zár

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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From a South Slavic or West Slavic language, compare Serbo-Croatian zuvor, Slovene zavor, Czech závora, Slovak závor, Polish zawór, Old Church Slavonic zavorъ (zavorŭ), zavora, from Proto-Slavic *za- + *vorъ (compare *zaverti), with equivalents in East Slavic languages (such as Russian затво́р (zatvór)). In Hungarian, it developed via haplology from závorzávárzár. The verb zárol was formed from the noun zár +‎ -ol, and its stem variant zárl- served as the basis of the present-day verb zár with the elision (or syncope) of a consonant via conjugated forms like zár(o)lnak (today zárnak).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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zár (plural zárak)

  1. lock, latch, fastener
    Coordinate term: kulcs
  2. (photography) shutter (part of a camera that opens for a controlled period of time to let light in)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative zár zárak
accusative zárat zárakat
dative zárnak záraknak
instrumental zárral zárakkal
causal-final zárért zárakért
translative zárrá zárakká
terminative zárig zárakig
essive-formal zárként zárakként
essive-modal
inessive zárban zárakban
superessive záron zárakon
adessive zárnál záraknál
illative zárba zárakba
sublative zárra zárakra
allative zárhoz zárakhoz
elative zárból zárakból
delative zárról zárakról
ablative zártól záraktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular
záré záraké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
záréi zárakéi
Possessive forms of zár
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. záram záraim
2nd person sing. zárad záraid
3rd person sing. zára zárai
1st person plural zárunk záraink
2nd person plural záratok záraitok
3rd person plural záruk záraik

Derived terms

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Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end
Expressions

Verb

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zár

  1. (transitive) to close, shut, lock (often but not necessarily with a key)
    Synonym: (without using a key and a lock, only with a handle) csuk
    Antonym: nyit
    Middle-voice counterparts: záródik, zárul
  2. (transitive, typography) to align text (in a direction -ra/-re)
    Synonyms: rendez, igazít
  3. (intransitive, ergative) to close
    Antonym: nyit
    Szombaton korán zárnak a boltok.Shops close early on Saturdays.

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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(With verbal prefixes):

Expressions

References

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  1. ^ zár in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.

Further reading

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  • (lock, latch): zár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (to close, shut, lock): zár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Anagrams

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