-at

See also: Appendix:Variations of "at"

Albanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat Bushat.^[1] The [-t] as [-s] as both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. Toponym is considered a preservation of Illyrian *-atāi, attested in [Labeatai], [Docleatae], [Autoriatae], [Delmatae].^[2] See -të

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /at/

Suffix[edit]

-at m (-at m)

used to form toponyms. -ian

References[edit]

^ Dhrimo, Ali. Për Shqipen dhe shqiptarët. 2008
^ Kulla, Ariola. (2010). the Albanian Lingustic Journey from Ancient Illyrcum to EU. Linköping University. p. 21.

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin -ātus.

Suffix[edit]

-at (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)

forms the masculine singular past participle of verbs whose infinitives end in -ar
‎parlar (“to speak”) + ‎-at → ‎parlat (“spoken”)

Suffix[edit]

-at (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)

forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “which contains the suffixed noun”
‎piga (“freckle”) + ‎-at → ‎pigat (“freckled”)

Suffix[edit]

-at m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ats)

forms nouns, from the names of types of professionals, meaning the position of being that type of professional; -dom
‎almirall (“admiral”) + ‎-at → ‎almirallat (“admiralty”)

Derived terms[edit]

Catalan terms suffixed with -at

Czech[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at

a common ending for many infinitive verbs

Derived terms[edit]

Czech terms suffixed with -at

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate, and the inherited French doublet -é.^[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /a/

Suffix[edit]

-at m (plural -ats)

denotes an action or a result of an action
‎assassiner (“to assassinate”) + ‎-at → ‎assassinat (“assassination”)

Derived terms[edit]

French terms suffixed with -at

References[edit]

^ é-; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate.

Pronunciation[edit]

Audio (file)

Suffix[edit]

-at n

-ate

Derived terms[edit]

German terms suffixed with -at

Descendants[edit]

→ Russian: -ат (-at)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: -ат
- Latin script: -at
→ Ukrainian: -ат (-at)

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [ɒt]
Rhymes: -ɒt

Etymology 1[edit]

From -a- (linking vowel) +‎ -t (causative suffix).

Suffix[edit]

-at

(causative suffix) Added to a back-vowel verb (or extremely rarely to a noun) to form a verb with a meaning of let or make somebody do something.
Synonyms: -tat/-tet, -aszt/-eszt/-öszt, -jt/-ajt/-ejt, -ít, -dít, (obsolete in this sense) -t

‎zár (“to close”) + ‎-at → ‎zárat (“to make someone close something or to have something closed”)

Usage notes[edit]

(causative suffix) Variants:
-at is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-at → ‎várat (“to have someone wait”)

-et is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
‎kér (“to ask for”) + ‎-et → ‎kéret (“to have someone ask(ed) for; to summon someone [by ordering a servant to fetch him/her]”)

-tat is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
‎tisztít (“to clean”) + ‎-tat → ‎tisztíttat (“to have someone clean or to have something cleaned”)

-tet is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
‎keres (“to look for”) + ‎-tet → ‎kerestet (“to have someone look(ed) for”)

Derived terms[edit]

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -at

Etymology 2[edit]

From -a- (linking vowel) +‎ -t (noun-forming suffix).

Suffix[edit]

-at

(noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun, expressing the result of the action or sometimes a more abstract relation (compare -ás/-és).
Synonym: -mány/-mény

Usage notes[edit]

(noun-forming suffix) Variants:
-at is added to back-vowel verbs
‎gondol (“to think”) + ‎-at → ‎gondolat (“a thought, an idea”)

‎mond (“to say”) + ‎-at → ‎mondat (“sentence”)

-et is added to front-vowel verbs
‎dicsér (“to praise”) + ‎-et → ‎dicséret (“praise, commendation”)

‎él (“to live”) + ‎-et → ‎élet (“life”)

‎ítél (“to judge”) + ‎-et → ‎ítélet (“judgment”)

‎mér (“to measure”) + ‎-et → ‎méret (“measurement, size”)

Derived terms[edit]

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -at

Other terms

sarkalatos

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions)
ed	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)*
case	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)*	v. pr.	c.
nom.	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / -∅ az / -∅	–	–
acc.	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / -∅ azt / -∅	–	c₁ c₂
dat.	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	c
ins.	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		c
c-f.	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	c
tra.	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	c
ter.	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	c
e-f.	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	c
e-m.	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	c
ine.	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	c
sup.	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	c
ade.	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	c
ill.	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	c
sub.	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	c
all.	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	c
el.	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	c
del.	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	c
abl.	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	c
: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All »*

From -a- (linking vowel) +‎ -t (accusative suffix).

