mar

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mar"

Languages (55)

Translingual • English

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Marathi or Marathi मराठी (marāṭhī).

Symbol

mar

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Marathi.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Marathi terms

English

WOTD – 8 April 2016

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /mɑː(ɹ)/
• (US) IPA^(key): /mɑɹ/, [mɑɹ], [mɑ˞]
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
• Hyphenation: mar

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle English merren, from Old English mierran (“to mar, disturb, confuse; scatter, squander, waste; upset, hinder, obstruct; err”), from Proto-Germanic *marzijaną (“to disturb, hinder”), from Proto-Indo-European *mers- (“to annoy, disturb, neglect, forget, ignore”). Cognate with Scots mer, mar (“to obstruct, impede, spoil, ruin”), Dutch marren (“to push along, delay, hinder”), dialectal German merren (“to entangle”), Icelandic merja (“to bruise, crush”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (marzjan, “to annoy, bother, disturb, offend”), Lithuanian miršti (“to forget, lose, become oblivious, die”), Armenian մոռանալ (moṙanal, “to forget, fail”), Sanskrit मृष् (mṛṣ, “forget, neglect”).

Alternative forms

• marre (obsolete)

Verb

mar (third-person singular simple present mars, present participle marring, simple past and past participle marred)

1. (transitive) To spoil; to ruin; to scathe; to damage.
   • 1551, William Turner, “Prologe”, in A new Herball, etc.‎^[2], folio Aiiii:

     […] and putteth ether many a good mā by ignorance in ieopardy of his life, or marreth good medicines to the great diſhoneſtie both of the Phiſician and of Goddes worthy creatures, the herbes and medecines:

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

     Prospero: […] huſh, and be mute / Or elſe our ſpell is mar'd.

   • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: Printed [by Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker under Creed Church neer Aldgate; and by Robert Boulter at the Turks Head in Bishopsgate-street; and Matthias Walker, under St. Dunstons Church in Fleet-street, →OCLC:

     Ire, envy, and despair / Marred all his borrowed visage, and betrayed / Him counterfeit.

   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “Homer’s Ilias”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, book I, page 218:

     Mother, tho' wiſe your ſelf, my Counſel weigh; / 'Tis much unſafe my Sire to disobey; / Not only you provoke him to your Coſt, / But Mirth is marr'd, and the good Chear is loſt.

   • 1826, Adam Clarke, The Holy Bible, Containing the Old and New Testaments: The Text Printed from the Most Correct Copies of the Present Authorized Translation, including the Marginal Readings and Parallel Texts. With a Commentary and Critical Notes. Designed as a Help to a Better Understanding of the Sacred Writings, Royal Octavo Stereotype edition, volume IV, New York, N.Y.: Published by N. Bangs and J. Emory, for the Methodist Episcopal Church, at the Conference Office, 13, Crosby-Street, Jeremiah 18:3–4, page 53:

     […] I went down to the potter's house, and, behold, he wrought a work on the wheels. And the vessel that he made of clay was marred in the hand of the potter: so he made it again another vessel, as seemed good to the potter to make it.

   • 1856, Jabez Burns, “The Heralds of Mercy”, in Cyclopedia of Sermons: Containing Sketches of Sermons on the Parables and Miracles of Christ, on Christian Missions, on Scripture Characters and Incidents; on Subjects Appropriate for the Sick Room, Family Reading and Village Worship and some Special Occasions, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, 346 & 348 Broadway, →OCLC, page 253:

     Sin defiles the soul; it mars its beauty, impairs its health and vigor. It perverts its powers, and deranges all its dignified energies and attributes.

   • 2000, Vanessa Gunther, “The Indian Giver”, in Gordon Morris Bakken, editor, Law in the Western United States (Legal History of North America; 6), Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, →ISBN, page 271:

     The Court's ability to reinterpret the words in the treaty that do not appeal to it mars its logic, and demeans other words there, most significantly the solemnity of the United States oath.

   • 2007, Zeno W. Wicks, Jr.; Frank N. Jones; S. Peter Pappas; Douglas A. Wicks, Organic Coatings: Science and Technology, 3rd edition, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience, →ISBN, pages 85 and 210:

     [page 85] Mar resistance is related to abrasion resistance, but there is an important difference. Abrasion may go deeply into the coating, whereas marring is usually a near-surface phenomenon; mars less than 0.5 μm deep can degrade appearance. […] [page 210] Eventually, sufficient resin can accumulate to drip down on products going through the ovens, marring their finish.

