-ik

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ik"

Abenaki

Suffix

-ik

1. A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.

Usage notes

• Often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant d or t (which causes the d or t to mutate into j: nodabônkad, "baker" → nodabônkajik, "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (nodkwaag, notkwahag, "pilot" → nodkwaagik, notkwahagik, "pilots").
• See the usage notes at -ak.

Azerbaijani

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / Ə / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
postconsonantal	-ıq	-ik	-uq	-ük
postvocalic	-yıq	-yik	-yuq	-yük

-ik

1. First-person plural present simple copula
   1. [we] are

Basque

Alternative forms

• -rik (after vowels)

Suffix

-ik

1. Partitive suffix.

   ‎etxe (“house”) + ‎-ik → ‎etxerik (“any house?”)

2. Adverbial suffix, -ly

   ‎poz (“joy”) + ‎-ik → ‎pozik (“happy, happily”)

Declension

Basque inflectional suffixes
		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim.	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
	inanim.	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim.	―	―	―	―
	inanim.	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim.	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
	inanim.	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim.	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
	inanim.	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim.	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
	inanim.	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim.	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
	inanim.	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim.	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
	inanim.	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ik

References

• “-ik” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ikkoi.

Suffix

-ik (genitive -iku, partitive -ikut)

1. Derives nouns from numerals, with the meaning "group of".

   kaks (“two”) → kaksik (“twin, group of two”)

   kolm (“three”) → kolmik (“triplet, group of three”)

   neli (“four”) → nelik (“quadruplet, four of a kind (poker), group of four”)

Declension

Declension of -ik (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ik	-ikud
accusative	-iku	-ikud
genitive	-iku	-ikute
partitive	-ikut	-ikuid
illative	-ikusse	-ikutesse -ikuisse
inessive	-ikus	-ikutes -ikuis
elative	-ikust	-ikutest -ikuist
allative	-ikule	-ikutele -ikuile
adessive	-ikul	-ikutel -ikuil
ablative	-ikult	-ikutelt -ikuilt
translative	-ikuks	-ikuteks -ikuiks
terminative	-ikuni	-ikuteni
essive	-ikuna	-ikutena
abessive	-ikuta	-ikuteta
comitative	-ikuga	-ikutega

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -ik

German

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin -icus and Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ɪk/

• Audio

  (file)

Suffix

-ik

1. forms feminine nouns referring to fields of study
2. forms feminine collective nouns
3. forms feminine nouns referring to characteristics

Derived terms

German terms suffixed with -ik

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ik]
• Rhymes: -ik

Etymology 1

Adjective suffix.

Suffix

-ik

2. (adjective-forming suffix) A unique identification suffix (often used together with the definite article a/az (“the”)). Used with (chiefly comparative, sometimes superlative) adjectives, answering the question melyik? (“which?”), specifying one out of a specific set of things/persons.

   más (“different”) ― (egy) másik (“another one”) ― a másik (“the other one”)

   rosszabb (“worse”) → a rosszabbik (“the worse one”)

   a kisebbik rossz(at választja) ― (to choose) the lesser of two evils

   A nagyobbik szobában Péter lakik. ― Peter lives in the bigger room (out of a specific set of rooms).

Derived terms

Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -ik

Hungarian pronouns suffixed with -ik

Etymology 2

Possessive suffix.

Suffix

-ik

2. possessive suffix for multiple possessions if there is no noun for the possessor:
   1. their ……-s (third-person plural; the pronoun ő (“s/he”) (!) being optional for emphasis)

      kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik, az ő kapuik (“their gates”)

      érme (“coin”) → az érméik, az ő érméik (“their coins”)

   2. (formal) your ……-s (second-person plural, grammatically resembling the third person plural)

      kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik (“your [formal, plural] gates”), alternatively: az önök kapui, a maguk kapui (!)

      érme (“coin”) → az érméik (“your [formal, plural] coins”), alternatively: az önök érméi, a maguk érméi (!)

Usage notes

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -ik is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -aik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -eik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -jaik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

  -jeik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

Etymology 3

Personal suffix.

Suffix

-ik

2. (personal suffix) The ending of a large group of passive/reflexive verbs in indefinite third-person singular present tense, their dictionary form.

   Sokat utazik. ― S/he travels a lot.

4. (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person plural present indicative of (front-vowel) verbs.

   Coordinate term: (for back-vowel verbs) -ják

   Megnézik a filmet. ― They will see the movie. [from megnéz (“to look at, to see”), indicating a definite object, here required by a (“the”)]

Usage notes

The above two senses are usually not difficult to distinguish as long as one knows whether the lemma of the verb ends in -ik. If it does, it is usually not a transitive verb (since most -ik verbs have a passive or reflexive meaning) so it will be probably an (indefinite) singular. On the other hand, if the lemma of the verb has no -ik, the only option is the definite plural.

