-at

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "at"

Albanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat Bushat.[1]. The [-t] as [-s] as both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. Toponym is considered a preservation of Illyrian *-atāi, attested in [Labeatai], [Docleatae], [Autoriatae], [Delmatae][2]. See -të

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at m (-at m)

  1. used to form toponyms. -ian

References[edit]

  1. ^ Dhrimo, Ali. Për Shqipen dhe shqiptarët. 2008
  2. ^ Kulla, Ariola. (2010). the Albanian Lingustic Journey from Ancient Illyrcum to EU. Linköping University. p. 21.

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin -ātus.

Suffix[edit]

-at (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)

  1. forms the masculine singular past participle of verbs whose infinitives end in -ar
    ‎parlar (“to speak”) + ‎-at → ‎parlat (“spoken”)

Suffix[edit]

-at (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)

  1. forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “which contains the suffixed noun”
    ‎piga (“freckle”) + ‎-at → ‎pigat (“freckled”)

Suffix[edit]

-at m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ats)

  1. forms nouns, from the names of types of professionals, meaning the position of being that type of professional; -dom
    ‎almirall (“admiral”) + ‎-at → ‎almirallat (“admiralty”)

Derived terms[edit]

Catalan terms suffixed with -at

Further reading[edit]

Czech[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at

  1. a common ending for many infinitive verbs

Derived terms[edit]

Czech terms suffixed with -at

Further reading[edit]

  • -at in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate, and the inherited French doublet -é.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at m (plural -ats)

  1. denotes an action or a result of an action
    ‎assassiner (“to assassinate”) + ‎-at → ‎assassinat (“assassination”)

Derived terms[edit]

French terms suffixed with -at

References[edit]

  1. ^ é-; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Audio(file)

Suffix[edit]

-at

  1. -ate

Derived terms[edit]

German terms suffixed with -at

Descendants[edit]

  • → Russian: -ат (-at)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: -ат
    • Latin script: -at
  • → Ukrainian: -ат (-at)

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

-a- +‎ -t (causative suffix)

Suffix[edit]

-at

  2. (causative suffix) Added to a back-vowel verb (or extremely rarely to a noun) to form a verb with a meaning of let or make somebody do something.
    zár (“to close”) → zárat (“to make someone close something or to have something closed”)
    Synonyms: -tat/-tet, -aszt/-eszt/-öszt, -jt/-ajt/-ejt, -ít, -dít, (obsolete in this sense) -t
Usage notes[edit]
  • (causative suffix) Variants:
    -at is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
    vár (“to wait”) → várat (“to have someone wait”)
    -et is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
    kér (“to ask for”) → kéret (“to have someone ask(ed) for; to summon someone [by ordering a servant to fetch him/her]”)
    -tat is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
    tisztít (“to clean”) → tisztíttat (“to have someone clean or to have something cleaned”)
    -tet is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
    keres (“to look for”) → kerestet (“to have someone look(ed) for”)
Derived terms[edit]
Hungarian verbs suffixed with -at

Etymology 2[edit]

-a- +‎ -t (noun-forming suffix)

Suffix[edit]

-at

  2. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun, expressing the result of the action or sometimes a more abstract relation (compare -ás/-és).
    Synonym: -mány/-mény
Usage notes[edit]
  • Variants:
    -at is added to back-vowel verbs
    gondol (“to think”) → gondolat (“a thought, an idea”)
    mond (“to say”) → mondat (“sentence”)
    -et is added to front-vowel verbs
    dicsér (“to praise”) → dicséret (“praise, commendation”)
    él (“to live”) → élet (“life”)
    ítél (“to judge”) → ítélet (“judgment”)
    mér (“to measure”) → méret (“measurement, size”)
Derived terms[edit]
Hungarian nouns suffixed with -at
Other terms

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions)
ed suffix who? what? this that he/she
(it)*
case v. pr. c.
nom. – ki mi ez az ő* / -∅
az / -∅		 – –
acc. -t / -ot /
-at / -et / -öt		 kit mit ezt azt őt* / -∅
azt / -∅		 – c1
c2
dat. -nak / -nek kinek minek ennek annak neki neki- c
ins. -val / -vel kivel mivel ezzel/
evvel		 azzal/
avval		 vele c
c-f. -ért kiért miért ezért azért érte – c
tra. -vá / -vé kivé mivé ezzé azzá – – c
ter. -ig – meddig eddig addig – – c
e-f. -ként (kiként) (miként) ekként akként – – c
e-m. -ul / -ül – – – – – – c
ine. -ban / -ben kiben miben ebben abban benne – c
sup. -n/-on/-en/-ön kin min ezen azon rajta (rajta-) c
ade. -nál / -nél kinél minél ennél annál nála – c
ill. -ba / -be kibe mibe ebbe abba bele bele- c
sub. -ra / -re kire mire erre arra rá rá- c
all. -hoz/-hez/-höz kihez mihez ehhez ahhoz hozzá hozzá- c
el. -ból / -ből kiből miből ebből abból belőle – c
del. -ról / -ről kiről miről erről arról róla – c
abl. -tól / -től kitől mitől ettől attól tőle – c
*: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be
construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All »