   • 2018 July 10, “Cave rescue: Final push under way in Thailand”, in bbc.com‎^[3], BBC, retrieved 10 July 2018:

     They extracted a ninth boy on Tuesday, the Thai Navy said, with reports suggesting two more. If confirmed, one child and an adult remain to be rescued, bringing to a close an epic operation marred by one diver's death.

Derived terms

• bemar
• mar-all
• marplot
• Marprelate
• marproof
• marrer
• marring
• mar-sport
• martext
• nonmarring
• unmarrable
• unmarred

Translations

to spoil, to damage

• Arabic: أَفْسَدَ (ʔafsada)
• Bulgarian: развалям (bg) (razvaljam), повреждам (bg) (povreždam)
• Catalan: anar-se'n en orris (ca), espatllar (ca), perdre (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 損壞 / 损坏 (zh) (sǔnhuài), 損傷 / 损伤 (zh) (sǔnshāng), 變壞 / 变坏 (zh) (biànhuài), 破壞 / 破坏 (zh) (pòhuài), 糟蹋 (zh) (zāota)

• Czech: kazit (cs) impf, pokazit pf, zkazit pf, ničit (cs) impf, zničit (cs) pf
• Dutch: verpesten (nl), verknoeien (nl), beschadigen (nl)
• Finnish: pilata (fi), tärvellä (fi), turmella (fi), leimata (fi) (figuratively)
• French: entacher (fr) (figuratively)
• German: verderben (de), stören (de), verunstalten (de), beeinträchtigen (de), versauen (de)
• Hungarian: elront (hu), tönkretesz (hu), megrongál (hu), elcsúfít (hu), megzavar (hu), háborít (hu)
• Irish: loit
• Japanese: 台無しにする (ja) (だいなしにする, dainashi ni suru), 傷める (ja) (いためる, itameru)
• Latin: turpō (la)
• Romanian: strica (ro)
• Russian: по́ртить (ru) impf (pórtitʹ), испо́ртить (ru) pf (ispórtitʹ), поврежда́ть (ru) impf (povreždátʹ), повреди́ть (ru) pf (povredítʹ)
• Slovene: kazíti
• Spanish: arruinar (es), dañar (es), perjudicar (es), estropear (es), empañar (es), marcar (es)
• Swedish: fördärva (sv), svärta ner
• Turkish:

  Ottoman Turkish: بوزمق (bozmak)

• Ukrainian: псува́ти (uk) (psuváty), шко́дити (škódyty), руйнува́ти (rujnuváty)

Noun

mar (plural mars)

1. A blemish.
   • 1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 68:

     For concealing deep mars, some manufacturers offer putty sticks in colors that match their panels.

Derived terms

• marless

Etymology 2

Variant of mere.

Noun

mar (plural mars)

1. Alternative form of mere (“a body of standing water”).

Etymology 3

See mayor.

Noun

mar (plural mars)

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of mayor and mair.

References

• “mar, variant of mere, n.¹”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
• “mar”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• AMR, ARM, Arm, Arm., MRA, RAM, RMA, Ram, arm, ram

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mar/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

mar

1. (colloquial, dialectal) alternative form of maar

Conjunction

mar

1. (colloquial, dialectal) alternative form of maar

Albanian

Noun

mar m

1. abbreviation of mars (“March”)

   Coordinate terms: jan, shk, pri, maj, qer, korr, gush, sht, tet, nën, dhj

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch maar, from Middle Dutch maer.

Conjunction

mar

1. but

References

• D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998), Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia‎^[4], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

Aragonese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mare

Noun

mar m (plural mars)

1. sea

References

• Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002), “mar”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

Asturian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mare.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmaɾ/ [ˈmaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: mar

Noun

mar m or f (plural mares)

1. sea (body of water)

Azerbaijani

Noun

mar

1. abbreviation of mart (“March”)

   Coordinate terms: yan, fev, apr, may, iyn, iyl, avq, sen, okt, noy, dek

Bourguignon

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mare.

Noun

mar f (plural mars)

1. sea

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan mar, from Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈmar]

• Audio (Valencia):

  (file)

• Homophones: ma, mà
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
• Hyphenation: mar

Noun

mar m or f (plural mars)

1. sea

Derived terms

• baixamar
• marejar
• marejol
• plenamar

Related terms

• maresme
• marí
• marítim

References

• “mar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “mar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “mar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “mar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Chavacano

Etymology

Inherited from Spanish mar (“sea”).

