-ek

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Basque

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ek

  1. Ergative plural suffix.
    Txakurrek katuak jan dituzte.The dogs have eaten the cats.
Declension
[edit]
Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -(e)k -ak -ek
dative -(r)i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -(r)en -aren -en -on
comitative -(r)ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -(r)engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -(r)entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -(e)z -az -ez -oz
inessive anim. -(r)engan -arengan -engan -ongan
inanim. -(e)tan -an -etan -otan
locative anim.
inanim. -(e)tako -(e)ko -etako -otako
allative anim. -(r)engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inanim. -(e)tara -(e)ra -etara -otara
terminative anim. -(r)enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inanim. -(e)taraino -(e)raino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim. -(r)enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inanim. -(e)tarantz -(e)rantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim. -(r)enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inanim. -(e)tarako -(e)rako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim. -(r)engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inanim. -(e)tatik -(e)tik -etik -otik
partitive -(r)ik
prolative -tzat

Etymology 2

[edit]

From -e- (epenthetic vowel) +‎ -k (ergative suffix).

Suffix

[edit]

-ek

  1. Allomorphic post-consonantal form of -k (ergative indefinite suffix)
Declension
[edit]
Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -(e)k -ak -ek
dative -(r)i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -(r)en -aren -en -on
comitative -(r)ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -(r)engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -(r)entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -(e)z -az -ez -oz
inessive anim. -(r)engan -arengan -engan -ongan
inanim. -(e)tan -an -etan -otan
locative anim.
inanim. -(e)tako -(e)ko -etako -otako
allative anim. -(r)engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inanim. -(e)tara -(e)ra -etara -otara
terminative anim. -(r)enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inanim. -(e)taraino -(e)raino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim. -(r)enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inanim. -(e)tarantz -(e)rantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim. -(r)enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inanim. -(e)tarako -(e)rako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim. -(r)engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inanim. -(e)tatik -(e)tik -etik -otik
partitive -(r)ik
prolative -tzat

Breton

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ek

  1. Adjectival suffix
    douar (earth) + ‎-ek → ‎douarek (earthy, earthly)
    dour (water) + ‎-ek → ‎dourek (watery, humid)
    houarn (iron) + ‎-ek → ‎houarnek (ferrous)

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

Cornish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Derived from Proto-Celtic *-ākos.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ek

  1. Adjectival suffix
    mor (sea) + ‎-ek → ‎morek (maritime)
    spern (thorn bushes) + ‎-ek → ‎spernek (thorny)
    Frynk (France) + ‎-ek → ‎frynkek (French)
  2. Adjectival suffix denoting abundance
    ys (corn) + ‎-ek → ‎ysek (abounding in corn)
    pysk (fish) + ‎-ek → ‎pyskek (abounding in fish)
  3. Adjectival suffix denoting prominence; "having big X"
    lagas (eye) + ‎-ek → ‎lagasek (big-eyed)
    troos (foot) + ‎-ek → ‎tròsek (big-footed)
    skovarn (ear) + ‎-ek → ‎skovarnek (big-eared)

Suffix

[edit]

-ek m (plural -ogyon or -oges)

  1. Forms masculine nouns
    kroghen (skin) + ‎-ek → ‎kronek (toad)
    dren (thorn) + ‎-ek → ‎drenek (spurdog)

Suffix

[edit]

-ek f (plural -egi)

  1. Forms feminine nouns denoting a place where something is abundant
    enys (island) + ‎-ek → ‎enesek (archipelago)
    lytheren (letter, character) + ‎-ek → ‎lytherennek (alphabet)
    pysk (fish) + ‎-ek → ‎pyskek (fishing-ground)

Suffix

[edit]

-ek

  1. Verbal ending
    res (race, course) + ‎-ek → ‎resek (to run, race)

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 2020, An Gerlyver Meur, ed. Dr Ken George (3rd edition, p.184)

Czech

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Suffix

[edit]

-ek m inan or m anim (noun-forming suffix)

  1. forms masculine diminutive nouns
    stůl + ‎-ek → ‎stolek

Declension

[edit]

inanimate:

animate:

Derived terms

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • -ek in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Hungarian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (plural suffix).

Suffix

[edit]

-ek

  1. (plural suffix) -s, -es
    kert (garden) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (gardens)
Usage notes
[edit]
  • (plural suffix) Variants:
    -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    (woman) + ‎-k → ‎k (women)
    fa (tree) + ‎-k → ‎k (trees)
    csésze (cup) + ‎-k → ‎csészék (cups)
    -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    ház (house) + ‎-ak → ‎házak (houses)
    -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    pad (bench) + ‎-ok → ‎padok (benches)
    -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    kert (garden) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (gardens)
    könyv (book) + ‎-ek → ‎könyvek (books)
    -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    kör (circle) + ‎-ök → ‎körök (circles)
  • Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (three books), néhány óra múlva (in a few hours’ time). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (the Three Magi), mindenszentek (All Saints), and certain archaic phrases with összes (all) and minden (every) (see their Usage notes).
  • The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (smart/clever ones). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (Italians), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (green ones), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
  • If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (players, noun) and játékosak (playful, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (acquaintances, noun) and ismerősek (familiar, adjective as part of a plural predicate).

Etymology 2

[edit]

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (personal suffix).

Suffix

[edit]

-ek

  1. (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    kér (to ask, request) + ‎-ek → ‎kérek (I ask, I am asking)
    Engedélyt kérek a távozásra.I request permission to leave.
Usage notes
[edit]
  • (personal suffix) Variants:
    -ok is added to back-vowel verbs
    -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
    -ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
    -om may be added to back-vowel -ik verbs
    -em may be added to unrounded front-vowel -ik verbs
    -öm may be added to rounded front-vowel -ik verbs

See also

[edit]

Mokilese

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ek

  1. Used to form intransitive verbs

Usage notes

[edit]

This suffix sometimes becomes -iek after a vowel.

Derived terms

[edit]

Northern Kurdish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ek (Arabic spelling ـەک)

  1. (affixed to words ending in a consonant) Alternative form of -yek (a, an (indefinite article))

Northern Ohlone

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • -k (before vowels)

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate with Southern Ohlone kan-.

Pronoun

[edit]

-ek

  1. I (first-person, singular, subject enclitic pronoun)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎[1], Unpublished

Polish

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈɛk/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛk
  • Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Suffix

[edit]

-ek m

  1. masculine diminutive noun suffix
    dół + ‎-ek → ‎dołek
    Jarosław + ‎-ek → ‎Jarek

Declension

[edit]

Masculine personal:

Note: The masculine personal nominative plural ending -ki is rare and mostly limited to depreciative forms or humorous expressions such as bawidamek, gagatek, złodziejaszek, hultajek, psotniczek, łobuziaczek.

Masculine animate:

Masculine inanimate:

Derived terms

[edit]

See also

[edit]
  • (forming nicknames)

Further reading

[edit]
  • -ek in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

  1. Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs or nouns to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.

See also

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

  1. (Kajkavian) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.

Turkish

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـك (-ek), from Proto-Turkic *-gek.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ek

  1. Creates nouns out of verbs.
    • küre- (to shovel) + -ekkürek (shovel).
    • gevre- (to become crisp) + -ekgevrek (crisp).

Derived terms

[edit]

Yup'ik

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-ek

  1. ablative-modalis case ending

Usage notes

[edit]

A historical merger of ablative and modalis (instrumental). It performs a wide range of adverbial and syntactic functions.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Miyaoka, Osahito (2012) A Grammar of Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY), Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 750