Suffix[edit]

-at (accusative case suffix)

Forms the accusative case for a certain group of back-vowel nouns and numerals, back-vowel past participles, most back-vowel adjectives, and all back-vowel forms following any other inflectional suffix(es).
ház (“house”) → Vettem egy házat. ― I bought a house.

okos (“smart, clever”) → okosat (“smart, clever [acc.]”)

hány? (“how many”) → hányat? (“how many [acc.]”)

három (“three”) → hármat (“three [acc.]”)

ablakok (“windows”) → ablakokat (“windows [acc.]”)

asztalom (“my desk/table”) → asztalomat (“my desk/table [acc.]”)

nagyobb (“bigger”) → nagyobbat (“a/the bigger one [acc.]”)

nyitott (“opened”) → nyitottat (“the opened one [acc.]”)

Usage notes[edit]

(accusative case suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:
-t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.

-ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

-et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

-öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

-∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.
Elviszem a kabátom(at/∅), kabátod(at/∅); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.
I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, [plural] your coat, their coat; my coats etc.

It is also omitted usually from the accusative forms of first- and second-person singular personal pronouns (engem, téged (“me, you”)).

Hungarian case suffixes

Case	Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	Front vowel
Case	Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	unrounded e, é, i, í	rounded ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative	—
accusative	-t
accusative	-ot / -at	-et	-öt
dative	-nak	-nek
instrumental	-val	-vel
causal-final	-ért
translative	-vá	-vé
terminative	-ig
essive-formal	-ként
essive-modal	-ul	-ül
inessive	-ban	-ben
superessive	-n
superessive	-on	-en	-ön
adessive	-nál	-nél
illative	-ba	-be
sublative	-ra	-re
allative	-hoz	-hez	-höz
elative	-ból	-ből
delative	-ról	-ről
ablative	-tól	-től
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként

Etymology 4[edit]

From -atik (passive-forming suffix), removing the ending.

Suffix[edit]

-at

Combining form of -atik (passive-forming suffix) before all inflectional and derivational suffixes, except the dictionary form itself, the indefinite third-person singular present indicative
elnyomatik (“to be suppressed”) → elnyomatás (“suppression”, being suppressed).

Usage notes[edit]

(combining forms of the passive-forming suffix) Variants: -at-, -et-, -tat-, -tet- (from -atik, -etik, -tatik, -tetik), as well as the tautological (doubly suffixed) forms -attat-, -ettet- (from -attatik, -ettetik). See more in the template of the full forms of this suffix.

Latin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Italic *-āt, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti.

Pronunciation[edit]

(Classical) IPA^(key): /at/, [ät̪]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /at/, [ät̪]

Suffix[edit]

-at

third-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)

Descendants[edit]

Old Galician-Portuguese: -a
- Fala: -a
- Galician: -a
- Portuguese: -a
Spanish: -a

Suffix[edit]

-āt

(poetic, syncopated, rare) third-person singular perfect active indicative of -ō (first conjugation; verbs with the perfect infix -av-)

Descendants[edit]

Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: -a
  - French: -a

Maltese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /aːt/

Suffix[edit]

-at

Alternative form of -iet (noun plural suffix)

Usage notes[edit]

Regularly used after għ. Otherwise only in exceptional forms, though somewhat commonly after ħ and q.

Northern Sami[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈ-ah(t)/

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Samic *-ëŋkë.

Suffix[edit]

-at

Forms adjectives indicating something that is possessed as a characteristic.
‎guhkes juolgi (“long leg”) + ‎-at → ‎guhkesjuolggat (“long-legged”)

Usage notes[edit]

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection[edit]

Odd, no gradation
Attributive	-at
Nominative	-at
Genitive	-aga
Attributive	-at
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-at	-agat
Accusative	-aga	-agiid
Genitive	-aga	-agiid
Illative	-agii	-agiidda
Locative	-agis	-agiin
Comitative	-agiin	-agiiguin
Essive	-agin

Derived terms[edit]

Northern Sami terms suffixed with -at (characteristic)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Samic *-ëtē, from Proto-Uralic *-eta. Related to Finnish -ea/-eä.

Suffix[edit]

-at

Forms adjectives from stems, without any particular meaning. Often, the more basic stem is an adverb, the adjective's own attributive form, or has fallen out of use altogether.

Usage notes[edit]

This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection[edit]

Odd, no gradation
Attributive	—
Nominative	-at
Genitive	-ada
Attributive	—
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-at	-adat
Accusative	-ada	-adiid
Genitive	-ada	-adiid
Illative	-adii	-adiidda
Locative	-adis	-adiin
Comitative	-adiin	-adiiguin
Essive	-adin

Derived terms[edit]

Northern Sami terms suffixed with -at (adjective)

Etymology 3[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at

Form of the suffix -a used with odd-syllable stems.

Inflection[edit]

Even a-stem, hk-g gradation

Nominative

-at

Genitive

-aga

Singular

Plural

Nominative

-at

Accusative

Genitive

Illative

Locative

Comitative

Essive

Possessive forms
	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	-ahkan	-ahkame	-ahkamet
2nd person	-ahkat	-ahkade	-ahkadet
3rd person	-ahkas	-ahkaska	-ahkaset

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin -ātus.

