-re

See also: Appendix:Variations of "re"

Ainu

Alternative forms

• -e (used after r)
• -te (used after consonants other than r)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾe/

Suffix

-re

1. Forms causative verbs ending in a vowel. makes, let, causes to happen.

   ‎e (“to eat”) + ‎-re → ‎ere (“to feed; to make eat”)

   ‎ku (“to drink”) + ‎-re → ‎kure (“to make drink”)

   ‎pirka (“to be good”) + ‎-re → ‎pirkare (“to improve”)

   ‎kore (“to give”) + ‎-re → ‎korere (“to make someone give”)

Usage notes

The Ainu causative suffix takes three forms depending on the final sound of the verb stem to which it attaches:

• -re is used after vowels (e.g. e → ere).
• -e is used after r (e.g. kor → kore).
• -te is used after all other consonants (e.g. oman → omante).

The suffix -re/-e/-te is a suffix that adds exactly one valency (the argument a verb takes), as compared to indefinite causative -yar, which does not add valency at all. Thus, it transforms intransitive verbs into transitive verbs and transitive verbs into ditransitive verbs.

See also

• -yar (indefinite causative)

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ere.

Pronunciation

• (Central, Balearic) IPA^(key): [-ɾə]
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): [-ɾe]

Suffix

-re

1. Forms Catalan second conjugation verbs

Conjugation

Variations to the Catalan second conjugation may show up.

Regular conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of -re (second conjugation)

infinitive			-re
gerund			-ent
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		-ut		-uda
		plural		-uts		-udes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	-o	-s	-	-em	-eu	-en
	imperfect	-ia	-ies	-ia	-íem	-íeu	-ien
	future	-ré	-ràs	-rà	-rem	-reu	-ran
	preterite	-í	-eres	-é	-érem	-éreu	-eren
	conditional	-ria	-ries	-ria	-ríem	-ríeu	-rien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	-i	-is	-i	-em	-eu	-in
	imperfect	-és	-essis	-és	-éssim	-éssiu	-essin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	-	-i	-em	-eu	-in
	negative (no)	—	no -is	no -i	no -em	no -eu	no -in

The preterite originally had -est for the second person singular and -ès for the plural in older versions of Catalan.

Finnish

Alternative forms

• -r

Etymology

From -ra +‎ -e.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-reˣ/, [-re̞(ʔ)]

Suffix

-re

1. Forms nouns, mostly from nominal stems.

Usage notes

Attaches to the strong stem, while the alternative form -r attaches to the weak stem.

Declension

Inflection of -re (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)
nominative		-re	-reet
genitive		-reen	-reiden -reitten
partitive		-retta	-reita
illative		-reeseen	-reisiin -reihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-re	-reet
accusative	nom.	-re	-reet
	gen.	-reen
genitive		-reen	-reiden -reitten
partitive		-retta	-reita
inessive		-reessa	-reissa
elative		-reesta	-reista
illative		-reeseen	-reisiin -reihin
adessive		-reella	-reilla
ablative		-reelta	-reilta
allative		-reelle	-reille
essive		-reena	-reina
translative		-reeksi	-reiksi
abessive		-reetta	-reitta
instructive		—	-rein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -re (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -reeni -reeni accusative nom. -reeni -reeni gen. -reeni genitive -reeni -reideni -reitteni partitive -rettani -reitani inessive -reessani -reissani elative -reestani -reistani illative -reeseeni -reisiini -reihini adessive -reellani -reillani ablative -reeltani -reiltani allative -reelleni -reilleni essive -reenani -reinani translative -reekseni -reikseni abessive -reettani -reittani instructive — — comitative — -reineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -reesi -reesi accusative nom. -reesi -reesi gen. -reesi genitive -reesi -reidesi -reittesi partitive -rettasi -reitasi inessive -reessasi -reissasi elative -reestasi -reistasi illative -reeseesi -reisiisi -reihisi adessive -reellasi -reillasi ablative -reeltasi -reiltasi allative -reellesi -reillesi essive -reenasi -reinasi translative -reeksesi -reiksesi abessive -reettasi -reittasi instructive — — comitative — -reinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -reemme -reemme accusative nom. -reemme -reemme gen. -reemme genitive -reemme -reidemme -reittemme partitive -rettamme -reitamme inessive -reessamme -reissamme elative -reestamme -reistamme illative -reeseemme -reisiimme -reihimme adessive -reellamme -reillamme ablative -reeltamme -reiltamme allative -reellemme -reillemme essive -reenamme -reinamme translative -reeksemme -reiksemme abessive -reettamme -reittamme instructive — — comitative — -reinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -reenne -reenne accusative nom. -reenne -reenne gen. -reenne genitive -reenne -reidenne -reittenne partitive -rettanne -reitanne inessive -reessanne -reissanne elative -reestanne -reistanne illative -reeseenne -reisiinne -reihinne adessive -reellanne -reillanne ablative -reeltanne -reiltanne allative -reellenne -reillenne essive -reenanne -reinanne translative -reeksenne -reiksenne abessive -reettanne -reittanne instructive — — comitative — -reinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -reensa -reensa accusative nom. -reensa -reensa gen. -reensa genitive -reensa -reidensa -reittensa partitive -rettaan -rettansa -reitaan -reitansa inessive -reessaan -reessansa -reissaan -reissansa elative -reestaan -reestansa -reistaan -reistansa illative -reeseensa -reisiinsa -reihinsa adessive -reellaan -reellansa -reillaan -reillansa ablative -reeltaan -reeltansa -reiltaan -reiltansa allative -reelleen -reellensa -reilleen -reillensa essive -reenaan -reenansa -reinaan -reinansa translative -reekseen -reeksensa -reikseen -reiksensa abessive -reettaan -reettansa -reittaan -reittansa instructive — — comitative — -reineen -reinensa

