-at
See also: Appendix:Variations of "at"
Languages (20)
Albanian • Catalan • Czech • Danish • French • German • Hungarian • Latin • Malay • Maltese • Northern Sami • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Norse • Palula • Polish • Romanian • Serbo-Croatian • Turkish • Volapük
Page categories
Page categories
Albanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat Bushat.[1] The [-t] as [-s] as both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. Toponym is considered a preservation of Illyrian *-atāi, attested in [Labeatai], [Docleatae], [Autoriatae], [Delmatae].[2] See -të
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at m
- used to form toponyms. -ian
References
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)
- forms the masculine singular past participle of verbs whose infinitives end in -ar
Suffix
[edit]-at (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)
- forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “which contains the suffixed noun”
Suffix
[edit]-at m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ats)
- forms nouns, from the names of types of professionals, meaning the position of being that type of professional; -dom
- almirall (“admiral”) + -at → almirallat (“admiralty”)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “-at”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
- “-at” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Czech
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Czech -ati, from Proto-Slavic *-ati.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- a common ending for many infinitive verbs
- forms imperfective verbs
- forms iterative verbs
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- -at in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at n
- used to form nouns
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “-at” in Den Danske Ordbog
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Derived from Latin -ātus, -ātūs, whence also English -ate. See etymology at -ate for more.
Suffix
[edit]-at m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ats)
- forms nouns denoting a rank or office
- directorat (“directorate”)
- forms nouns denoting the concrete charge, context of a rank or office
- forms nouns denoting a group of officials associated with a rank or office
- forms nouns denoting a social or political system ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office
- forms nouns denoting a state (government) ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office
- forms nouns denoting a state associated with one's social situation
- forms nouns denoting a place where people in a certain state are found
- orphelin (“orphan”) + -at → orphelinat (“orphanage”)
- -ship, -hood
- assistant (“assistant”) + -at → assistanat (“assistantship”)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Derived from Latin -ātus, -ātī, whence also English -ate, -ee, and the inherited French doublet -é.[1] See etymology at -ate for more.
Suffix
[edit]-at m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ats)
References
[edit]- ^ é-; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at n
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From -a- (linking vowel) + -t (causative suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-at
- (causative suffix) Added to a back-vowel verb (or extremely rarely to a noun) to form a verb with a meaning of let or make somebody do something.
Usage notes
[edit]- (causative suffix) Variants:
- -at is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
- -et is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
- -tat is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
- tisztít (“to clean”) + -tat → tisztíttat (“to have someone clean or to have something cleaned”)
- -tet is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Műveltető (faktitív) “Factitive” in Kiefer, Ferenc (ed.). Strukturális magyar nyelvtan 3. Morfológia (“A structural grammar of Hungarian, Vol. 3. Morphology”), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2000.
Etymology 2
[edit]From -a- (linking vowel) + -t (noun-forming suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-at
- (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun, expressing the result of the action or sometimes a more abstract relation (compare -ás/-és).
Usage notes
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Other terms
Etymology 3
[edit]From -a- (linking vowel) + -t (accusative suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-at (accusative case suffix)
- Forms the accusative case for a certain group of back-vowel nouns and numerals, back-vowel past participles, most back-vowel adjectives, and all back-vowel forms following any other inflectional suffix(es).
- ház (“house”) → Vettem egy házat. ― I bought a house.
- okos (“smart, clever”) → okosat (“smart, clever [acc.]”)
- hány? (“how many”) → hányat? (“how many [acc.]”)
- három (“three”) → hármat (“three [acc.]”)
- ablakok (“windows”) → ablakokat (“windows [acc.]”)
- asztalom (“my desk/table”) → asztalomat (“my desk/table [acc.]”)
- nagyobb (“bigger”) → nagyobbat (“a/the bigger one [acc.]”)
- nyitott (“opened”) → nyitottat (“the opened one [acc.]”)
Usage notes
[edit]- (accusative case suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:
- -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.
- -ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.
- Elviszem a kabátom(at/∅), kabátod(at/∅); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.
- I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, [plural] your coat, their coat; my coats etc.