Noun

mar

1. sea

Cornish

Etymology 1

From Middle Cornish mar. Cognate with Welsh mor, hence probably related to meur (“great, grand”).

Adverb

mar (triggers soft mutation)

1. as

   Synonym: avel

2. so

Derived terms

• diwweyth mar dha (“twice as good”)
• yn mar veur dell (“for as much as”)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• mara (before consonants)
• mars / maras (before vowels)

Conjunction

mar (triggers hard mutation)

1. if

   Synonym: a

2. whether

   Synonym: po

Derived terms

• mar pleg (“please”)

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Possibly from Etymology 1”)

Noun

mar m

1. doubt

Derived terms

• heb mar (“without doubt”)

Mutation

Mutation of mar

radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
mar	var	unchanged	unchanged	far, var*

* after 'th
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• “mar” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmar]

Noun

mar f

1. genitive plural of mára

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɑr/, [ˈmɑ̝r]
• Rhymes: -ɑr
• Syllabification^(key): mar
• Hyphenation^(key): mar

Interjection

mar

1. alternative form of maar

Further reading

• “mar”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[5] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

Galician

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *mer-?

Proto-Indo-European *móri

Proto-Italic *mari

Latin mare

Old Galician-Portuguese mar

Galician mar

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese mar, from Latin mare. Compare Portuguese mar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmaɾ/ [ˈmaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: mar

Noun

mar m (plural mares)

1. sea
2. swell

   Hoxe non saímos que hai moito mar ― Today we are not going, there is too much swell

3. (figuratively) sea; vast number or quantity

   Synonyms: monte, mundo, chea

Derived terms

• beiramar
• mareante
• marear

Related terms

• marea
• mariña
• Mariña
• mariñeiro
• mariño
• marisco
• marisma

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “mar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Santamarina, editor (2006–2013), “mar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Santamarina, Ernesto X. González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “mar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “mar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

Derived from Portuguese mar. Cognate with Kabuverdianu már.

Noun

mar

1. sea

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmɒr]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒr

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Uralic *mura-, (*murɜ) (“bit, crumb; crumble, crack”).

Verb

mar

2. (ambitransitive) to bite (of animals, chiefly snakes, sometimes dogs or chinches; used either with -t/-ot/-at/-et/-öt or with -ba/-be)

   Synonyms: harap, tép

3. (ambitransitive) to bite, to burn (of acid)

   Synonym: roncsol

Conjugation

Conjugation of mar

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	marok	marsz	mar	marunk	martok	marnak
			def.	marom	marod	marja	marjuk	marjátok	marják
			2nd obj	marlak
		past	indef.	martam	martál	mart	martunk	martatok	martak
			def.	martam	martad	marta	martuk	martátok	marták
			2nd obj	martalak
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. marni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	marék	marál	mara	maránk	marátok	marának
		def.	marám	marád	mará	maránk	marátok	marák
		2nd obj	marálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. mar vala, mart vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	marandok	marandasz	marand	marandunk	marandotok	marandanak
	def.	marandom	marandod	marandja	marandjuk	marandjátok	marandják
	2nd obj	marandalak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	marnék	marnál	marna	marnánk	marnátok	marnának
		def.	marnám	marnád	marná	marnánk (or marnók)	marnátok	marnák
		2nd obj	marnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. mart volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	marjak	marj or marjál	marjon	marjunk	marjatok	marjanak
			def.	marjam	mard or marjad	marja	marjuk	marjátok	marják
			2nd obj	marjalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. mart légyen
infinitive	marni		marnom	marnod	marnia	marnunk	marnotok	marniuk
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
	marás		maró	mart	marandó	marva (marván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

