bos

See also: Bos, bô, bõs, boš, boș, boş, bo's, Bos., and Boś

English

Noun

bos

1. plural of bo

Anagrams

• BSO, OBs, OSB, Obs, SOB, obs, sob

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Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch bos, from Middle Dutch bosch, busch, from Old Dutch *busc, from Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔs/

Noun

bos (plural bosse, diminutive bossie)

1. wood, forest
2. bush, shrub
3. bunch, bundle, sheaf, bouquet

   Hy het vir my 'n bossie blomme gegee.

   He gave me a bunch/bouquet of flowers.

Derived terms

• bosbedryf
• bosbeheer
• bosbestuur
• bosbewaring
• bosbewoner
• boskraai
• bosveld
• boswagter
• boswerker
• kankerbos

 

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Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin vos. Cognate to Spanish os and French vous.

Pronoun

bos

1. you (second-person plural direct pronoun)
2. (to) you (second-person plural indirect pronoun)

Synonyms

• tos

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Cornish

Alternative forms

• bones

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔːz/

Verb

bos

1. to be

Conjugation

  Standard Cornish

	Indicative							Subjunctive		Imperative
	Present (short)	Present (long)	Future- Habitual	Imperfect (short)	Imperfect (long)	Preterite	Conditional	Present- future	Imperfect
1s	ov vy, oma	esof vy, eroma	bedhaf vy	en vy	esen vy, eren vy	beuv vy	bien vy	biv vy, byma	ben vy	-
2s	os jy, osta	esos jy, esta	bedhyth jy, bedhys jy	es jy	eses jy, eres jy	beus jy, beusta	bies jy	by jy, bosta	bes jy, besta	bëdh, bÿdh
3s	yw ev, ywa	yma ev, usy ev, eus	bëdh ev, bÿdh ev	o ev	esa ev, eja ev, era ev	beu ev	bia ev	bo ev	be ev	bedhes
1p	on ny	eson ny, eron ny	bedhyn ny	en ny	esen ny, eren ny	beun ny	bien ny	bon ny	ben ny	bedhyn
2p	owgh why	esowgh, erowgh why	bedhowgh why	ewgh why	esewgh why, erewgh why	bewgh why	biewgh why	bowgh why	bewgh why	bedhowgh
3p	yns y	ymowns y, ymôns y, usons y	bedhons y	êns y	esens y, erens y	bowns y	biens y	bowns y	bêns y	bedhens
Present participle: ow pos, ow pones

  Standard Written Form

	Indicative							Subjunctive		Imperative
	Present (short)	Present (long)	Future- Habitual	Imperfect (short)	Imperfect (long)	Preterite	Conditional	Present- future	Imperfect
1s	ov vy, o'ma	esov vy	bydhav vy	en vy	esen vy	beuv vy	bien vy	biv vy, bon vy	ben vy	-
2s	os jy, os ta	esos jy, es ta	bydhydh jy	es jy	eses jy	beus jy	bies jy	bi jy, bos jy	bes jy	bydh
3s	yw ev	yma ev, usi ev, eus	bydh ev	o ev	esa ev	beu ev	bia ev	bo ev	be ev	bedhes
1p	on ni	eson ni	bydhyn ni	en ni	esen ni	beun ni	bien ni	byn ni, bon ni	ben ni	bedhyn
2p	owgh hwi	esowgh hwi	bydhowgh hwi	ewgh hwi	esewgh hwi	bewgh hwi	biewgh hwi	bowgh hwi	bewgh hwi	bedhowgh
3p	yns i	ymons i, usons i	bydhons i	ens i	esens i	bons i	biens i	bons i	bens i	bedhens
0	or	eder	bedher	os	eses	beus	bies	ber	bes	-
Present participle: ow pos Verbal adjective: (not used)

Mutation

  Mutation of bos  

Cornish consonant mutation
unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
bos	vos	unchanged	pos	fos	vos

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Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbos]

Adverb

bos

1. masculine singular nominal predicative of bosý
2. (literary) barefoot, barefooted

Declension

declension of bos

singular
	masculine animate	masculine inanimate	feminine	neuter
nominative	bos	bos	bosa	boso
genitive	—	—	—	—
dative	—	—	—	—
accusative	—	—	—	—
locative	—	—	—	—
instrumental	—	—	—	—
plural
	masculine animate	masculine inanimate	feminine	neuter
nominative	bosi	bosy	bosy	bosa
genitive	—	—	—	—
dative	—	—	—	—
accusative	—	—	—	—
locative	—	—	—	—
instrumental	—	—	—	—

Synonyms

• bosky

Derived terms

• na boso

Related terms

• bosý

Further reading

• bos in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• bos in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

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Dalmatian

Etymology 1

Possibly from Latin buxus (“box tree”).