Inflection of -re (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)
nominative		-re	-reet
genitive		-reen	-reiden -reitten
partitive		-rettä	-reitä
illative		-reeseen	-reisiin -reihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-re	-reet
accusative	nom.	-re	-reet
	gen.	-reen
genitive		-reen	-reiden -reitten
partitive		-rettä	-reitä
inessive		-reessä	-reissä
elative		-reestä	-reistä
illative		-reeseen	-reisiin -reihin
adessive		-reellä	-reillä
ablative		-reeltä	-reiltä
allative		-reelle	-reille
essive		-reenä	-reinä
translative		-reeksi	-reiksi
abessive		-reettä	-reittä
instructive		—	-rein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -re (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -reeni -reeni accusative nom. -reeni -reeni gen. -reeni genitive -reeni -reideni -reitteni partitive -rettäni -reitäni inessive -reessäni -reissäni elative -reestäni -reistäni illative -reeseeni -reisiini -reihini adessive -reelläni -reilläni ablative -reeltäni -reiltäni allative -reelleni -reilleni essive -reenäni -reinäni translative -reekseni -reikseni abessive -reettäni -reittäni instructive — — comitative — -reineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -reesi -reesi accusative nom. -reesi -reesi gen. -reesi genitive -reesi -reidesi -reittesi partitive -rettäsi -reitäsi inessive -reessäsi -reissäsi elative -reestäsi -reistäsi illative -reeseesi -reisiisi -reihisi adessive -reelläsi -reilläsi ablative -reeltäsi -reiltäsi allative -reellesi -reillesi essive -reenäsi -reinäsi translative -reeksesi -reiksesi abessive -reettäsi -reittäsi instructive — — comitative — -reinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -reemme -reemme accusative nom. -reemme -reemme gen. -reemme genitive -reemme -reidemme -reittemme partitive -rettämme -reitämme inessive -reessämme -reissämme elative -reestämme -reistämme illative -reeseemme -reisiimme -reihimme adessive -reellämme -reillämme ablative -reeltämme -reiltämme allative -reellemme -reillemme essive -reenämme -reinämme translative -reeksemme -reiksemme abessive -reettämme -reittämme instructive — — comitative — -reinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -reenne -reenne accusative nom. -reenne -reenne gen. -reenne genitive -reenne -reidenne -reittenne partitive -rettänne -reitänne inessive -reessänne -reissänne elative -reestänne -reistänne illative -reeseenne -reisiinne -reihinne adessive -reellänne -reillänne ablative -reeltänne -reiltänne allative -reellenne -reillenne essive -reenänne -reinänne translative -reeksenne -reiksenne abessive -reettänne -reittänne instructive — — comitative — -reinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -reensä -reensä accusative nom. -reensä -reensä gen. -reensä genitive -reensä -reidensä -reittensä partitive -rettään -rettänsä -reitään -reitänsä inessive -reessään -reessänsä -reissään -reissänsä elative -reestään -reestänsä -reistään -reistänsä illative -reeseensä -reisiinsä -reihinsä adessive -reellään -reellänsä -reillään -reillänsä ablative -reeltään -reeltänsä -reiltään -reiltänsä allative -reelleen -reellensä -reilleen -reillensä essive -reenään -reenänsä -reinään -reinänsä translative -reekseen -reeksensä -reikseen -reiksensä abessive -reettään -reettänsä -reittään -reittänsä instructive — — comitative — -reineen -reinensä