- It is also omitted usually from the accusative forms of first- and second-person singular personal pronouns (engem, téged (“me, you”)).
| case | back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
front vowel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
| nominative | — | ||
| accusative | -t | ||
| -ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
| dative | -nak | -nek | |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | |
| causal-final | -ért | ||
| translative | -vá | -vé | |
| terminative | -ig | ||
| essive-formal | -ként1 | ||
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | |
| superessive | -n | ||
| -on | -en | -ön | |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | |
| illative | -ba | -be | |
| sublative | -ra | -re | |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | |
| delative | -ról | -ről | |
| ablative | -tól | -től | |
See also
[edit]1Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise.
Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template
Etymology 4
[edit]From -atik (passive-forming suffix), removing the ending.
Suffix
[edit]-at
- combining form of -atik (passive-forming suffix) before all inflectional and derivational suffixes, except the dictionary form itself, the indefinite third-person singular present indicative
- elnyomatik (“to be suppressed”) → elnyomatás (“suppression”, being suppressed).
Usage notes
[edit](combining forms of the passive-forming suffix) Variants: -at-, -et-, -tat-, -tet- (from -atik, -etik, -tatik, -tetik), as well as the tautological (doubly suffixed) forms -attat-, -ettet- (from -attatik, -ettetik). See more in the template of the full forms of this suffix.
See also
[edit]Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Italic *-āt, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈat]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈat]
Suffix
[edit]-at
- third-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)
Descendants
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-āt
- (poetic, syncopated, rare) third-person singular perfect active indicative of -ō (first conjugation; verbs with the perfect infix -av-)
Descendants
[edit]Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- Suffix used to derive the plural and feminine form of certain nouns derived from Arabic.
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix is unproductive.
Derived terms
[edit]Maltese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- alternative form of -iet (noun plural suffix)
Usage notes
[edit]- Regularly used after għ. Otherwise only in exceptional forms, though somewhat commonly after ħ and q.
Northern Sami
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Samic *-ëŋkë.
Suffix
[edit]-at
- Forms adjectives indicating something that is possessed as a characteristic.
- guhkes juolgi (“long leg”) + -at → guhkesjuolggat (“long-legged”)
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
[edit]| Odd, no gradation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Attributive | -at | |
| Nominative | -at | |
| Genitive | -aga | |
| Attributive | -at | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | -at | -agat |
| Accusative | -aga | -agiid |
| Genitive | -aga | -agiid |
| Illative | -agii | -agiidda |
| Locative | -agis | -agiin |
| Comitative | -agiin | -agiiguin |
| Essive | -agin | |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Samic *-ëtē, from Proto-Uralic *-eta. Related to Finnish -ea/-eä.
Suffix
[edit]-at
- Forms adjectives from stems, without any particular meaning. Often, the more basic stem is an adverb, the adjective's own attributive form, or has fallen out of use altogether.
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
[edit]| Odd, no gradation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Attributive | — | |
| Nominative | -at | |
| Genitive | -ada | |
| Attributive | — | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | -at | -adat |
| Accusative | -ada | -adiid |
| Genitive | -ada | -adiid |
| Illative | -adii | -adiidda |
| Locative | -adis | -adiin |
| Comitative | -adiin | -adiiguin |
| Essive | -adin | |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- Form of the suffix -a used with odd-syllable stems.
Inflection
[edit]| Even a-stem, hk-g gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -at | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | -aga | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | -at | -agat | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | -aga | -agaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | -aga | -agaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Illative | -ahkii | -agaide | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | -agas | -again | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Comitative | -again | -agaiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Essive | -ahkan | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at n
- used to form nouns
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at n
- used to form nouns
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “-at” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Possibly from Proto-Germanic *aiwwihtiz, whence Old English āwiht (“anything, something; at all”). The prototype of ek veit-at 'I don't know' would then be Proto-Norse *ek ne wait aiwwihti 'I know not at all', after which *aiwwihti was reduced to -at and ne eventually dropped in a process identical to the origin of French pas (“not”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-at
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “-at”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 22; also available at the Internet Archive
Palula
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- Second person plural suffix
Alternative forms
[edit]- -íit (With e-ending verb stems)
- -óot (With a-ending verb stems)
- -et (Biori)
- -éet (With e-ending verb stems in Biori)
- -áat (With a-ending verb stems in Biori)
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “-at”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at m
Declension
[edit]Inanimate declension:
Declension of -at
Animate declension:
Declension of -at
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at m or n (feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați, feminine/neuter plural -ate)
- Used with a stem to form the masculine singular past participle of regular -a (first conjugation) verbs.