Noun

bos m

1. oak tree

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Noun

bos m

1. thigh, hind quarters

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Danish

Noun

bos n

1. indefinite genitive singular of bo

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Dutch

een bos (n, a forest)

Alternative forms

• bosch (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Dutch bosch, busch, from Old Dutch *busc, from Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔs/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bos
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Noun

bos n (plural bossen, diminutive bosje n)

1. wood, forest

   Zij ging wandelen in de bossen.

   She went walking in the woods.

Noun

bos m (plural bossen, diminutive bosje n)

1. bouquet, cluster, bunch

   Hij bracht een bosje bloemen mee.

   He brought me a bouquet of flowers.

Derived terms

• bebossen
• biesbos
• bosbedrijf
• bosbeheer
• bosbes
• bosbewaring
• bosbewoner
• bosbouw
• bosbrand
• boshoen
• bos hout voor de deur
• boskoe
• bosloos
• bosmier
• bosui
• bosuil
• boswachter
• dennenbos
• door de bomen het bos niet meer zien
• geriefbos
• herbebossen
• loofbos
• miltvuurbos
• naaldbos
• oerbos
• ontbossen
• ooibos
• pestbos
• rooibos
• schaambos
• takkenbos

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: bos
• Berbice Creole Dutch: bosi
• Negerhollands: boesch, bosch
• → English: bush
  • → Dutch: bush, bushbush
• → Indonesian: bos
• → Papiamentu: bòshi, bosji (from the diminutive)
• → Sranan Tongo: busi
  • → Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin: busi

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Friulian

Etymology

From Latin buxus, from Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos).

Noun

bos m (plural bos)

1. box (tree)
2. boxwood

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Galician

Adjective

bos

1. masculine plural of bo

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Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese vos. Cognate with Kabuverdianu bo.

Pronoun

bos

1. you (plural second person)

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Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɔs]
• Hyphenation: bos

Etymology 1

From Dutch bos (“cluster, bunch”), from Middle Dutch bosch, busch, from Old Dutch *busc, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.

Noun

bos (first-person possessive bosku, second-person possessive bosmu, third-person possessive bosnya)

1. cluster, bunch.

Etymology 2

From English boss, from Dutch baas, from Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”), from Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”), from Proto-Germanic *baswô, masculine form of Proto-Germanic *baswǭ (“father's sister, aunt, cousin”). Cognate with Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”), Old Frisian bas (“master”) (> Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”)), Old High German basa ("father's sister, cousin"; > German Base (“aunt, cousin”)). Doublet of bas.

Noun

bos (plural bos-bos, first-person possessive bosku, second-person possessive bosmu, third-person possessive bosnya)

1. boss, leader, head.

   Synonyms: bas, mandor, pemborong, pembesar, kepala

Further reading

• “bos” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

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Irish

Alternative forms

• bas

Etymology

From Old Irish bas, bos (“palm”), from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”) (compare Breton boz (“hollow of the hand”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosto-, *gʷosdʰo- (“branch”).

Noun

bos f (genitive singular boise, nominative plural bosa)

1. (anatomy) palm of the hand

   Synonym: dearna

2. (hurling) the flattened, curved end of a hurley

Declension

Declension of bos

Second declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative bos bosa Vocative a bhos a bhosa Genitive boise bos Dative bois bosa

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an bhos na bosa Genitive na boise na mbos Dative leis an mbois don bhois leis na bosa

• Dual: dhá bhois

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bos	bhos	mbos
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• "bos" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bas”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Kristang

Etymology

From Portuguese vós (“ye”), from Old Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs (“ye”).

Pronoun

bos

1. you; thou (second-person singular personal pronoun)

See also

Kristang personal pronouns (edit)
Person	Singular	Plural
First	yo	nus
Second	bos	bolotu
Third	eli	olotu

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Ladino

Noun

bos f (Latin spelling, plural bozes)

1. Alternative form of boz

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Latin

bōs (a bull)

Etymology

Irregular, for the expected **vōs/**ūs, accusative **vom, oblique stem **vov-, from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws, which also gave Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Sanskrit गो (go) (nominative singular gaúḥ), and English cow.

