-ta

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ta"

Afar

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /-ta/, [-tʌ]

Suffix

-ta

1. Form of -yta used after nouns ending in consonants.

Declension

Declension of -ta
absolutive	-ta
predicative	-ta
subjective	-tí
genitive	-tí
Postpositioned forms l-case -tal k-case -tak t-case -tat h-case -tah

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /-ˈta/, [-ˈtʌ]

Suffix

-tá

1. Form of -ytá used after nouns ending in consonants.

Declension

Declension of -tá
absolutive	-tá
predicative	-tá
subjective	-tá
genitive	-tá
Postpositioned forms l-case -tál k-case -ták t-case -tát h-case -táh

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 228
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Basque

Alternative forms

• -da (after -n)

Etymology

From eta (“and”).

Suffix

-ta

1. [+perfect participle] Adverbial suffix.

   Guztiz bustita zatoz. ― You're totally soaked.

   Hori esanda, nahi duzuna egin ezazu. ― Having said that, do whatever you want.

Estonian

Suffix

-ta

1. suffix for the abessive case, without.

Usage notes

• Suffixed to the genitive singular.
• Often used in conjunction with the preposition ilma, for example ilma soolata "without salt, saltless".

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak, from Proto-Uralic *-ta- (verbalizer) (see the Proto-Finnic entry for more).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-)

1. Forms verbs from nouns, generally with a causative, factitive or instrumental meaning.

   ‎kampa (“comb”) + ‎-ta → ‎kammata (“to comb”)

   ‎linko (“sling; centrifuge”) + ‎-ta → ‎lingota (“to hurl, sling, fling”)

Usage notes

• The derivatives belong to the conjugation types no. 73, 74 and 75. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern).
• Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
• Used mainly on bisyllabic vowel-stem nouns. For monosyllabic and consonant-stem nouns, -taa is more common.
• A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ta (causative)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-)

1. Forms verbs from nouns with a translative or reflexive meaning.

   ‎kato (“disappearance”) + ‎-ta → ‎kadota (“to disappear”)

   ‎raukea (“limp, drowsy”) + ‎-ta → ‎raueta (“to weaken, lapse”)

Usage notes

• The derivatives belong to the conjugation types no. 74, 75 and rarely 73. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern).
• Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
• A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.
• Largely conflated with etymology 1, as they have fallen together in form.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ta (translative)

See also

• -eta
• -ita

Etymology 3

From Proto-Finnic *-ta, a variant form of *-da (whence Finnish -a) that was used when it followed a (secondarily) stressed syllable (suffixal gradation). Ultimately from the Proto-Uralic ablative case *-ta (compare to Moksha -да, -та (-da, -ta) and Erzya -до (-do)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-tɑ/, [-t̪ɑ̝]

Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä)

1. A suffix for the partitive singular case.

Usage notes

• This suffix is used after a long vowel, diphthong or a consonant.
• See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the partitive case is used.

See also

• -a

Etymology 4

Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-)

1. (dialectal, Eastern Finnish) Alternative form of -ida

Usage notes

See Appendix:Eastern Finnish reflexive verbs.

Conjugation

See Appendix:Eastern Finnish reflexive verbs.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɒ]

Suffix

-ta

2. (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person singular indicative past definite form of verbs.

   olvas (“to read”) → olvasta (“he/she (has/had) read (it)”)

4. (verbal-participle suffix) Used to form the verbal participle of verbs, always following the agent noun.

   okoz (“to cause”) → [vihar] okozta [kár] (“[the damage] caused by [a storm]”, literally “storm-caused damage”)

6. (noun-forming suffix) Used to form nouns from certain verbs (cf. -ás), incorporating the third-person singular possessive suffix (-a), which can be replaced by other personal possessive suffixes.

   tud (“to know”) → tudta (“his/her knowledge [of something]”)

Usage notes

• (past-tense and verbal-participle suffix) Variants:

  -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs

  -te is added to most front-vowel verbs

  -tta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú)

  -tte is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű)

  -otta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)

  -ette is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)

  -ötte is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)

• (noun-forming suffix) Variants:

  -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs

  -te is added to most front-vowel verbs

  -tte is added to front-vowel verbs that originally ended in a vowel (like jön, originally jő)

  -ata is added to back-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like hall)

  -ete is added to front-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like kell)

Derived terms

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -ta

See also

• Category:Hungarian verbal participles
• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Further reading

• Károly, Sándor. Az istenadta-féle szerkezetek személyragos tagjának szófaji jellegéről (“On the part of speech of the personal-suffixed elements of istenadta [‘God-given’]-like structures”). In: Nyelvtudományi Közlemények (“Linguistic Publications”), vol. 59 (1957), pp. 130–150.
• Simonyi, Zsigmond. Isten-adta (“God-given”). In: Magyar Nyelvőr (“Hungarian Language Guardian”), vol. XXXVI (1907), pp. 16–35 in the offprint (issue 5, May 15 in the original, pp. 193–205, 264–271).

