-is

See also: Appendix:Variations of "is"

Czech

Suffix

-is n (noun-forming suffix, indeclinable)

1. indicates a sharp of a note

   Měl zahrát gis, ale omylem zahrál ais.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Danish

Suffix

-is

1. indicates the sharp of a note; ♯

Antonyms

• -es

Esperanto

Etymology

The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)

The vowel of -is is likely cognate with the Latin perfect, as in amavit "s/he had loved", and the corresponding past infinitive amavisse.

Suffix

-is

1. ending of past tense in verbs, e.g. ami to love, ŝi amis she loved.

Estonian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare -us and -s.

Suffix

-is (genitive -ise, partitive -ist)

1. Derives nouns.

   ‎petma (“to con, to trick”) + ‎-is → ‎petis (“conman, trickster, cheat, fraud”)

   ‎näitama (“to show”) + ‎-is → ‎näidis (“sample, specimen”)

2. Derives forms of nouns used in compounds.

   ‎väli (“field, area”) + ‎-is → ‎välis- (“outside”)

   võidma ("to spread", "to anoint") → võidis- in võidisvaal ("sperm whale")

Declension

Declension of -is (ÕS type 11/harjutus, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		-is	-ised
accusative	nom.
	gen.	-ise
genitive			-iste
partitive		-ist	-isi
illative		-isse -isesse	-istesse -isisse
inessive		-ises	-istes -isis
elative		-isest	-istest -isist
allative		-isele	-istele -isile
adessive		-isel	-istel -isil
ablative		-iselt	-istelt -isilt
translative		-iseks	-isteks -isiks
terminative		-iseni	-isteni
essive		-isena	-istena
abessive		-iseta	-isteta
comitative		-isega	-istega

Declension of -is (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		-is	-ised
accusative	nom.
	gen.	-ise
genitive			-iste
partitive		-ist	-iseid
illative		-isesse	-istesse -iseisse
inessive		-ises	-istes -iseis
elative		-isest	-istest -iseist
allative		-isele	-istele -iseile
adessive		-isel	-istel -iseil
ablative		-iselt	-istelt -iseilt
translative		-iseks	-isteks -iseiks
terminative		-iseni	-isteni
essive		-isena	-istena
abessive		-iseta	-isteta
comitative		-isega	-istega

Finnish

Etymology

Probably from Swedish -is and possibly also extracted from slang terms including that suffix.

Suffix

-is (colloquial)

1. -er; a suffix used to form nouns and proper nouns from place names, common nouns and adjectives; gives a familiar nuance to the original word; the original word is often truncated in the process.

   ‎funktionalismi (“functionalism”) + ‎-is → ‎funkis

   ‎kova (“hard, tough”) + ‎-is → ‎kovis (“badass”)

   ‎mestaruus (“championship”) + ‎-is → ‎mestis (“league of champions”)

   ‎paha (“bad”) + ‎-is → ‎pahis (“bad guy”)

   Roihuvuori (a suburb of Helsinki) → Roihis

Anagrams

• -si

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin -iō → *-īō, -is → *-īs (sense 1–2); Latin -īvī, and -īvisti (sense 3–4). In the case of regular -ir verbs (like finir), the first singular present suffix was inherited from Old French -is, from Vulgar Latin *-īscō (cf. -iss-), while other first singular suffixes (also when added to irregular -ir verbs) are added erroneously.

Suffix

-is

1. forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
2. forms the second-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
3. forms the first-person singular past historic of -ir verbs
4. forms the second-person singular past historic of -ir verbs

Etymology 2

Suffix

-is

1. forms the first-person singular past historic of -re verbs
2. forms the second-person singular past historic of -re verbs

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old French -ëiz, from Latin -ātus (past participle ending) + -īcius (adjective-forming suffix).

Suffix

-is

1. adjective- or noun-forming suffix, generally found attached to verbs

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -is

German

Etymology

Potentially shortened from Diesis.

Suffix

-is (invariable)

1. (music) sharp, ♯

   Antonym: -es

   ‎A + ‎-is → ‎Ais (“A sharp”)

   ‎C + ‎-is → ‎Cis (“C sharp”)

   ‎D + ‎-is → ‎Dis (“D sharp”)

   ‎E + ‎-is → ‎Eis (“E sharp”)

   ‎F + ‎-is → ‎Fis (“F sharp”)

   ‎G + ‎-is → ‎Gis (“G sharp”)

   ‎H + ‎-is → ‎His (“B sharp”)

Derived terms

• -isis (“double sharp”)

Descendants

• Norwegian Bokmål: -iss

Hungarian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [iʃ]
• Rhymes: -iʃ

Suffix

-is

1. (diminutive suffix) Added to a proper noun to form a shortened diminutive name.

   ‎András (“Andrew”) + ‎-is → ‎Andris (“Andy”)

Derived terms

Hungarian proper noun clippings suffixed with -is

See also

• -us
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto -is, back-formation from -as.

Suffix

-is

1. desinence of the past tense in verbs

See also

• -as
• -os
• -ar
• -ir
• -or

Indonesian

Etymology 1

From Dutch -isch, from German -isch, from Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.

Suffix

-is

1. -ic.

   strategis ― strategic

   pragmatis ― pragmatic

2. -ical.

   praktis ― practical

   psikologis ― psychological

Etymology 2

From Dutch -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) +‎ -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).