Most likely a borrowing from Sabellic (Oscan-Umbrian), attested as Umbrian bum (acc.sg.), bue (abl.sg.), buo (gen.pl.), buf (acc.pl.) all spelling /bō-/. This was likely motivated by the fact that the expected form would have produced an undesirable homonymic clash: with vōs (“you”) in the nominative and with ovis (“sheep”) in the oblique. It's unclear whether the borrowing included the entire paradigm, or just the initial consonant.

Alternative forms

• bovis, bus (rare)

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /boːs/, [boːs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /bos/, [bɔs]

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Noun

bōs m or f (irregular, genitive bovis); third declension

1. a cow, bull, or ox
   • c. 98 CE, Tacitus, Germania 18:

     Hoc iuncti boves, hoc paratus equus, hoc data arma denuntiant.

     The yoked oxen, the harnessed steed, the gift of arms, proclaim this fact.

2. (in the plural) cattle (bovine animals)

Declension

Third-declension noun (irregular).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bōs	bovēs
Genitive	bovis	boum bovum boverum
Dative	bovī	bōbus būbus bovibus
Accusative	bovem	bovēs
Ablative	bove bovīd	bōbus būbus bovibus
Vocative	bōs	bovēs

• The medial /w/ is often found spelled B, normally not spelled in the form boum, and is sometimes lost in the forms bo(v)e and bo(v)ēs.
• The ablative singular is once the archaizing bovīd in an inscription.

Synonyms

• cornigera pl
• iumentum (when used to pull carts); armentum (when used to pull plows)

Hypernyms

• iumenta (when used to pull carts); armenta (when used to pull plows)

Hyponyms

• taurus m
• vacca f

Derived terms

• boārius
• Bosphorus
• bovārius
• bovātim
• bovicīdium
• bovilla
• bovillus
• bovīnor
• bovīnus
• būbalus
• būbīle
• Būbōna
• bubsequa
• būbula
• bubulcārius
• bubulcitō
• bubulcus
• būbulīnus
• būbulus
• būcaeda
• būcētum
• būcina
• būcula
• Lūca bōs

 

Descendants

• Balkan-Romance:
  • Aromanian: bou
  • Romanian: bou
• Dalmatian:
  • bu
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: boiu
  • Italian: bove, bue
  • Sicilian: voi
• Padanian:
  • Emilian: beu, bò
  • Friulian: bo
  • Ligurian: beu
  • Lombard: beu, bò; beuiv (alpine)
  • Piedmontese: beu, bò
  • Romagnol: bò
  • Romansch: bov
  • Venetian: bo
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Bourguignon: beu
  • Franco-Provençal: bôf

    Bressan: bœuf

    Savoyard: buef

  • Old French: buef
    • French: bœuf
    • → English: beef
      • → Portuguese: bife
      • → Spanish: bife
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Aragonese: bue, uei, buei
  • Catalan: bou
  • Old Occitan: bou
    • Auvergnat: beu, bueu
    • Gascon: buèu, bueu, beu, bieu, büu
    • Languedocien: buòu, biòu
    • Provençal: buou, bou
    • Vivaro-Alpine: buou
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: bue, güe, buoi, buei, güei
  • Old Portuguese: boi
    • Galician: boi
    • Portuguese: boi
  • Spanish: buey, güey
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: boe, foe, voe (Logudorese-Nuorese), boi (Campidanese)
• Borrowings:
  • → Esperanto: bovo
  • → Interlingue: bo

References

• “bōs” in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “bōs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74

Further reading

• “bos”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• “bos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• bos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• bos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• “On Latin bōs”, in laohutiger.wordpress.com‎^[1], 2012-01-02, retrieved 2021-06-16

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• boss

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /boːs/

Noun

bos n (definite singular boset, uncountable)

1. garbage, rubbish, waste
2. straw for or from a strawbed

Further reading

• “bos” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old Frisian

Ēn bōs.

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bansaz (“stall”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”). Cognates include Old English *bōs, Old Saxon *bōs and Old Norse báss.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈboːs/

Noun

bōs m

1. stall, byre

Descendants

• Saterland Frisian: Buus
• West Frisian: bús

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

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Romanian

Noun

bos m (plural boși)

1. Alternative form of boss

Declension

Declension of bos

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) bos	bosul	(niște) boși	boșii
genitive/dative	(unui) bos	bosului	(unor) boși	boșilor
vocative	bosule		boșilor

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Sardinian

Alternative forms

• vos

Etymology

From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbos/

Pronoun

bos (possessive bostru)

1. you (plural), ye

   Synonym: bois, bosateros

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bosъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bôːs/