Potential conjugation of mar

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	marhatok	marhatsz	marhat	marhatunk	marhattok	marhatnak
			def.	marhatom	marhatod	marhatja	marhatjuk	marhatjátok	marhatják
			2nd obj	marhatlak
		past	indef.	marhattam	marhattál	marhatott	marhattunk	marhattatok	marhattak
			def.	marhattam	marhattad	marhatta	marhattuk	marhattátok	marhatták
			2nd obj	marhattalak
archaic preterite		indef.	marhaték	marhatál	marhata	marhatánk	marhatátok	marhatának
		def.	marhatám	marhatád	marhatá	marhatánk	marhatátok	marhaták
		2nd obj	marhatálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. marhat vala, marhatott vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	marhatandok or marandhatok	marhatandasz or marandhatsz	marhatand or marandhat	marhatandunk or marandhatunk	marhatandotok or marandhattok	marhatandanak or marandhatnak
	def.	marhatandom or marandhatom	marhatandod or marandhatod	marhatandja or marandhatja	marhatandjuk or marandhatjuk	marhatandjátok or marandhatjátok	marhatandják or marandhatják
	2nd obj	marhatandalak or marandhatlak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	marhatnék	marhatnál	marhatna	marhatnánk	marhatnátok	marhatnának
		def.	marhatnám	marhatnád	marhatná	marhatnánk (or marhatnók)	marhatnátok	marhatnák
		2nd obj	marhatnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. marhatott volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	marhassak	marhass or marhassál	marhasson	marhassunk	marhassatok	marhassanak
			def.	marhassam	marhasd or marhassad	marhassa	marhassuk	marhassátok	marhassák
			2nd obj	marhassalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. marhatott légyen
infinitive	(marhatni)		(marhatnom)	(marhatnod)	(marhatnia)	(marhatnunk)	(marhatnotok)	(marhatniuk)
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
	marható			marhatatlan		(marhatva / marhatván)

Derived terms

• marakodik
• marat
• marás
• mardos
• maró

With verbal prefixes

• belemar
• elmar
• felmar
• kimar
• lemar
• megmar
• összemar
• szétmar

Expressions

• aki kapja, marja

Etymology 2

Noun

mar (uncountable)

2. withers (the protruding part of a four-legged animal between the neck and the backbone)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	mar	—
accusative	mart	—
dative	marnak	—
instrumental	marral	—
causal-final	marért	—
translative	marrá	—
terminative	marig	—
essive-formal	marként	—
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	marban	—
superessive	maron	—
adessive	marnál	—
illative	marba	—
sublative	marra	—
allative	marhoz	—
elative	marból	—
delative	marról	—
ablative	martól	—
non-attributive possessive – singular	maré	—
non-attributive possessive – plural	maréi	—

Possessive forms of mar

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	marom	—
2nd person sing.	marod	—
3rd person sing.	marja	—
1st person plural	marunk	—
2nd person plural	marotok	—
3rd person plural	marjuk	—

Derived terms

• marmagasság

Further reading

• (to bite): mar in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• (withers): mar in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Iban

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mar/

Adjective

mar

1. expensive

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmaːr]

  Rhymes: -aːr

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse marr, from Proto-Germanic *marhaz.

Noun

mar m (genitive singular mars, nominative plural marar or marir)

1. (poetic) horse

Declension

Declension of mar (masculine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	mar	marinn	marar, marir	mararnir, marirnir
accusative	mar	marinn	mara, mari	marana, marina
dative	mar, mari	marnum, marinum	mörum	mörunum
genitive	mars	marsins	mara	maranna

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Norse marr, from Proto-Germanic *mari.

Noun

mar m (genitive singular marar, no plural)

1. (poetic) the sea

Declension

Declension of mar (sg-only masculine)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	mar	marinn
accusative	mar	marinn
dative	mar, mari	marnum, marinum
genitive	marar	mararins

Etymology 3

First attested at the end of the 18th century. Related to merja (“to crush, bruise”).

Noun

mar n (genitive singular mars, no plural)

1. bruise, contusion
   • 1903, Búnaðarfélag Íslands, Búnaðarrit, Ríkisprentsmiðjan Gutenberg:

     Þannig fylgir hitasótt jafnan stórum mörum og beinbrotum.

     Thus, fever is often accompanied by large bruises and fractures.

Declension

Declension of mar (sg-only neuter)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	mar	marið
accusative	mar	marið
dative	mari	marinu
genitive	mars	marsins

References

• Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989), “mar”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

Interlingua

Noun

mar (plural mares)

1. sea

Irish

Pronunciation

• (stressed) IPA^(key): /ˈmˠɑɾˠ/, (unstressed) /ˈmˠaɾˠ/; /ˈmˠəɾˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish immar.

Conjunction

mar

1. because

   Synonyms: óir, toisc go, arae, de bhrí go

2. as

   Fan mar atá tú.

   Stay as you are.

Derived terms

• cad é mar
• mar ea
• mar go
• mar gur
• mar nach
• mar nár

Preposition

mar (plus dative, triggers lenition)

1. like
2. as

Synonyms

• amhail
• ar chuma
• ar nós
• cosúil le
• dála
• fearacht

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “mar”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 712; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “mar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Possibly from Middle Irish i mbaile (“where”) from Old Irish baile (“place”) or fail (“place, where”), influenced by mar (“as, like”) or with dissimilation in forms like early modern a mbail a bhfuil, bhal a bhfuil, cognate with Scottish Gaelic far (“where”).