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
| nominative- accusative |
indefinite | -at | -ată | -ați | -ate | ||
| definite | -atul | -ata | -ații | -atele | |||
| genitive- dative |
indefinite | -at | -ate | -ați | -ate | ||
| definite | -atului | -atei | -aților | -atelor | |||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from German -at, first from direct loanwords, and later becoming productive on its own.
Suffix
[edit]-at m anim or m inan (Cyrillic spelling -ат, noun-forming suffix)
- Used on nominal and verbal stems of loanwords, rarely of native words, to build nouns of various meanings.
- Denoting a person.
- Denoting a room, building or field.
- Denoting an honor or service.
- Denoting collectivity.
- Denoting things.
- bikarbóna → bikarbònāt
- jod → jòdāt
- separirati → sepàrāt
- Denoting abstract notions.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Babić, Stjepan (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, Zagreb: HAZU, page(s) 358
Turkish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـات, borrowed from Arabic ـَات (-āt).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at (no longer productive)
- Forms plurals from words of Arabic origin.
- Forms collective nouns.
- Forms nouns referring to fields of knowledge or practice.
References
[edit]- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/ek/%2B%C4%81t”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Volapük
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- Used to indicate an amount
Derived terms
[edit]Categories:
- Albanian terms derived from Illyrian
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian suffixes
- Albanian masculine suffixes
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan suffixes
- Catalan past participle-forming suffixes
- Catalan adjective-forming suffixes
- Catalan noun-forming suffixes
- Catalan countable suffixes
- Catalan masculine suffixes
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech suffixes
- Danish terms borrowed from Latin
- Danish terms derived from Latin
- Danish lemmas
- Danish suffixes
- Danish neuter suffixes
- Danish noun-forming suffixes
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French terms derived from Latin
- French lemmas
- French suffixes
- French noun-forming suffixes
- French countable suffixes
- French masculine suffixes
- French doublets
- French terms with rare senses
- German terms borrowed from Latin
- German terms derived from Latin
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German noun-forming suffixes
- German neuter suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒt
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒt/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian verb-forming suffixes
- Hungarian noun-forming suffixes
- Hungarian case suffixes
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian combining forms
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with multiple morpheme etymologies
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin suffix forms
- Latin poetic terms
- Latin syncopic forms
- Latin terms with rare senses
- Malay terms borrowed from Arabic
- Malay terms derived from Arabic
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay lemmas
- Malay suffixes
- Malay unproductive suffixes
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese suffixes
- Northern Sami terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Sami 1-syllable words
- Northern Sami terms inherited from Proto-Samic
- Northern Sami terms derived from Proto-Samic
- Northern Sami lemmas
- Northern Sami suffixes
- Northern Sami adjective-forming suffixes
- Northern Sami odd adjectives
- Northern Sami non-gradating odd adjectives
- Northern Sami terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Northern Sami terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Northern Sami noun-forming suffixes
- Northern Sami even nouns
- Northern Sami even a-stem nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål noun-forming suffixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter suffixes
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse suffixes
- Old Norse terms with usage examples
- Palula terms with IPA pronunciation
- Palula lemmas
- Palula suffixes
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms derived from Latin
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/at
- Rhymes:Polish/at/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish masculine suffixes
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian suffixes
- Romanian adjective-forming suffixes
- Romanian masculine suffixes
- Romanian neuter suffixes
- Romanian suffixes with multiple genders
- Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from German
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from German
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian noun-forming suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian masculine animate nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine inanimate nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian animate suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian inanimate suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes with multiple animacies
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Turkish/ɑt
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük suffixes