Eszik (“to eat”) is one of the few -ik verbs that are transitive. In such a case, one needs to rely on the definiteness of the object. For more details, see its Usage notes.

    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes

Person		Back     vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
	-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-asz	-esz
	after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
	-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anak	-enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

• (personal suffix, definite conjugation) See harmonic variants in the table below.

    Present tense definite – personal endings

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-od	-ed	-öd
ő maga ön	3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular	-ja	-i
mi	1st person plural	-juk	-jük
ti	2nd person plural	-játok	-itek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural	-ják	-ik
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ik

See also

• Category:Hungarian verbs ending in -ik
• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Indonesian

Etymology

From English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

Suffix

-ik

1. -ic.

   analitik ― analytic

Usage notes

The suffix -ik often appears on loaned words from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with suffix -is which were loaned from Dutch. However, the Dutch-loaned -is is seemingly preferred over English-loaned -ik. Never used in chemical compound sense.

Derived terms

Category Indonesian terms suffixed with -ik not found

Related terms

• -ikal
• -is
• -at

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ik

1. Alternative form of -y

Etymology 2

From Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Doublet of -y.

Alternative forms

• -ike, -ique, -ic, -ice

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːk/, /ik/

Suffix

-ik

1. Forms nouns denoting a quality from adjectives; -ic.

Derived terms

Middle English terms suffixed with -ik

Descendants

• English: -ic

References

• “-ī̆k, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-11-2.

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ikъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /iːk/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ik/

Suffix

-ik

1. forms nouns, often diminutive

Derived terms

Old Polish terms suffixed with -ik

Descendants

• Polish: -ik

Polish

Alternative forms

• -yk

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish -ik, from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ik/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ik
• Syllabification: ik

Suffix

-ik m

1. Forms nouns, often diminutive.

   ‎słodki + ‎-ik → ‎słodzik

Declension

(personal nouns)

Declension of -ik

	singular	plural
nominative	-ik	-icy/-iki (deprecative)
genitive	-ika	-ików
dative	-ikowi	-ikom
accusative	-ika	-ików
instrumental	-ikiem	-ikami
locative	-iku	-ikach
vocative	-iku	-icy

(other nouns)

Declension of -ik

	singular	plural
nominative	-ik	-iki
genitive	-ika	-ików
dative	-ikowi	-ikom
accusative	-ik	-iki
instrumental	-ikiem	-ikami
locative	-iku	-ikach
vocative	-iku	-iki

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ik

Further reading

• -ik in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• -ik in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

Suffix

-ik (Cyrillic spelling -ик)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature.

See also

• -nik
• -enik
• -ovnik
• -evnik

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ik]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

Suffix

-ik m

1. alternative form of suffix -ík after roots in a long vowel or a diphthong

   ‎vták + ‎-ik → ‎vtáčik

   ‎hriešny + ‎-ik → ‎hriešnik

Related terms

• -ík
• -ník ~ -nik
• -íčka ~ -ička

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin -icus or Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

Suffix

-ik m

1. fictive suffix in case when both an occupational name in -ik and its base noun were borrowed

   ‎akadémia + ‎-ik → ‎akademik

Related terms

• -ička

Declension

• Declension in case of an inanimate noun according to the declension pattern dub:

Declension of -ik

	singular	plural
nominative	-ik	-iky
genitive	-ika	-ikov
dative	-iku	-ikom
accusative	-ik	-iky
locative	-iku	-ikoch
instrumental	-ikom	-ikmi

• Declension in case of an animate noun according to the declension pattern chlap:

Declension of -ik

	singular	plural
nominative	-ik	-ici
genitive	-ika	-ikov
dative	-ikovi	-ikom
accusative	-ika	-ikov
locative	-ikovi	-ikoch
instrumental	-ikom	-ikmi

Further reading

• Pauliny, Eugen - Ružička, Jozef - Štolc, Jozef (1968), Slovenská gramatika (in Slovak), 5th edition, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, pages 145-152
• -ik in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Turkish

preceding vowel
A / I	E / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
-ık	-ik	-uk	-ük

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish ـیق‎ (-ik), from Proto-Turkic *-uk.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ic/

Suffix

-ik

1. Form of -ık after the vowels E / İ.

   ‎değiş- (“intransitive; to change”) + ‎-ik → ‎değişik (“different, varied”)

Etymology 2

From French -ique, from Latin -icus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ic/

Suffix

-ik

1. -ic
2. -ical

Derived terms

Turkish terms suffixed with -ik

Veps

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Presumably related to Finnish -ko.

Particle

-ik

1. Interrogative particle. It is attached to the finite verb in yes-no questions, which is then placed first in the sentence.

Volapük

Suffix

-ik

1. Used to form adjectives and determiners.