Adverb

mar (relative adverb)

1. where (relative, not interrogative, followed by indirect relative)

   Fan mar a bhfuil tú.

   Stay where you are.

Further reading

• R. A. Breatnach (1973), “The relative adverb mar a”, in Celtica, volume 10, pages 167–170
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “? 1 bail”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Italian

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of marzo.

Noun

mar m

1. alternative form of mar.: abbreviation of marzo (“March”)

   Coordinate terms: gen, feb, apr, mag, giu, lug, ago, set, ott, nov, dic

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmar/
• Rhymes: -ar
• Hyphenation: màr

Noun

mar m (apocopated)

1. apocopic form of mare (“sea”) (used in poetry and in names of some seas)

Derived terms

• Mar Adriatico
• Mar Arabico
• Mar Baltico
• Mar Bianco
• Mar Caspio (“Caspian Sea”)
• Mar Celtico
• Mar Cinese occidentale
• Mar Cinese orientale
• Mar d'Azov
• Mar d'Irlanda
• Mar dei Caraibi
• Mar dei Chukchi
• Mar dei Coralli
• Mar dei Sargassi
• Mar del Giappone
• Mar del Nord
• Mar della Siberia Orientale
• Mar delle Filippine
• Mar delle Molucche
• Mar delle Salomone
• Mar di Andamane
• Mar di Arafura
• Mar di Banda
• Mar di Barents
• Mar di Beaufort
• Mar di Bering
• Mar di Celebes
• Mar di Ceram
• Mar di Flores
• Mar di Galilea
• Mar di Giava
• Mar di Groenlandia
• Mar di Kara
• Mar di Laptev
• Mar di Marmara
• Mar di Mindanao
• Mar di Norvegia
• Mar di Ohotsk
• Mar di Ross
• Mar di Sardegna
• Mar di Sibuyan
• Mar di Sicilia
• Mar di Sulu
• Mar di Tasmania
• Mar di Timor
• Mar di Weddell
• Mar Egeo
• Mar Giallo (“Yellow Sea”)
• Mar Glaciale Artico
• Mar Ionio (“Ionian Sea”)
• Mar Ligure
• Mar Mediterraneo (“Mediterranean Sea”)
• Mar Morto (“Dead Sea”)
• Mar Nero
• Mar Rosso (“Red Sea”)
• Mar Tirreno

Judeo-Tat

Etymology

Etymology tree

Middle Persian 𐭬𐭠𐭥 (mʾʿ)

Classical Persian مَار (mār)

Judeo-Tat mar

Inherited from Classical Persian مَار (mār), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭠𐭥 (mʾʿ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /maɾ/

Noun

mar (Cyrillic spelling мар)

1. snake

References

• Нафталиев, М. Н. (2015), “mar”, in Е. М. Назарова, editor, Еврейско (джуури)-русский словарь [Juhuri–Russian Dictionary]‎^[6], Moscow: СТМЭГИ, page 314
• Агарунов, Я.; Агарунов, М. (2010), Большой словарь языка горских евреев джуури [Large Dictionary of the Juhuri Language of Mountain Jews]‎^[7] (in Russian), Baku: Абилов, Зейналов и сыновья, page 165

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

Derived from Portuguese mar.

Noun

mar

1. sea
2. ocean

References

• Gonçalves, Manuel (2015), Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary (overall work in English), Mili Mila, →ISBN

Ladino

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish mar (“sea”), from Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Noun

mar f (Hebrew spelling מאר)

1. sea (a large body of salt water)
   • 2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Vejés liviana‎^[8], נור הפקות, page 59:

     Vinieron al bodre de la mar. Avía un barko, i los ombres se suvieron enriva del barko, i él se suvió kon eyos. Empesaron a lavorar a las velas, i el barko partió.

     They came to the sea’s edge. There was a ship, and the men climbed on top of it, and it rose up with them. They began to work on the sails, and the ship departed.

Lombard

Etymology

Akin to Italian mare, from Latin.

