-ek
Basque
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ek
- Ergative plural suffix.
- Txakurrek katuak jan dituzte. ― The dogs have eaten the cats.
Declension
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From -e- (epenthetic vowel) + -k (ergative suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-ek
- Allomorphic post-consonantal form of -k (ergative indefinite suffix)
Declension
[edit]Breton
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ek
- Adjectival suffix
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Cornish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Derived from Proto-Celtic *-ākos.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA(key): [-ɛk]
- (Revived Late Cornish) IPA(key): [-ɐk]
Suffix
[edit]-ek
- Adjectival suffix
- Adjectival suffix denoting abundance
- Adjectival suffix denoting prominence; "having big X"
Suffix
[edit]-ek m (plural -ogyon or -oges)
- Forms masculine nouns
Suffix
[edit]-ek f (plural -egi)
- Forms feminine nouns denoting a place where something is abundant
Suffix
[edit]-ek
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- 2020, An Gerlyver Meur, ed. Dr Ken George (3rd edition, p.184)
Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
Suffix
[edit]-ek m inan or m anim (noun-forming suffix)
- forms masculine diminutive nouns
Declension
[edit]inanimate:
animate:
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- -ek in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From -e- (linking vowel) + -k (plural suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-ek
Usage notes
[edit]- (plural suffix) Variants:
- -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
- The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
- If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).
Etymology 2
[edit]From -e- (linking vowel) + -k (personal suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-ek
- (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes
[edit]Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
-ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
-ik verbs | -ik | |||
mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (personal suffix) Variants:
See also
[edit]Mokilese
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ek
- Used to form intransitive verbs
Usage notes
[edit]This suffix sometimes becomes -iek after a vowel.
Derived terms
[edit]Northern Kurdish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ek (Arabic spelling ـەک)
Northern Ohlone
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -k (before vowels)
Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Southern Ohlone kan-.
Pronoun
[edit]-ek
- I (first-person, singular, subject enclitic pronoun)
See also
[edit]Number | Person | Subject | Object | Possesive | ||||
Disjunctive1 | Proclitic |
Enclitic | Disjunctive1 | Proclitic | Enclitic | |||
Singular | First | kaana | ek- | -ek, -k | kiš, kaaniš | kiš- | -kiš | ek-, kaanak |
Second | meene | em-, im- | -em, -im, -m | miš | emiš-, imiš-, miš- | -miš | em-, meenem | |
Third | waaka | Ø-2 | -Ø2 | wiš | Ø-2, eš- | -Ø2, -eš | i-, waakai- | |
Plural | First | makkin | mak- | -mak | makkiš, makkinše | — | — | mak-, makkinmak |
Second | makkam | kam- | -kam | makkamše | — | — | kam-, makkam | |
Third | waakamak | ya- | -ya | yaṭiš | — | — | ya-, waakamak | |
1Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek). 2Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used. Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle + -eš + -ek |
References
[edit]María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)[1], Unpublished
Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ek m
- masculine diminutive noun suffix
Declension
[edit]Masculine personal:
Note: The masculine personal nominative plural ending -ki is rare and mostly limited to depreciative forms or humorous expressions such as bawidamek, gagatek, złodziejaszek, hultajek, psotniczek, łobuziaczek.
Masculine animate:
Masculine inanimate:
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- -ś (forming nicknames)
Further reading
[edit]- -ek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)
- Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs or nouns to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.
See also
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)
- (Kajkavian) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.
Turkish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـك (-ek), from Proto-Turkic *-gek.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ek
- Creates nouns out of verbs.
Derived terms
[edit]Yup'ik
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ek
Usage notes
[edit]A historical merger of ablative and modalis (instrumental). It performs a wide range of adverbial and syntactic functions.[1]
References
[edit]- Basque lemmas
- Basque suffixes
- Basque inflectional suffixes
- Basque terms with usage examples
- Breton terms with IPA pronunciation
- Breton lemmas
- Breton suffixes
- Cornish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Cornish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cornish lemmas
- Cornish suffixes
- Cornish masculine suffixes
- Cornish feminine suffixes
- Cornish noun-forming suffixes
- Cornish adjective-forming suffixes
- Cornish verb-forming suffixes
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech lemmas
- Czech suffixes
- Czech noun-forming suffixes
- Czech masculine suffixes
- Czech inanimate suffixes
- Czech animate suffixes
- Czech suffixes with multiple animacies
- Czech diminutive suffixes
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech velar-stem masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech nouns with reducible stem
- Czech masculine animate nouns
- Czech velar-stem masculine animate nouns
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛk
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛk/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with multiple morpheme etymologies
- Mokilese lemmas
- Mokilese suffixes
- Northern Kurdish 1-syllable words
- Northern Kurdish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish suffixes
- Northern Ohlone lemmas
- Northern Ohlone pronouns
- Northern Ohlone compound terms
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛk
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛk/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish diminutive suffixes
- Polish masculine suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian diminutive suffixes
- Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Turkish noun-forming suffixes
- Yup'ik lemmas
- Yup'ik suffixes