwch byddent bydder
verbal noun bod
verbal adjectives bodedig
bodadwy


Colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
present affirmative dw i, dwi, rw i, rwy, w i rwyt ti mae e/o/hi, ma' fe;
ydy, yw;
sy 		dyn ni, dan ni, ŷn ni dach chi, ych chi, dych chi maen nhw
negative dydw i ddim, dw i ddim, w i ddim, sa i dwyt ti ddim, ti ddim, so ti dydy e/o/hi ddim, tydy o/hi ddim, dyw e/hi ddim, so fe/hi;
does dim;
sy ddim 		dyn ni ddim, dydyn ni ddim, dan ni ddim, dydan ni ddim, ŷn ni ddim, so ni dydych chi ddim, dach chi ddim, dydach chi ddim, ych chi ddim, chi ddim, so chi dydyn nhw ddim, ŷn nhw ddim, so nhw
interrogative ydw i wyt ti ydy e/o/hi, yw e/hi;
oes;
sy 		ydan ni, ŷn ni ydych chi, dach chi, ydach chi, ych chi ydyn nhw, ŷn nhw
imperfect affirmative roeddwn i, o’n i roeddet ti, o’t ti roedd e/o/hi, oedd e/o/hi, o’dd e/o/hi roedden ni, o’n ni roeddech chi, o’ch chi roedden nhw, o’n nhw
negative doeddwn i ddim, o’n i ddim, do’n i ddim doeddet ti ddim, o’t ti ddim, do’t ti ddim doedd e/o/hi ddim, oedd e/o/hi ddim, o’dd e/o/hi ddim, do’dd e/o/hi ddim doedden ni ddim, o’n ni ddim, do’n ni ddim doeddech chi ddim, o’ch chi ddim, do’ch chi ddim doedden nhw ddim, o’n nhw ddim, do’n nhw ddim
interrogative oeddwn i, o’n i oeddet ti, o’t ti oedd e/o/hi, oedd e/o/hi, o’dd e/o/hi oedden ni, o’n ni oeddech chi, o’ch chi oedden nhw, o’n nhw
preterite bues i buest ti buodd e/o/hi;
bu 		buon ni buoch chi buon nhw
future bydda i, ’dda i byddi di bydd e/o/hi byddwn ni byddwch chi byddan nhw
conditional byddwn i;
baswn i, swn i 		byddet ti;
baset ti, set ti 		byddai fe/fo/hi;
basai fe/fo/hi, sa fo/hi, se fe/hi 		bydden ni;
basen ni, sen ni 		byddech chi;
basech chi, sech chi 		bydden nhw;
basen nhw, sen nhw
counterfactual cond. forms
used after optional pe 		taswn i, bawn i, tawn i taset ti, baet ti, taet ti tasai fe/fo/hi, bai fe/fo/hi, tai fe/fo/hi tasen ni, baen ni, taen ni tasech chi, baech chi, taech chi tasen nhw, baen nhw, taen nhw
imperative — bydd, bydda — — byddwch —

Derived terms[edit]

  • bod am (“to want”)
  • bod gan, bod gyda (indicates possession)
  • darbod (“take care of”, verb)

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
bod fod mod unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 219 ii 1

Further reading[edit]

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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