-a- +‎ -t (accusative suffix)

Suffix[edit]

-at

  2. (accusative suffix) Used to form the accusative case for a certain group of back-vowel nouns and numerals, back-vowel past participles, most back-vowel adjectives, and all back-vowel forms following any other inflectional suffix(es).
    ház (“house”) → Vettem egy házat. – I bought a house.
    okos (“smart, clever”) → okosat (“smart, clever [acc.]”)
    hány? (“how many”) → hányat? (“how many [acc.]”)
    három (“three”) → hármat (“three [acc.]”)
    ablakok (“windows”) → ablakokat (“windows [acc.]”)
    asztalom (“my desk/table”) → asztalomat (“my desk/table [acc.]”)
    nagyobb (“bigger”) → nagyobbat (“a/the bigger one [acc.]”)
    nyitott (“opened”) → nyitottat (“the opened one [acc.]”)
Usage notes[edit]
  • (accusative suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:
    -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.
    -ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.
    • Elviszem a kabátom(at/∅), kabátod(at/∅); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.
      I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, [plural] your coat, their coat; my coats etc.
    It is also omitted usually from the accusative forms of first- and second-person singular personal pronouns (engem, téged (“me, you”)).
   Hungarian case suffixes
Case Back vowel
a, á, o, ó, u, ú 		Front vowel
unrounded
e, é, i, í 		rounded
ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative —
accusative -t
-ot / -at -et -öt
dative -nak -nek
instrumental -val -vel
causal-final -ért
translative -vá -vé
terminative -ig
essive-formal -ként
essive-modal -ul -ül
inessive -ban -ben
superessive -n
-on -en -ön
adessive -nál -nél
illative -ba -be
sublative -ra -re
allative -hoz -hez -höz
elative -ból -ből
delative -ról -ről
ablative -tól -től
Note for all endings:
Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként.
    alma — almában, but almaként
    zene ― zenében, but zeneként

Etymology 4[edit]

From -atik (passive-forming suffix), removing the ending.

Suffix[edit]

-at

  2. combining form of -atik (passive-forming suffix) before all inflectional and derivational suffixes, except the dictionary form itself, the indefinite third-person singular present indicative
    elnyomatik (“to be suppressed”) → elnyomatás (“suppression”, being suppressed).
Usage notes[edit]

(combining forms of the passive-forming suffix) Variants: -at-, -et-, -tat-, -tet- (from -atik, -etik, -tatik, -tetik), as well as the tautological (doubly suffixed) forms -attat-, -ettet- (from -attatik, -ettetik). See more in the template of the full forms of this suffix.

See also[edit]

Latin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Italic *-āt, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti.

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at

  1. third-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)

Descendants[edit]

  • Old Galician-Portuguese: -a
    • Galician: -a
    • Portuguese: -a
  • Spanish: -a

Suffix[edit]

-āt

  1. (poetic, syncopated, rare) third-person singular perfect active indicative of -ō (first conjugation; verbs with the perfect infix -av-)

Descendants[edit]

  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Old French: -a
      • French: -a

Maltese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at

  1. Alternative form of -iet (noun plural suffix)

Usage notes[edit]

  • Regularly used after għ. Otherwise only in exceptional forms, though somewhat commonly after ħ and q.

Northern Sami[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Samic *-ëŋkë.

Suffix[edit]

-at

  2. Forms adjectives indicating something that is possessed as a characteristic.
    ‎guhkes juolgi (“long leg”) + ‎-at → ‎guhkesjuolggat (“long-legged”)
Usage notes[edit]
  • This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection[edit]
Odd, no gradation
Attributive -at
Nominative -at
Genitive -aga
Attributive -at
Singular Plural
Nominative -at -agat
Accusative -aga -agiid
Genitive -aga -agiid
Illative -agii -agiidda
Locative -agis -agiin
Comitative -agiin -agiiguin
Essive -agin
Derived terms[edit]
Northern Sami terms suffixed with -at (characteristic)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Samic *-ëtē, from Proto-Uralic *-eta. Related to Finnish -ea/-eä.