Noun

mar

1. sea

Maltese

Root
m-w-r
4 terms

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic مَارَ (māra, “to budge, to move forth, to fluctuate, to undergo commotion”) in form, influenced by Arabic مَرَّ (marra, “to pass”) in meaning.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maːr/
• Rhymes: -aːr

Verb

mar (imperfect jmur, verbal noun mawra or mawrien)

1. to go
   • 2008, Trevor Żahra, Il-Ġenn li Jżommni f’Sikti, Merlin Publishers, →ISBN:

     Niftakar li kont mort mal-folla u ma’ sħabi ta’ l-Azzjoni Kattolika biex nilqgħuh fi dħul iż-Żejtun.

     I remember that I went with the group and with my friends from 'Catholic Action', so we can welcome him at the entrance of Żejtun.

Conjugation

Conjugation of mar (irregular)

positive forms
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	mort	mort	mar	morna	mortu	marru
	f			marret
imperfect	m	mmur	tmur	jmur	mmorru	tmorru	jmorru
	f			tmur
imperative			mur			morru
negative forms
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	mortx	mortx	marx	morniex	mortux	marrux
	f			marritx
imperfect	m	mmurx	tmurx	jmurx	mmorrux	tmorrux	jmorrux
	f			tmurx
imperative			tmurx			tmorrux

Manado Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch maar, from Middle Dutch maer.

Conjunction

mar

1. but

References

• Balai Bahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara (2021), Kamus Dwibahasa Melayu Manado-Indonesia (in Indonesian), Manado: Balai Bahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

Marshallese

Pronunciation

• (phonetics) IPA^(key): [mʲɑrˠ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /mʲærˠ/
• Bender phonemes: {mar}

Noun

mar

1. a bush
2. a shrub
3. a boondock
4. a thicket

References

• Abo, Takaji; Bender Byron W.; Capelle, Alfred; DeBrum, Tony (2009–), “mar”, in Marshallese–English Online Dictionary‎^[9]

Norman

Alternative forms

• mare (continental Normandy, Guernsey)
• mathe (Jersey)

Etymology

Inherited from Old French mare.

Noun

mar f (plural mars)

1. (Sark) pool

Northern Kurdish

Noun

mar m

1. snake
2. marriage

Occitan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Occitan mar, from Latin mare.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Noun

mar f (plural mars)

1. sea (large body of water)

Derived terms

• liri de mar

Old French

Adjective

mar m (feminine mare)

1. alternative form of mare

Adverb

mar

1. alternative form of mare

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

• mare

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Indo-European *móri (“sea”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmaɾ/

Noun

mar m (plural mars)

1. sea
   • 13th century, Vindel manuscript, Martín Codax, Mia irmana fremosa, treides comigo (facsimile)

     Mia irmana fremoſa treides de grado / ala ygreia de uigo u e o mar leuado / E miraremos las ondas.

     Lovely sister, come willingly / To the church in Vigo, where the sea is up, / And we will gaze at the waves.

Descendants

• Galician: mar m
• Portuguese: mar m (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Universo Cantigas - "mar ~ mare"

Old Norse

Noun

mar

1. accusative/dative singular of marr

Old Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Indo-European *móri (“sea”).

Noun

mar f

1. sea (a large body of salt water)
   • (Can we date this quote?), Alfonso X, Lapidario, page f. 83v.:

     […] ⁊ dond ell comiença a correr faſta do entra en la mar, a dozientos migeros.

     […] and from where it starts running to where it enters the sea, there are two hundred miles.

Descendants

• Ladino: mar, מאר
• Spanish: mar

References

• Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946), “mar”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 326

Polish

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of marzec.

Noun

mar m inan

1. abbreviation of marzec or marca (“March”)

   Coordinate terms: sty, lut, kwi, maj, cze, lip, sie, wrz, paź, lis, gru

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmar/
• Rhymes: -ar
• Syllabification: mar

Noun

mar f

1. genitive plural of mara

Portuguese

mar

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese mar (“sea”), from Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri. Compare Galician mar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʁ/ [ˈmah]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʁ/ [ˈmah]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈmaɾ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʁ/ [ˈmaχ]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /ˈmaɻ/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈmaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈmaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈma.ɾi/

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Homophones: (Caipira) mal, (non-rhotic accents) má, (Portugal) mare
• Hyphenation: mar

Noun

mar m (plural mares)

1. sea
2. (planetology) mare

   Synonym: mare

3. (figurative) a multitude; a great amount or number of things

   Há um mar de possibilidades. ― There's a multitude of possibilities.