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -re

askare

jäntere

kokkare

kumpare

lampare

lepare

lepere

lipare

lohkare

lämpäre

manner

nokare

tanner

French

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ere, third conjugation infinitive of -ō or -iō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁ/
• Hyphenation: -re

Suffix

-re

1. one of the three main verb endings, along with -er and -ir

Usage notes

• Technically, -re is not a suffix or even a verb ending proper, as it is always part of a wider pattern in -dre, -ttre, -ire etc., and is only used as such for its practical aspect, as it groups verbs of very different conjugations, and several verbs of the third group do not end in -re.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -re (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	-re
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	-ant /ɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		-u /y/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	-s //	-s //	- //	-ons /ɔ̃/	-ez /e/	-ent /ə/
	imperfect	-ais /ɛ/	-ais /ɛ/	-ait /ɛ/	-ions /jɔ̃/	-iez /je/	-aient /ɛ/
	past historic2	-is /i/	-is /i/	-it /i/	-îmes /im/	-îtes /it/	-irent /iʁ/
	future	-rai /ʁe/	-ras /ʁa/	-ra /ʁa/	-rons /ʁɔ̃/	-rez /ʁe/	-ront /ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	-rais /ʁɛ/	-rais /ʁɛ/	-rait /ʁɛ/	-rions /ʁjɔ̃/	-riez /ʁje/	-raient /ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	-e /ə/	-es /ə/	-e /ə/	-ions /jɔ̃/	-iez /je/	-ent /ə/
	imperfect2	-isse /is/	-isses /is/	-ît /i/	-issions /i.sjɔ̃/	-issiez /i.sje/	-issent /is/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	-s //	—	-ons /ɔ̃/	-ez /e/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

• The table above shows the conjugation of verbs ending in -dre (e.g. rendre, vendre, ardre).
• In most verbs ending in -ttre, -tt regularly degeminates to -t before suffixes -s and -∅ (battre — bats, bat, not *batts, *batt).
• In most verbs ending in -ire, -is- are added between verb stem and verb ending starting in vowels (conduire — conduisais, but conduis), and past participle ends in -t, not *-isu.
• There are many exceptions on -re verbs, the most irregular -re verb is the auxiliary verb être. See more at Appendix:French irregular verbs.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [rɛ]
• Rhymes: -rɛ
• Hyphenation: -re

Suffix

-re

1. (sublative case suffix) Front-vowel variant of -ra. See details there.

   szőnyeg (“carpet”) → Tedd a szőnyegre. ― Put it on the carpet.

   perc (“minute, moment”) → egy percre ― for a moment

   kedd (“Tuesday”) → Kész lesz keddre? ― Will it be ready by Tuesday?

Usage notes

• (sublative case suffix) Variants:

  -ra is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.

  pad (“bench”) → Leültem egy padra. ― I sat down on a bench.

  alma (“apple”) → Allergiás vagyok az almára. ― I am allergic to apples.

  -re is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.

  szék (“chair”) → Leültem egy székre. ― I sat down on a chair.

  béke (“peace”) → Mindenki békére vágyik. ― Everyone longs for peace.

