-or
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English -our, from Old French -eor, from Latin -ātor; reinforced by Old French -or and its source, Latin -tor, -tōrem.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ə/
- (General American, Canada) enPR: ər, IPA(key): /ɚ/
- (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ə/
- Homophones: -er; -a (non-rhotic)
Suffix
[edit]-or
- Creates an agent noun, often from a verb, indicating a person or object (often machines or parts of them) that do the verb or part of speech with which they are formed.
- (electrical science) Appended to the names of members of classes of components, especially those that have an extensive property name of the same root suffixed with -ance
- Resistors possess resistance and inductors possess inductance.
Usage notes
[edit]In Latin-derived words, English generally appends this suffix where Latin would do it—to the root of a perfect passive participle (i.e. past participle). For other words, English tends to use the suffix -er. Occasionally both are used (protester vs. protestor).
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or
Anagrams
[edit]Albanian
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or m (feminine singular -ore, masculine plural -orë, feminine plural -ore)
- forms relational adjectives and demonyms
- forms agent nouns
- forms many names for months
Usage notes
[edit]- Formation with the article in the standard language is often based on Gheg roots, e.g.:
- zâ + -or → zanor, rather than from zë
- shkretinë + -or → shkretinor, rather than from shkretëtirë
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Aragonese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or f
- used to create abstract nouns from adjectives; -ness
Further reading
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ors)
- used to create abstract nouns from adjectives; -ness
- used to create abstract nouns from verbs; -th, -ence
- escalfar (“to heat up”) + -or → escalfor (“heat, warmth”)
- resplendir (“to shine”) + -or → resplendor (“brillance”)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “-or”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
- “-or” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Franco-Provençal
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or f (plural -ors) (ORB, broad)
- Attaches to an adjective denoting a physical property to form the associated abstract noun.
Derived terms
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Ido
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or
- Used to denote the future infinitive of a verb.
- Tu mustas kompror lakto kande tu es che la butiko.
- You must buy milk when you are at the shop.
Related terms
[edit]Latin
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈɔr]
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Italic *-ōs, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōs, for original *-oss, compound suffix from *(é)-os (athematic) (neuter s-stem) + *-s (masculine nominative).
The ō from the nominative case was made common to all cases originally with non-ablauting o (the three exceptions were arbor, mulier and Cerēs). Afterwards nom.sg. -ōr > -or, by Latin sound laws. Thus paradoxically, as in other r-stems (soror, -tor), in the resulting paradigm the one form with a short stem vowel is the only form whose stem was etymologically long.[1]
Suffix
[edit]-or m (genitive -ōris); third declension
- used to form an abstract noun from a verb root or conceived root form
- (rare) used to form an abstract noun from an adjective
Usage notes
[edit]- Almost always attached to verb bases, most frequently verbs of the second conjugation.[2] A parallel derived adjective in -idus often exists. A small number of formations built on nouns or adjectives exist in early and late Latin; a number of Romance languages show extended use of the suffix as a means of forming abstract nouns from adjectives.[2]
Declension
[edit]Third-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -or | -ōrēs |
| genitive | -ōris | -ōrum |
| dative | -ōrī | -ōribus |
| accusative | -ōrem | -ōrēs |
| ablative | -ōre | -ōribus |
| vocative | -or | -ōrēs |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Suffix
[edit]-or
- first-person singular present passive indicative of -ō (first conjugation)
Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Suffix
[edit]-or
- first-person singular present passive indicative of -ō (third conjugation)
References
[edit]- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cooper, Frederic Taber (1975), Word Formation in the Roman Sermo Plebeius[1], →ISBN, pages 25-27
Norwegian
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or
- A plural marker, used on feminine gender nouns ending with an unstressed -e [-a].
Usage notes
[edit]The -or suffix is a bracket form in Nynorsk whereas -er is the main form. In Bokmål, -er is the only form allowed suffix.
Old English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *-ar-. Akin to Old High German -ar.
Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or
- suffix forming adjectives from verbs denoting tendency or causation
Descendants
[edit]- English: -er
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *-raz. Akin to Old Saxon -or, Old High German -ur.
Suffix
[edit]-or
- Suffix variant found on masculine a-stem nouns
Declension
[edit]Strong a-stem:
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -or | -ras |
| accusative | -or | -ras |
| genitive | -res | -ra |
| dative | -re | -rum |
Etymology 3
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or
- Forms the comparative degree of adverbs
Old French
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or (nominative singular -ere, occasionally -ors)
- -er, suffix used to form agent nouns
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or (nominative singular -or)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Middle French: -eur (both etymologies)
- French: -eur (both etymologies)
- Norman: -eux
- → Middle English: -our (in part)
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-orъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or m inan
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- -or in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or (Cyrillic spelling -ор)
- Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession or a performer, used chiefly for words of Latin origin.
See also
[edit]Slovak
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ores)
Suffix
[edit]-or m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ores, feminine -or, feminine plural -ores)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “-or”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Usually corresponds to Icelandic -ur (if plural) and dialectal Norwegian Nynorsk -ur or -o.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or
- A plural marker. This marker is the regular plural for common gender nouns ending with an unstressed -a. Such an -a disappears when -or is added. The marker is used, however, with a few other nouns as well.
- A plural marker used ironically for masculine or neuter nouns, to draw attention to something being feminine or diminutive.
Anagrams
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-or m (plural -orion)
- person or man associated with root
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-or”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- English terms with usage examples
- English noun-forming suffixes
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian suffixes
- Albanian masculine suffixes
- Aragonese terms inherited from Latin
- Aragonese terms derived from Latin
- Aragonese lemmas
- Aragonese nouns
- Aragonese feminine nouns
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan suffixes
- Catalan noun-forming suffixes
- Catalan countable suffixes
- Catalan feminine suffixes with no feminine ending
- Catalan feminine suffixes
- Franco-Provençal terms inherited from Latin
- Franco-Provençal terms derived from Latin
- Franco-Provençal lemmas
- Franco-Provençal suffixes
- Franco-Provençal feminine suffixes
- ORB, broad
- German terms borrowed from Latin
- German terms derived from Latin
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German mixed suffixes
- Ido lemmas
- Ido suffixes
- Ido terms with usage examples
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin lemmas
- Latin suffixes
- Latin noun-forming suffixes
- Latin third declension suffixes
- Latin masculine suffixes in the third declension
- Latin masculine suffixes
- Latin terms with rare senses
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin suffix forms
- Norwegian lemmas
- Norwegian suffixes
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English lemmas
- Old English suffixes
- Old English adjective-forming suffixes
- Old English noun-forming suffixes
- Old English masculine a-stem nouns
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French suffixes
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔr
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔr/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish masculine suffixes
- Polish inanimate suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak non-lemma forms
- Slovak suffix forms
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish suffixes
- Spanish noun-forming suffixes
- Spanish countable suffixes
- Spanish masculine suffixes
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh suffixes
- Welsh masculine suffixes