Derived terms

• amarar
• gaivotas em terra, tempestade no mar
• Mar Adriático
• mar alto
• Mar Amarelo
• Mar Aral
• Mar Báltico
• Mar Branco
• Mar Cáspio
• mar chão
• Mar da Noruega
• Mar das Caraíbas / Mar do Caribe
• Mar de Azov
• mar de rosas
• Mar do Japão
• Mar do Norte
• Mar dos Sargaços
• Mar Egeu
• Mar Jónico / Mar Jônico
• Mar Mediterrâneo
• Mar Morto
• Mar Negro
• Mar Tirreno
• Mar Vermelho
• volta do mar

Related terms

• maré
• mareiro
• maresia
• marina
• marinha
• marinheiro
• marinho
• marítimo
• marujo

Descendants

• Kabuverdianu: mar, már

Etymology 2

Adverb

mar

1. eye dialect spelling of mal, representing Caipira Portuguese

Further reading

• “mar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “mar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romansh

Alternative forms

• mer (Puter)

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Noun

mar f (plural mars)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sea

Noun

mar m (plural mars)

1. (Vallader) sea

Satawalese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Oceanic *mara (“to spoil, to go foul [of food]” – compare with Tongan mā “breadfruit preserve, Western bread”, Māori mara “food preserved by steeping in water”, Samoan mala “soft [of food]” and Fijian mara “stench of a corpse”).

Noun

mar

1. preserve of fermented breadfruit stored in pits prior

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• (Lewis) man

Etymology

Inherited from Old Irish immar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maɾ/

Preposition

mar (+ nominative with the definite article, + dative otherwise, triggers lenition)

1. as
2. like

Derived terms

• ciamar
• mar eadh
• mar eisimpleir
• mar seo
• mar sin

Conjunction

mar (Tiree, Colonsay, Islay)

1. when (relative/non-interrogative)

   Synonyms: nuair, dar

Further reading

• Emily Edwards, editor (2007), Seanchas Ìle: Cruinneachadh, clàrachadh agus gleidheadh dualchas Gàidhlig Ìle / Collecting, recording and preserving Islay's Gaelic heritage, Glendaruel: Argyll Publishing, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mâːr/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *marъ.

Noun

mȃr m inan (Cyrillic spelling ма̑р)

1. (rare) diligence
2. (rare) eagerness, zeal

Declension

Declension of mar

	singular	plural
nominative	mar	marovi
genitive	mara	marova
dative	maru	marovima
accusative	mar	marove
vocative	mare	marovi
locative	maru	marovima
instrumental	marom	marovima

See also

• marljivost
• marljiv

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of mart.

Noun

mar m inan (Cyrillic spelling мар)

1. (Bosnia, Serbia) abbreviation of mart (“March”)

   Synonym: (Croatia) ožu

   Coordinate terms: jan, feb, apr, maj, jun, jul, (Serbia) avg/(Bosnia) aug, sep, okt, nov, dec

Slovak

Noun

mar m inan

1. (rare, technical, proscribed elsewhere) alternative form of mar.: abbreviation of marec (“March”)

   Coordinate terms: jan, feb, apr, máj, jún, júl, aug, sep, okt, nov, dec

Somali

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *mar-/*mir-/*mur- (“to pass along”). Cognate with Maay marow (“to pass”), Jiiddu maraal (“to pass”), Oromo maruu (“to wind, roll, swirl”). Compare with Arabic مَرَّ (marra, “to pass, elapse”).

Verb

mar (causative mari, passive maran, middle maro)

1. (intransitive) pass by

References

• Reinisch, Leo (1902), Die Somali-Sprache (in German), volume 2, Wien, Austria, page 297

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmaɾ/ [ˈmaɾ]

• Audio (Spain):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: mar

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish mar (“sea”), from Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri. osp +‎ mar. Compare French mer, Italian mare, Portuguese mar, Romanian mare.

Noun

mar m or f same meaning (plural mares)

1. sea

   Cuba está ubicada en el mar Caribe.

   Cuba is located in the Caribbean sea.

   • 2008, Cécile Corbel, “En la mar [In the Middle of the Sea]”, in Songbook vol. 2‎^[10] (CD), performed by Cécile Corbel, Brittany: Keltia Musique:

     En la mar hay una torre
     En la torre una ventana
     En la ventana hay una hija
     Que a los marineros ama.

     In the middle of the sea there's a tower
     In the tower there's a window
     At the window there's a maiden
     Who loves the sailors.