Adjective

bȏs (definite bȏsī, Cyrillic spelling бо̑с)

1. barefoot

Declension

indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		bos	bosa	boso
genitive		bosa	bose	bosa
dative		bosu	bosoj	bosu
accusative	inanimate animate	bos bosa	bosu	boso
vocative		bos	bosa	boso
locative		bosu	bosoj	bosu
instrumental		bosim	bosom	bosim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		bosi	bose	bosa
genitive		bosih	bosih	bosih
dative		bosim(a)	bosim(a)	bosim(a)
accusative		bose	bose	bosa
vocative		bosi	bose	bosa
locative		bosim(a)	bosim(a)	bosim(a)
instrumental		bosim(a)	bosim(a)	bosim(a)

definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		bosi	bosa	boso
genitive		bosog(a)	bose	bosog(a)
dative		bosom(u/e)	bosoj	bosom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	bosi bosog(a)	bosu	boso
vocative		bosi	bosa	boso
locative		bosom(e/u)	bosoj	bosom(e/u)
instrumental		bosim	bosom	bosim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		bosi	bose	bosa
genitive		bosih	bosih	bosih
dative		bosim(a)	bosim(a)	bosim(a)
accusative		bose	bose	bosa
vocative		bosi	bose	bosa
locative		bosim(a)	bosim(a)	bosim(a)
instrumental		bosim(a)	bosim(a)	bosim(a)

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Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bosъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bóːs/, /bɔ́s/

Adjective

bȍs or bòs (not comparable)

1. barefoot

Inflection

Hard
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom. sing.	bós	bósa	bóso
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	bós ind bósi def	bósa	bóso
accusative	nominativeinan or genitiveanim	bóso	bóso
genitive	bósega	bóse	bósega
dative	bósemu	bósi	bósemu
locative	bósem	bósi	bósem
instrumental	bósim	bóso	bósim
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	bósa	bósi	bósi
accusative	bósa	bósi	bósi
genitive	bósih	bósih	bósih
dative	bósima	bósima	bósima
locative	bósih	bósih	bósih
instrumental	bósima	bósima	bósima
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	bósi	bóse	bósa
accusative	bóse	bóse	bósa
genitive	bósih	bósih	bósih
dative	bósim	bósim	bósim
locative	bósih	bósih	bósih
instrumental	bósimi	bósimi	bósimi

Hard
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom. sing.	bòs	bôsa	bôso
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	bòs ind bôsi def	bôsa	bôso
accusative	nominativeinan or genitiveanim	bôso	bôso
genitive	bôsega	bôse	bôsega
dative	bôsemu	bôsi	bôsemu
locative	bôsem	bôsi	bôsem
instrumental	bôsim	bôso	bôsim
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	bôsa	bôsi	bôsi
accusative	bôsa	bôsi	bôsi
genitive	bôsih	bôsih	bôsih
dative	bôsima	bôsima	bôsima
locative	bôsih	bôsih	bôsih
instrumental	bôsima	bôsima	bôsima
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	bôsi	bôse	bôsa
accusative	bôse	bôse	bôsa
genitive	bôsih	bôsih	bôsih
dative	bôsim	bôsim	bôsim
locative	bôsih	bôsih	bôsih
instrumental	bôsimi	bôsimi	bôsimi

Further reading

• “bos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

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Swedish

Noun

bos

1. indefinite genitive singular of bo.

Verb

bos

1. infinitive passive of bo.
2. present tense passive of bo.

Synonyms

• bebos

Anagrams

• obs

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Tagalog

Alternative forms

• boss

Etymology

Borrowed from English boss.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bos/

Noun

bós

1. (colloquial, informal) boss; chief; head

   Synonyms: hepe, puno

2. (colloquial, informal) a male term of address

Derived terms

• bosing

Further reading

• “boss” in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018.

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Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English boss.

Noun

bos

1. boss; overseer; master
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:26:

     Bihain God i tok olsem, “Nau yumi wokim ol manmeri bai ol i kamap olsem yumi yet. Bai yumi putim ol i stap bos bilong ol pis na ol pisin na bilong olgeta kain animal na bilong olgeta samting bilong graun.”

     →New International Version translation

Synonyms

• masta

Related terms

• bosim

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. Tok Pisin is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

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Volapük

Pronoun

bos

1. something

Declension

    declension of bos

	singular	plural
nominative	bos	boss
genitive	bosa	bosas
dative	bose	boses
accusative	bosi	bosis