Suffix[edit]

-at

  2. Forms adjectives from stems, without any particular meaning. Often, the more basic stem is an adverb, the adjective's own attributive form, or has fallen out of use altogether.
Usage notes[edit]
  • This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection[edit]
Odd, no gradation
Attributive —
Nominative -at
Genitive -ada
Attributive —
Singular Plural
Nominative -at -adat
Accusative -ada -adiid
Genitive -ada -adiid
Illative -adii -adiidda
Locative -adis -adiin
Comitative -adiin -adiiguin
Essive -adin
Derived terms[edit]
Northern Sami terms suffixed with -at (adjective)

Etymology 3[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at

  1. Form of the suffix -a used with odd-syllable stems.
Inflection[edit]
Even a-stem, hk-g gradation
Nominative -at
Genitive -aga
Singular Plural
Nominative -at -agat
Accusative -aga -agaid
Genitive -aga -agaid
Illative -ahkii -agaide
Locative -agas -again
Comitative -again -agaiguin
Essive -ahkan
Possessive forms
Singular Dual Plural
1st person -ahkan -ahkame -ahkamet
2nd person -ahkat -ahkade -ahkadet
3rd person -ahkas -ahkaska -ahkaset

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin -ātus.

Suffix[edit]

-at n

  1. used to form nouns

Derived terms[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål terms suffixed with -at

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin -atus.

Suffix[edit]

-at n

  1. used to form nouns

Derived terms[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk terms suffixed with -at

References[edit]

Old Norse[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • -a, -t (after vowels)

Etymology[edit]

Possibly from Proto-Germanic *aiwwihtiz, whence Old English āwiht (“anything, something; at all”). The prototype of ek veit-at 'I don't know' would then be Proto-Norse *ek ne wait aiwwihti 'I know not at all', after which *aiwwihti was reduced to -at and ne eventually dropped in a process identical to the origin of French pas (“not”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix[edit]

-at

  1. negative verbal suffix; does not
    Synonyms: eigi, né
    hann veitat
    he knows not

Derived terms[edit]

Old Norse terms suffixed with -at

References[edit]

  • at in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Phalura[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at

  1. Second person plural suffix

Alternative forms[edit]

  • -íit (With e-ending verb stems)
  • -óot (With a-ending verb stems)
  • -et (Biori)
  • -éet (With e-ending verb stems in Biori)
  • -áat (With a-ending verb stems in Biori)

References[edit]

  • Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /at/
  • Rhymes: -at
  • Syllabification: at

Suffix[edit]

-at m

  1. Forms masculine nouns; -ate, -age
    ‎anonim + ‎-at → ‎anonimat

Declension[edit]

Inanimate declension:

Declension of -at
singular plural
nominative -at -aty
genitive -atu -atów
dative -atowi -atom
accusative -at -aty
instrumental -atem -atami
locative -acie -atach
vocative -acie -aty

Animate declension:

Declension of -at
singular plural
nominative -at -aci/-aty (deprecative)
genitive -ata -atów
dative -atowi -atom
accusative -ata -atów
instrumental -atem -atami
locative -acie -atach
vocative -acie -aci

Derived terms[edit]

Polish terms suffixed with -at

Further reading[edit]

  • -at in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • -at in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos.

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at m or n (feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați, feminine and neuter plural -ate)

  1. Used with a stem to form the masculine singular past participle of regular -a (first conjugation) verbs.
    ‎arunca (“to throw”) + ‎-at → ‎aruncat (“thrown”)
    ‎cânta (“to sing”) + ‎-at → ‎cântat (“sung”)

Declension[edit]

Declension of -at
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite -at -ată -ați -ate
definite -atul -ata -ații -atele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite -at -ate -ați -ate
definite -atului -atei -aților -atelor

Derived terms[edit]

Romanian terms suffixed with -at

Related terms[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From German -at, first from direct loanwords, and later becoming productive on its own.

Suffix[edit]

-at (Cyrillic spelling -ат)

  1. Used on nominal and verbal stems of loanwords, rarely of native words, to build nouns of various meanings.
    1. Denoting a person.
      adrèsa → adrèsāt
      ȗnija → unìjat
      Ȃzija → Azìjat
      Mìja → Mìjat
      delegácija → delègāt
      kandidírati → kandìdāt
    2. Denoting a room, building or field.
      dèkān → dekànāt
      ekònom → ekonòmāt
      kàlīf → kalìfāt
      konzul → konzùlāt
      màršāl → maršalat
      pròtektor → protektòrāt
      rȅktor → rektòrāt
    3. Denoting an honor or service.
      dȍktor → doktòrāt
      đȁkon → đakònāt
      lȅktor → lektòrāt
      pàtrōn → patrònāt
      nàdbiskup → nadbiskùpāt
    4. Denoting collectivity.
      èpiskop → episkòpāt
      làik → laìkāt
      pàtrīcīj → patricìjāt
    5. Denoting things.
      bikarbóna → bikarbònāt
      jod → jòdāt
      separirati → sepàrāt
    6. Denoting abstract notions.
      citírati → cìtāt
      diktírati → dìktāt
      hìstōrija → historìjāt

Derived terms[edit]

Serbo-Croatian terms suffixed with -at

References[edit]

  • Babić, Stjepan (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, Zagreb: HAZU, page(s) 358

Volapük[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-at

  1. Used to indicate an amount

Derived terms[edit]

Volapük terms suffixed with -at
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