-ien
Breton[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Breton -ion, -on, Proto-Brythonic *-onos, *-onā. Cognate to Welsh -ion, Cornish -yon.
Suffix[edit]
-ien
- Noun pluralization suffix; sometimes with vocalic ablaut in the pluralized noun
Derived terms[edit]
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle French -ien, from Old French -ien, from Latin -iānus, from -ānus. Cognate to French -ain and -an.
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ien m (plural -iens, feminine -ienne)
- forms nouns denoting where something or someone is from; -ian
- Paris + -ien → Parisien (“a Parisian”)
- Californie + -ien → Californien (“a Californian”)
Suffix[edit]
-ien (feminine -ienne, masculine plural -iens, feminine plural -iennes)
- forms adjectives indicating relation to; -ian
- Paris + -ien → parisien (“Parisian”)
- Californie + -ien → californien (“Californian”)
- Vadim + -ien → vadimien (“of Roger Vadim Plemiannikov, French screenwriter, film director and producer”)
Derived terms[edit]
German[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle High German -ie, -je, from Latin -ia (feminine singular).
Suffix[edit]
-ien n
- Used to form country names; -ia
Etymology 2[edit]
From Latin -ia (neuter plural). In some cases, analysable within German as a regular plural of an earlier form in -ium; e.g. Principium as an obsolete variant of Prinzip. The singular ending was sometimes lost, leaving -ien as a new, irregular plural suffix. In other cases, simply following the Latin i-declension (singular in -e, plural in -ia).
Suffix[edit]
-ien pl
- Used to form the plurals of some neuter nouns of Latin descent whose original plural ends in -ia.
- Material + -ien → Materialien
- Prinzip + -ien → Prinzipien
- Reptil + -ien → Reptilien
Usage notes[edit]
- Not all nouns whose Latin plural is -ia necessarily take this ending. Some take a regular plural in -e, or have both forms alongside (for example, Reptile).
Middle French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French -ien, from Latin -iānus.
Suffix[edit]
-ien (feminine equivalent -ienne)
Old French[edit]
Examples |
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Etymology[edit]
From Latin -iānus, from -ānus.
Suffix[edit]
-ien (feminine equivalent -iene or -ienne)
Descendants[edit]
- Breton terms inherited from Old Breton
- Breton terms derived from Old Breton
- Breton terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Breton terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Breton lemmas
- Breton suffixes
- Breton plural suffixes
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French suffixes
- French noun-forming suffixes
- French countable nouns
- French masculine suffixes
- French adjective-forming suffixes
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Latin
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German neuter suffixes
- German pluralia tantum
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms inherited from Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Latin
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French suffixes
- Middle French terms with usage examples
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French suffixes