Hungarian case suffixes

case	back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	front vowel
		unrounded e, é, i, í	rounded ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative	—
accusative	-t
	-ot / -at	-et	-öt
dative	-nak	-nek
instrumental	-val	-vel
causal-final	-ért
translative	-vá	-vé
terminative	-ig
essive-formal	-ként1
essive-modal	-ul	-ül
inessive	-ban	-ben
superessive	-n
	-on	-en	-ön
adessive	-nál	-nél
illative	-ba	-be
sublative	-ra	-re
allative	-hoz	-hez	-höz
elative	-ból	-ből
delative	-ról	-ről
ablative	-tól	-től

¹ Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.
    alma — almában, but almaként
    zene ― zenében, but zeneként

See also

• rá
• Category:Hungarian terms taking -ra/-re
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Hungarian pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (see also postpositions)

case	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)1	verbal prefix	category
nominative	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / ∅ az / ∅	–	–
accusative	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / ∅ azt / ∅	–	c1 c2
dative	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	category
instrumental	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		category
causal-final	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	category
translative	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	category
terminative	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	category
essive-formal	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	category
essive-modal	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	category
inessive	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	category
superessive	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	category
adessive	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	category
illative	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	category
sublative	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	category
allative	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	category
elative	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	category
delative	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	category
ablative	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	category

¹Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise.
Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template

Japanese

Romanization

-re

1. Rōmaji transcription of れ

Middle English

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English -ru, from Proto-West Germanic *-iʀu, from Proto-Germanic *-izō.

Alternative forms

• -er, -ere

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ər(ə)/, /-rə/

Suffix

-re

1. Used to form the plural of the z-stem nouns calf, child, ey, and lamb and their derivatives

   Synonym: -ren

Descendants

• English: -er (obsolete)
• (Middle Scots: childer, cair)
  • (Scots: childer, caur)

References

• “-e)re, suf.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-re

1. alternative form of -ere (comparative suffix)

Etymology 3

Suffix

-re

1. alternative form of -eren

Etymology 4

Suffix

-re

1. alternative form of -erie

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, likely from Latin -ārius.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re/
• Hyphenation: -re

Suffix

-re m (noun-forming suffix) (Late West Saxon)

1. alternative form of -ere: -er; forms masculine agent nouns, originally applied only to nouns

   ‎fugol (“fowl, bird”) + ‎-re → ‎fuglre (“fowler”)

Declension

Strong ja-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	-re	-ras
accusative	-re	-ras
genitive	-res	-ra
dative	-re	-rum

Derived terms

Old English terms suffixed with -re

geonre

Descendants

• English: -er

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-re f (adjective inflectional suffix)

1. marks the strong feminine genitive, dative, and instrumental singular of adjectives

Romanian

Etymology

From the Latin infinitive endings (-are, -ere, -ire). Used in Romanian with a verb to form the "long infinitive", which is a verbal noun. See also the short infinitive forms of Romanian verbs, -a, -ea, -e, and -i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re/
• Hyphenation: -re

Suffix

-re f (plural -ri)

1. Attached to the ends of verb infinitives to form nouns, meaning "the action or result of"; -ing, -ation

   ‎traduce (“to translate”) + ‎-re → ‎traducere - translating, translation (the action or result of translation)

   ‎conjuga (“to conjugate”) + ‎-re → ‎conjugare - conjugating, conjugation (the action or result of conjugation)

   ‎vorbi (“to speak”) + ‎-re → ‎vorbire - speech, speaking (the action or result of speech)

   ‎avea (“to have”) + ‎-re → ‎avere - wealth, riches (the result of having)

Usage notes

Most verb infinitives simply add -re, but second conjugation verbs (those ending in -ea) drop the a before adding the suffix. Verbs in -î change to â in accordance with normal orthographic rules.

Type 1

cânta becomes cântare

lucra becomes lucrare

Type 2

plăcea becomes plăcere

vedea becomes vedere

Type 3

cere becomes cerere

naște becomes naștere

Type 4

vorbi becomes vorbire

urî becomes urâre

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	-re	-rea	-ri	-rile
genitive-dative	-ri	-rii	-ri	-rilor
vocative	-re, -reo		-rilor

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re/, [re]

Suffix

-re

1. dative/locative singular of -ra

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɾe/ [ˈɾe]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: -re

Suffix

-re

1. (archaic) first/third-person singular future subjunctive

Swedish

Etymology

Derived from Old Norse -ri, derived from Proto-Germanic *-izô.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-rɛ/
• Hyphenation: -re

Suffix

-re

1. Forms the comparative degree of a few adjectives, most of which change their stem vowel (umlaut) when this happens.

   lång (long), längre (longer)

   ung (young), yngre (younger)

See also

• -are

Pronoun

-re

1. (colloquial) pronunciation spelling of det; see re

Pronoun

-re

1. (colloquial) pronunciation spelling of dig; see re

Anagrams

• -er, er, er-