Suffix[edit]

-at n

used to form nouns

Derived terms[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål terms suffixed with -at

References[edit]

“-at” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“-at” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin -atus.

Suffix[edit]

-at n

used to form nouns

Derived terms[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk terms suffixed with -at

References[edit]

“-at” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

-a, -t (after vowels)

Etymology[edit]

Possibly from Proto-Germanic *aiwwihtiz, whence Old English āwiht (“anything, something; at all”). The prototype of ek veit-at 'I don't know' would then be Proto-Norse *ek ne wait aiwwihti 'I know not at all', after which *aiwwihti was reduced to -at and ne eventually dropped in a process identical to the origin of French pas (“not”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix[edit]

-at

negative verbal suffix; does not
Synonyms: eigi, né

hann veitat
he knows not

Derived terms[edit]

Old Norse terms suffixed with -at

References[edit]

at in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Phalura[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /-at/

Suffix[edit]

-at

Second person plural suffix

Alternative forms[edit]

-íit (With e-ending verb stems)
-óot (With a-ending verb stems)
-et (Biori)
-éet (With e-ending verb stems in Biori)
-áat (With a-ending verb stems in Biori)

References[edit]

Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /at/
Rhymes: -at
Syllabification: at

Suffix[edit]

-at m

forms masculine nouns; -ate, -age
‎anonim + ‎-at → ‎anonimat

Declension[edit]

Inanimate declension:

Declension of -at

	singular	plural
nominative	-at	-aty
genitive	-atu	-atów
dative	-atowi	-atom
accusative	-at	-aty
instrumental	-atem	-atami
locative	-acie	-atach
vocative	-acie	-aty

Animate declension:

Declension of -at

	singular	plural
nominative	-at	-aci/-aty (deprecative)
genitive	-ata	-atów
dative	-atowi	-atom
accusative	-ata	-atów
instrumental	-atem	-atami
locative	-acie	-atach
vocative	-acie	-aci

Derived terms[edit]

Polish terms suffixed with -at

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /at/

Suffix[edit]

-at m or n (feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați, feminine and neuter plural -ate)

Used with a stem to form the masculine singular past participle of regular -a (first conjugation) verbs.
‎arunca (“to throw”) + ‎-at → ‎aruncat (“thrown”)

‎cânta (“to sing”) + ‎-at → ‎cântat (“sung”)

Declension[edit]

Declension of -at

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	-at		-ată	-ați	-ate
nominative/ accusative	definite	-atul		-ata	-ații	-atele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	-at		-ate	-ați	-ate
genitive/ dative	definite	-atului		-atei	-aților	-atelor

Derived terms[edit]

Romanian terms suffixed with -at

Related terms[edit]

-it

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From German -at, first from direct loanwords, and later becoming productive on its own.

Suffix[edit]

-at (Cyrillic spelling -ат)

Used on nominal and verbal stems of loanwords, rarely of native words, to build nouns of various meanings.
1. Denoting a person.
  adrèsa → adrèsāt
  
  ȗnija → unìjat
  
  Ȃzija → Azìjat
  
  Mìja → Mìjat
  
  delegácija → delègāt
  
  kandidírati → kandìdāt
2. Denoting a room, building or field.
  dèkān → dekànāt
  
  ekònom → ekonòmāt
  
  kàlīf → kalìfāt
  
  konzul → konzùlāt
  
  màršāl → maršalat
  
  pròtektor → protektòrāt
  
  rȅktor → rektòrāt
3. Denoting an honor or service.
  dȍktor → doktòrāt
  
  đȁkon → đakònāt
  
  lȅktor → lektòrāt
  
  pàtrōn → patrònāt
  
  nàdbiskup → nadbiskùpāt
4. Denoting collectivity.
  èpiskop → episkòpāt
  
  làik → laìkāt
  
  pàtrīcīj → patricìjāt
5. Denoting things.
  bikarbóna → bikarbònāt
  
  jod → jòdāt
  
  separirati → sepàrāt
6. Denoting abstract notions.
  citírati → cìtāt
  
  diktírati → dìktāt
  
  hìstōrija → historìjāt

Derived terms[edit]

Serbo-Croatian terms suffixed with -at

References[edit]

Babić, Stjepan (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, Zagreb: HAZU, page(s) 358

Volapük[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at

Used to indicate an amount

Derived terms[edit]

Volapük terms suffixed with -at

[1] Dhrimo, Ali. Për Shqipen dhe shqiptarët. 2008

[2] Kulla, Ariola. (2010). the Albanian Lingustic Journey from Ancient Illyrcum to EU. Linköping University. p. 21.

[3] é-; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert

[1]

[2]

[1]

-at

Albanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

References[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Czech[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

See also[edit]

Latin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Maltese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Northern Sami[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]