annus
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See also: Annus
Latin
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Proposed to derive from Proto-Italic *atnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ét-no-, probably from *h₂et- (“to go”). Cognate with Oscan akno- (“year, holiday, time of offering”), Gothic *𐌰𐌸𐌽 (*aþn) or *𐌰𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*aþns, “year”) (attested in 𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌸𐌽𐌹 (ataþni, “year”)), dialectal Dutch aden (“year”). For the root, compare Sanskrit अतति (atati, “he wanders, goes”). For a comparable case of *-tn- yielding a geminate -nn- in Latin, see penna (“feather”), from Proto-Italic *petnā.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈan.nus/, [ˈänːʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈan.nus/, [ˈänːus]
Noun
[edit]annus m (genitive annī); second declension
- year
- Viginti annos natus est.
- He is twenty years old.
- Abhinc duo annos factum est.
- It happened two years ago.
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.273–274:
- ‘nōs quoque īdem facimus tunc, cum iuvenālibus annīs
luxuriant animī, corporaque ipsa vigent’- “We also do the same then, when in youthful years [our] spirits are luxuriant, and [our] bodies themselves are vigorous.”
(The poetic voice of Flora (mythology), speaking of flowers, says there is an age when, figuratively, people are “in bloom”.)
- “We also do the same then, when in youthful years [our] spirits are luxuriant, and [our] bodies themselves are vigorous.”
- ‘nōs quoque īdem facimus tunc, cum iuvenālibus annīs
- (figurative) Synonym of tempus, time
- (figurative) Synonym of tempestās or hora, season
Usage notes
[edit]For the changing Roman conceptions of the year over time, see Roman calendar on Wikipedia.
Declension
[edit]Second-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | annus | annī |
Genitive | annī | annōrum |
Dative | annō | annīs |
Accusative | annum | annōs |
Ablative | annō | annīs |
Vocative | anne | annī |
Derived terms
[edit]- ad annum
- annālis
- anniculus
- annifer
- anniperennāns
- anniversārius
- annōna
- annōsus
- annōtinus
- annuālis
- annus solidus
- annuus
- biennālis
- biennis
- biennium
- centennis
- centennium
- decennalis
- decennis
- decennium
- decennium
- duodecennis
- duodecennium
- in annum
- millennium
- novennis
- novennium
- octennis
- octennium
- perennis
- plūrennis
- quadrennālis
- quadrennium
- quadriennis
- quīnquennālis
- quinquennis
- quīnquennium
- quotennis
- s. a. (sine anno)
- sedecennis
- septuennis
- septuennium
- sexennis
- sexennium
- tredecennis
- tredecennium
- tredennis
- tricennālis
- tricennis
- tricennium
- triennis
- triennium
- vicennālis
- vicennis
- vicennium
Descendants
[edit]- Aragonese: año, anyo
- Aromanian: an
- Corsican: annu
- Dalmatian: jan, yan, jain, yain
- English: -ennial
- Extremaduran: añu
- Old French: an, anee
- Friulian: an
- Istriot: ano
- Istro-Romanian: ån
- Italian: anno
- Lombard: ann
- Megleno-Romanian: an
- Pandanian:
- Romagnol: ân
- Neapolitan: anno
- → Norwegian Bokmål: anno
- Old Occitan: an
- Piedmontese: ann
- Old Leonese:
- Old Galician-Portuguese: ano
- Romanian: an
- Romansch: onn, on, an
- Sardinian: annu
- Sicilian: annu
- Old Spanish: anno
- Tarantino: anne
- Venetian: ano, an
- → Dutch: anno
- → German: anno
- → Interlingua: anno
References
[edit]- “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- annus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- annus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) at the beginning of the year: initio anni, ineunte anno
- year by year; day by day: singulis annis, diebus
- a year from now: ad annum
- it is more than twenty years ago: amplius sunt (quam) viginti anni or viginti annis
- twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
- twenty years ago: abhinc (ante) viginti annos or viginti his annis
- I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi
- he has been absent five years: quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest
- the division of the year (into months, etc.: anni descriptio
- the intercalary year (month, day): annus (mensis, dies) intercalaris
- Homer lived many years before the foundation of Rome: Homerus fuit multis annis ante Romam conditam
- how old are you: quot annos natus es?
- I am thirteen years old: tredecim annos natus sum
- I am in my thirteenth year: tertium decimum annum ago
- a boy ten years old: puer decem annorum
- to be entering on one's tenth year: decimum aetatis annum ingredi
- to be ten years old: decem annos vixisse
- to be more than ten years old, to have entered on one's eleventh year: decimum annum excessisse, egressum esse
- to be not yet twenty: minorem esse viginti annis
- I was ten years old at the time: tum habebam decem annos
- to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: centum annos complere
- to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: vitam ad annum centesimum perducere
- the addition of a few years: accessio paucorum annorum
- to happen during a person's life, year of office: in aetatem alicuius, in annum incidere
- to prolong the command for a year: imperium in annum prorogare
- (ambiguous) to be elected at the age required by law (lex Villia annalis): suo (legitimo) anno creari (opp. ante annum)
- to prolong a person's command: prorogare alicui imperium (in annum)
- (ambiguous) in the past year: praeterito anno (not praeterlapso)
- (ambiguous) last year: superiore, priore anno
- (ambiguous) (1) last year; (2) next year: proximo anno
- (ambiguous) in the following year: insequenti(e) anno (not sequente)
- (ambiguous) after a year has elapsed: anno peracto, circumacto, interiecto, intermisso
- (ambiguous) in the course of the year: anno vertente
- (ambiguous) at the beginning of the year: initio anni, ineunte anno
- (ambiguous) at the end of the year: exeunte, extremo anno
- (ambiguous) every fifth year: quinto quoque anno
- (ambiguous) in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto
- (ambiguous) to be elected at the age required by law (lex Villia annalis): suo (legitimo) anno creari (opp. ante annum)
- (ambiguous) at the beginning of the year: initio anni, ineunte anno
- “annus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- annus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “annus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Further reading
[edit]- “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Roman calendar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the second declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- la:Time
- la:Age