-kam
See also: Appendix:Variations of "kam"
Ilocano
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]-kam
- alternative form of -kami
- Sumangpetkamto madamdama. ― We will arrive later.
See also
[edit]| Person | Number | Absolutive | Ergative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disjunctive | Enclitic | Enclitic3 | bági form | kukua form | |||
| First | singular | siak | -ak | -ko, -k | kaniak | bagik | kukuak, kuak |
| dual | data, sita1 | -ta | kaniata, kadata | bagita | kukuata | ||
| plural inclusive | datayo, sitayo1 | -tayo, -tay | kaniatayo, kadatayo | bagitayo | kukuatayo | ||
| plural exclusive | dakami, sikami1 | -kami, -kam | -mi | kaniami, kadakami | bagimi | kukuami | |
| Second | singular | sika | -ka | -mo, -m | kaniam, kenka | bagim | kukuam |
| plural | dakayo, sikayo1 | -kayo, -kay | -yo | kaniayo, kadakayo | bagiyo | kukuayo | |
| Third | singular | isu, isuna | Ø2 | -na | kaniana, kenkuana | bagina | kukuana |
| plural | isuda | -da | kaniada, kadakuada | bagida | kukuada | ||
| Actor | Patient | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| siak | data | datayo | dakami | sika | dakayo | isu5 | isuda | |
| siak | bagik4 | — | — | — | -ka | -kayo | -ko, -k | -ko ida, -k ida |
| data | — | bagita4 | — | — | — | — | -ta | -ta ida |
| datayo | — | — | bagitayo4 | — | — | — | -tayo | -tayo ida |
| dakami | — | — | — | bagimi4 | -daka | -dakayo | -mi | -mi ida |
| sika | -nak | — | — | -nakami | bagim4 | — | -mo, -m | -mo ida, -m ida |
| dakayo | -dak | -data | — | -dakami | — | bagiyo4 | -yo | -yo ida |
| isu | -nak | -nata | -natayo | -nakami | -naka | -nakayo | bagina4, -na | -na ida |
| isuda | -dak | -data | -datayo | -dakami | -daka | -dakayo | -da | bagida4, -da ida |
Northern Ohlone
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Compare Central Sierra Miwok -mōk.
Pronoun
[edit]-kam
- you all (second-person, plural, enclitic subject pronoun)
- 1921, María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington, Chochenyo Field Notes[1]:
- kišháraknekam
- You all gave it to me
See also
[edit]| person | subject | object | possessive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| disjunctive1 | proclitic |
enclitic | disjunctive1 | proclitic | enclitic | |||
| singular | first | kaana | ek- | -ek, -k | kiš, kaaniš | kiš- | -kiš | ek-, kaanak |
| second | meene | em-, im- | -em, -im, -m | miš | emiš-, imiš-, miš- | -miš | em-, meenem | |
| third | waaka | Ø-2 | -Ø2 | wiš | Ø-2, eš- | -Ø2, -eš | i-, waakai- | |
| plural | first | makkin | mak- | -mak | makkiš, makkinše | — | — | mak-, makkinmak |
| second | makkam | kam- | -kam | makkamše | — | — | kam-, makkam | |
| third | waakamak | ya- | -ya | yaṭiš | — | — | ya-, waakamak | |
1 Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek).
2 Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used.
Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine and undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle + -eš + -ek
References
[edit]- María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s), Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Languages)[2], Unpublished