-ês

See also: Appendix:Variations of "es"

Portuguese

Alternative forms

-ez (obsolete)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Latin -ēnsis

Old Galician-Portuguese -es

Portuguese -ês

From Old Galician-Portuguese -es, from Latin -ēnsis. Compare the borrowed doublet -ense.

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈe(j)s/ [ˈe(ɪ̯)s]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈe(j)ʃ/ [ˈe(ɪ̯)ʃ]

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈeʃ/

Homophones: ex (Brazil), ex- (Brazil)

Suffix

-ês (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esa, masculine plural -eses, feminine plural -esas)
-ês m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eses, feminine -esa, feminine plural -esas)

-ese (forms nouns indicating a native of the place)
‎Holanda (“Netherlands”) + ‎-ês → ‎holandês (“Dutchman”)
-ese (forms the names of languages spoken in a given place or by a given people)
‎Holanda (“Netherlands”) + ‎-ês → ‎holandês (“Dutch language”)

Suffix

-ês (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esa, masculine plural -eses, feminine plural -esas)

-ese (forms adjectives describing a particular place)
Synonyms: -ense, -eiro, -ista, -enho, -ita, -ota

‎Holanda (“Netherlands”) + ‎-ês → ‎holandês (“Dutch”)

Usage notes

The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix:

⟨-ição⟩ (being part of a hiatus in feminine nouns, including plurals) → ⟨-(i)cion-⟩
⟨-ção⟩, ⟨-são⟩ (in feminine nouns, including plurals) → ⟨-cion-⟩, ⟨-sion-⟩
⟨-ão⟩ (as a non-verb suffix, including plurals) → ⟨-on-⟩
⟨-ã(o)-⟩ (including plurals) → ⟨-(i)an-⟩, ⟨-am-⟩, or ⟨-(i)on-⟩, depending on the base word's etymology
⟨-m⟩ (including plurals) → ⟨-n-⟩
⟨-z⟩ (in some nouns from Latin, including plurals) → ⟨-c(i)-⟩
⟨-dade⟩ (as a noun suffix, including plurals) → ⟨-t-⟩

Derived terms

Portuguese terms suffixed with -ês

Portuguese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Further reading