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vacca

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Vacca and vàcca

Corsican

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Una vacca (1.1)

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Latin vacca, from Proto-Indo-European *woḱéh₂. Cognates include Italian vacca and Spanish vaca.

Noun

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vacca f (masculine toru, plural vacche)

  1. cow (female cattle)

Etymology 2

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Una vacca (2.1)
Una vacca (2.3)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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vacca f (plural vacche)

  1. red-black triplefin (Tripterygion tripteronotus)
  2. cline (Cristiceps argentatus)
  3. peacock blenny (Salaria pavo)

References

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  • “vacca” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Dalmatian

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Noun

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vacca f

  1. alternative form of vaca

Interlingua

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Noun

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vacca (plural vaccas)

  1. cow

Italian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin vacca.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈvak.ka/
  • Audio (una vacca):(file)
  • Rhymes: -akka
  • Hyphenation: vàc‧ca

Noun

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vacca f (plural vacche, diminutive vaccarèlla or vaccherèlla or vacchétta or (rare) vacchìna or (rare) vacchicìna, augmentative (also with figurative derogatory meaning) vaccóna f or vaccóne m, pejorative vaccàccia (uncommon, often used figuratively as an insult), derogatory (rare) vaccùccia)

  1. cow
    Hyponym: mucca
  2. (vulgar, slang, figurative, derogatory) whore, slut

Usage notes

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  • Because of the use as a derogatory term the synonym mucca (“milk-cow”) is sometimes preferred, even when not specifically referring to milk production.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Alemannic German: Wagge

See also

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Further reading

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  • vacca in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Latin

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vacca (a cow)

Etymology

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Uncertain. It could be connected with Sanskrit वशा (vaśā),[1] perhaps suggesting a PIE form *ueḱ-éh₂. However, this theory does not explain the /a/ in the Latin form.[2] Perhaps a Proto-Indo-European form *woḱéh₂ may also be reconstructed.[3] However, De Vaan argues that Latin /a/ only emerged from Proto-Italic /o/ in open syllables.[2]

Alternatively, it may derive from a form *wākā and be connected to Sanskrit वाशति (vā́śati, “to roar”) and Latin vāgiō[4] Based on this connection, De Vaan postulates a root *weh₂- and proposes that the Latin term may have semantically evolved from a pre-form with a meaning akin to "the bellowing one."[2] Another possibility is that the term is related to the root Proto-Indo-European *weh₂g- (“to make a harsh sound”). However, in both proposals the origin of the consonant gemination (i.e. the <cc>) is disputed.[5]

The classicist William F. Wyatt Jr. doubts the connection to Sanskrit वशा (vaśā), noting that—although the Sanskrit term can mean cow—it can also mean "barren". According to Wyatt, the differing meanings contradict a shared ancestor. Furthermore, Wyatt argues that it is unusual for Latin terms related to agriculture to have Sanskrit cognates, as—according to Wyatt—the majority of the shared vocabulary between the languages is related to religion or law. Moreover, Wyatt suggests that if the terms did originate from Proto-Indo-European, it is likely the common ancestor would only refer to female cattle. Wyatt considers it unusual for a Proto-Indo-European term to only refer to the members of a species belonging to a specific gender.[6]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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vacca f (genitive vaccae); first declension

  1. cow (female cattle)
    Antonym: taurus
    Hypernyms: bōs, iuvencus, iūmenta, armenta
    • 70 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Eclogues 6.58–60:
      […] : forsitan illum [iuvencus]
      Aut herba captum viridi, aut armenta secutum,
      Perducant aliquae stabula ad Gortynia vaccae.
      […] : for yon green grass or the herd following, may kine [this bullock] to Gortynia's stables lead.

Declension

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First-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative vacca vaccae
genitive vaccae vaccārum
dative vaccae vaccīs
accusative vaccam vaccās
ablative vaccā vaccīs
vocative vacca vaccae

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017), “Agricultural terms in Indo-Iranian”, in Language Dispersal Beyond Farming‎[1], Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 277
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 649
  3. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 135
  4. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1110-1111
  5. ^ Eugene Gottlieb (1931), “A Systematic Tabulation of Indo-European Animal Names: With Special Reference to Their Etymology and Semasiology”, in Language‎[2], volume 7, number 3, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 26-27
  6. ^ William F. Wyatt Jr (11 November 2016), Indo-European /a/‎[3], University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 34
  • “vacca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “vacca”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "vacca", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • “vacca”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • “vacca”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “vacca”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Noun

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vacca n

  1. excrement

Declension

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Declension table of "vacca" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)vaccaṃvaccāni
Accusative (second)vaccaṃvaccāni
Instrumental (third)vaccenavaccehi or vaccebhi
Dative (fourth)vaccassa or vaccāya or vaccatthaṃvaccānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)vaccasmā or vaccamhā or vaccāvaccehi or vaccebhi
Genitive (sixth)vaccassavaccānaṃ
Locative (seventh)vaccasmiṃ or vaccamhi or vaccevaccesu
Vocative (calling)vaccavaccāni

References

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Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “vacca”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead >

Portuguese

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Noun

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vacca f (plural vaccas)

  1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of vaca

Romansch

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Etymology

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From Latin vacca.

Noun

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vacca f (plural vaccas)

  1. (Sursilvan) cow

Alternative forms

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Dialectal variants of this word
Sursilvan vacca
Putèr vacha
Vallader
Rumantsch Grischun vatga
Surmiran
Sutsilvan

Sardinian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin vacca.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈbakka/, /ˈvakka/ (in certain Nuorese towns)

Noun

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vacca

  1. cow

Synonyms

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Sicilian

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Etymology

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From Latin vacca.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈvak.ka/, [ˈva.kːa], [ˈβa.kːa]
  • Rhymes: -acca
  • Hyphenation: vàc‧ca

Noun

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vacca f (plural vacchi)

  1. cow
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