2. seaside
3. (selenology) lunar mare
4. (la mar) loads
5. (la mar de) really; hella

Usage notes

• Mar is usually treated as a masculine noun in formal prose and as a feminine noun by sailors, in poetry or in fixed expressions like me cago en la mar or me cago en la mar salada.

Hyponyms

• See also Category:es:Seas.

Derived terms

• a mares
• agua de mar
• aguamar
• alta mar
• anémona de mar
• araña de mar
• arar en el mar
• arenaria de mar
• arrojarse a la mar
• artillero de mar
• azul de mar
• barbo de mar
• bellota de mar
• brazo de mar
• brezo de mar
• buey de mar
• caballito de mar
• caballo de mar
• cabo de mar
• cangrejo de mar
• carajo de mar
• chocha de mar
• ciencias del mar
• cigarra de mar
• clavelina de mar
• cohombro de mar
• creciente del mar
• dátil de mar
• de mar a mar
• echar agua al mar
• Edimburgo de los Siete Mares
• encaje de mar
• erizo de mar
• espuma de mar
• estrella de mar
• galleta de mar
• gallina de mar
• golondrina de mar
• hacerse a la mar
• la mar
• la mar en coche
• libertad de los mares
• lirio de mar
• llover a mares
• mar adentro
• Mar Argentino
• mar de batalla
• mar de fondo
• mar de leche
• mar de leva
• mar de viento
• mar marginal
• mar territorial
• matrícula de mar
• me cago en la mar
• metro sobre el nivel del mar
• nivel del mar
• nutria de mar
• oreja de mar
• orilla del mar
• ortiga de mar
• oruga de mar
• pato de mar
• pelillos a la mar
• pepino de mar
• perejil de mar
• piojo de mar
• protesta de mar
• puerco de mar
• pulga de mar
• rábano de mar
• rata de mar
• sudar a mares
• trucha de mar
• ultramar
• uvas de mar
• zorra de mar

Related terms

• marea
• marear
• maremoto
• mareo
• marina
• marino
• marisco
• marisma
• marítimo

Descendants

• → Aymara: lamara
• → Classical Nahuatl: láma̱r
• → Papiamentu: lama, laman

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of marzo.

Noun

mar m

1. alternative form of mar.: abbreviation of marzo (“March”)

   Coordinate terms: ene, feb, abr, may, jun, jul, ago, sept, oct, nov, dic

Further reading

• “mar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Sumerian

Romanization

mar

1. romanization of 𒈥 (mar)

Swedish

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of mars.

Noun

mar c

1. alternative form of mar.: abbreviation of mars (“March”)

   Coordinate terms: jan, feb, apr, maj, jun, jul, aug, sep, okt, nov, dec

Etymology 2

From Germanic mari-. mardröm is unrelated.

Noun

mar

1. (rare) sea (large body of salt water)
2. (rare) shallow, muddy bay (of the sea)
   • Geddan trifves bland vass i vikar och marar. (Carl Ulrik Cederström, Fiskodling och Sveriges fiskerier, 1857, page 83.)
3. (rare) small body of water, marsh
4. (rare) meadowland (which used to be seabed)
5. (rare) low, sandy beach of the sea, flying sand field

Related terms

• manet
• mar-
• mareld
• markatta
• marso
• marsugga
• marsvin
• martorn
• marulk
• moras

Anagrams

• arm, ram

Tat

Etymology

Cognate with Persian مار (mâr).

Noun

mar

1. snake

Torres Strait Creole

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

mar

1. (western dialect) a person's shadow

Synonyms

• mari (eastern dialect)

Uzbek

Noun

mar

1. abbreviation of mart (“March”)

   Coordinate terms: yan, fev, apr, may, iyn, iyl, avg, sen, okt, noy, dek

Venetan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri. Compare Italian mare.

Noun

mar m (plural mari)

1. sea

West Frisian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch maar.

Adverb

mar

1. only, solely

Further reading

• “mar (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Conjunction

mar

1. but

Further reading

• “mar (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Noun

mar c (plural marren)

1. but

Further reading

• “mar (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Frisian mere, from Proto-West Germanic *mari.

Noun

mar c (plural marren, diminutive marke)

1. lake

Further reading

• “mar (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Wolof

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

mar

1. thirst

Zaghawa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maɾ/

Noun

mar

1. star

References

• Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

Zazaki

Alternative forms

• mor

Etymology

Related to Persian مار (mâr)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmɑɾ]
• Hyphenation: mar

Noun

mar m

1. (zoology) snake

Noun

mar f

1. (family) mother (specification)