Suffix

-is

1. -ist.

   anarkis ― anarchist

   jurnalis ― journalist

Derived terms

Indonesian terms suffixed with -is

Further reading

• “-is” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Irish

Etymology

From the dative form of Old Irish -as (“-ish”).

Suffix

-is f

1. -ish, -ese (used to form language names)

Declension

Declension of -is

Second declension

Bare forms (no plural form of this noun) Case Singular Nominative -is Vocative a -is Genitive -ise Dative -is

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Nominative an -is Genitive na -ise Dative leis an -is don -is

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -is

Suffix

-is

1. inflection of -eas:
   1. vocative/genitive singular
   2. nominative/dative plural

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *-is.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /is/, [ɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /is/, [is]

Suffix

-is (neuter -e); third-declension two-termination suffix

1. suffixed to the root of nouns in composition, forms adjectives of the third declension

   bi- + annus + -is → biennis

   bi- + palmus + -is → bipalmis

   ē- + norma + -is → ēnormis

   in- + somnus + -is → insomnis

   pro- + clīvus + -is → proclīvis

   tri- + annus + -is → triennis

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number	Singular			Plural
Case / Gender	Masc./Fem.	Neuter		Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Nominative	-is	-e		-ēs	-ia
Genitive	-is			-ium
Dative	-ī			-ibus
Accusative	-em	-e		-ēs -īs	-ia
Ablative	-ī			-ibus
Vocative	-is	-e		-ēs	-ia

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -is

Descendants

• → Swedish: -is (learned)
  • → Finnish: -is
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: -is
  • → Norwegian Nynorsk: -is

References

• “-is” on page 970/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

Etymology 2

Declined forms of -us (suffix forming adjectives). Derived from Proto-Italic -ois.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /iːs/, [iːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /is/, [is]

Suffix

-īs

1. dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of -us

Etymology 3

Declined forms of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /iːs/, [iːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /is/, [is]

Suffix

-īs m

1. dative/ablative plural of -a

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-is

1. second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (third conjugation)

Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-īs

1. (archaic) second-person singular sigmatic aorist active subjunctive of -ō (third conjugation)

Etymology 6

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-is

1. genitive singular of -s

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-is/
• Hyphenation: -is

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Indonesian -is.

Alternative forms

• -ikal
• -ik

Suffix

-is

1. -ical; -ic.

   praktis ― practical

   gramatis ― grammatical

Usage notes

• Instances of this suffix are usually found in loanwords borrowed from Indonesian that have a more commonly used English-derived alternative. One example of this is the Malay term for pragmatic which can be expressed with the Indonesian-derived pragmatis that exists alongside the English-derived pragmatik.

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from English -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) +‎ -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).

Suffix

-is

1. -ist.

   anarkis ― anarchist

   sadis ― sadist

Derived terms

Malay terms suffixed with -is

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-is

1. Alternative form of -yssh

Etymology 2

Suffix

-is

1. Alternative form of -esse

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Swedish -is (diminutive suffix), from Latin -is.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɪs/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪs
• Hyphenation: -is
• Homophone: -iss

Suffix

-is m (definite singular -isen, indefinite plural -iser, definite plural -isene)

2. Used to form nouns from adjectives, verbs and other nouns

Derived terms

Norwegian Bokmål terms suffixed with -is

References

• “-is” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “-is” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Anagrams

• is, si

Plains Cree

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ɪs]

Suffix

-is (Syllabics -ᐃᐢ)

1. Used to form diminutives: -ie

Derived terms

Plains Cree terms suffixed with -is

References

• Jean L. Okimâsis (2018) Cree: Language of the plains‎^[1], University of Regina Press, →ISBN, page 22

Swedish

Etymology

At least since the late 1880s. Originally from the Latin ending -is in words such as basis (“basis”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ɪs/
• When combined the stress is always on the first syllable.

Suffix

-is c or n

1. (colloquial, particularly common in the Stockholm area) Suffix that gives a familiar, and to some extent a diminutive nuance, when combined with a word; common with both nouns and adjectives; commonly used for place names, institutions and persons in their professional role: Medis, frälsis, dagis, vaktis; compare English -y, -ie.

   Är du sotis över att hon träffar sina killkompisar på krogen?

   Are you jealous that she's seeing her male friends at the pub?

   Hämta vaktisen. Någon hade just sönder en fönsterruta.

   Get the janitor. Someone just broke a window.

2. (colloquial) Similar to 1 in ad hoc combinations: pankis, sötis, snuskis; compare -ie.

   Kan vi äta pankisar med sylt och visgrädde idag?

   Can we eat pancakes with jam and whipped cream today?

   Du får inte hoppa över kontroller på orienteringen, din fuskis!

   You can't skip orienteering controls, you cheater ("cheatie")!

Usage notes

• Nouns ending in -is take either common (en) or neuter (ett) gender, often depending on the original word: ett daghem > ett dagis, en loppmarknad > en loppis, en vaktmästare > en vaktis.

Derived terms

Swedish terms suffixed with -is

Related terms

• bakis
• bagis
• bebis
• brådis
• bundis
• buskis
• brallis
• dagis
• dekis
• funkis
• godis
• grattis
• kondis
• kådis
• kändis
• käftis
• lantis
• lodis
• loppis
• poppis
• rådis
• skakis
• sotis
• svartis
• vaktis

Descendants

• → Finnish: -is
• → Norwegian Bokmål: -is
• → Norwegian Nynorsk: -is