Igbo

Alternative forms

• -té (neutral tongue position)

Suffix

-tá

1. towards, to.

   pụ (“go out”) → pụtá (“come out”)

   chọ́ (“want, seek”) → chọ́tá (“find”)

2. to one's advantage, for.

Ilocano

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ta, an enclitic form of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, whence Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta/

Pronoun

-ta

1. First-person dual absolutive enclitic pronoun; we (two); us (two); you and I; you and me

   Aggayyemta. ― You and I are friends.

2. First-person dual ergative enclitic pronoun; we (two); you and I

   Masapul a tulunganta ni Maria. ― You and I should help Maria.

3. First-person dual possessive marker; our (mine and yours); of us two

   Awan inggana koma ti ayatta. ― May our love last forever.

See also

Ilocano personal pronouns

Person	Number	Absolutive		Ergative	Oblique	Possessive
		Disjunctive	Enclitic	Enclitic3		bági form	kukua form
First	singular	siak	-ak	-ko, -k	kaniak	bagik	kukuak, kuak
	dual	data, sita1	-ta		kaniata, kadata	bagita	kukuata
	plural inclusive	datayo, sitayo1	-tayo, -tay		kaniatayo, kadatayo	bagitayo	kukuatayo
	plural exclusive	dakami, sikami1	-kami, -kam	-mi	kaniami, kadakami	bagimi	kukuami
Second	singular	sika	-ka	-mo, -m	kaniam, kenka	bagim	kukuam
	plural	dakayo, sikayo1	-kayo, -kay	-yo	kaniayo, kadakayo	bagiyo	kukuayo
Third	singular	isu, isuna	Ø2	-na	kaniana, kenkuana	bagina	kukuana
	plural	isuda	-da		kaniada, kadakuada	bagida	kukuada
1Regional variants. 2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used. 3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.
Fused enclitics Actor Patient siak data datayo dakami sika dakayo isu5 isuda siak bagik4 — — — -ka -kayo -ko, -k -ko ida, -k ida data — bagita4 — — — — -ta -ta ida datayo — — bagitayo4 — — — -tayo -tayo ida dakami — — — bagimi4 -daka -dakayo -mi -mi ida sika -nak — — -nakami bagim4 — -mo, -m -mo ida, -m ida dakayo -dak -data — -dakami — bagiyo4 -yo -yo ida isu -nak -nata -natayo -nakami -naka -nakayo bagina4, -na -na ida isuda -dak -data -datayo -dakami -daka -dakayo -da bagida4, -da ida 4Reflexive pronouns use the bagí form. 5 isu or isuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.

Irish

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

• -tha

Suffix

-ta

2. added to nouns to form adjectives

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -ta (adjective)

Related terms

• -ga (-da, -dha)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• -te (slender form)
• -tha, -the

Suffix

-ta

2. used to form strong plural forms of nouns

Etymology 3

From Old Irish -ta, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts, whence also Ancient Greek -της (-tēs), Sanskrit -ताति (-tāti), and Latin -tās.

Alternative forms

• -te (slender form)
• -tha, -the

Suffix

-ta

2. used to form the past participle of verbs

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -ta (participle)

Etymology 4

Alternative forms

• -te, -tha, -the

Suffix

-ta

2. genitive singular of -adh (verbal noun suffix)

Kambera

Pronoun

-ta

1. first person plural inclusive accusative enclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative
1sg	ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
2sg	mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
3sg	na-	-na	-ya	-nya
1pl.incl	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
2pl	mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
3pl	da-	-da	-ha	-nja

Lakota

Suffix

-ta

1. to, at, on, in

   ‎pahá (“hill, butte”) + ‎-ta → ‎paháta (“on the hill, butte”)

   ‎maȟpíya (“sky”) + ‎-ta → ‎maȟpíyata (“in the sky”)

   ‎mní (“water”) + ‎-ta → ‎mniyáta (“at the water”)

Usage notes

Changes to (-ata), (-yata) following vowel.

Latin

Suffix

-ta

1. inflection of -tus:
   1. feminine nominative/vocative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Suffix

-tā

1. feminine ablative singular of -tus

Makasar

Alternative forms

• -nta

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta, from Proto-Austronesian *ta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ta]

Suffix

-ta (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨈ)

1. our (first person plural inclusive)
2. your (polite second person singular and plural)

See also

Makasar free and bound pronouns

	Independent	Absolutive	Nominative	Possessive
1st sg / 1st pl excl	nakke	-a'	ku-	-ku
1st pl excl (archaic)	kambe	-kang	ki-	-mang
1st pl incl / 2nd sg polite	katte	-ki'	ki-	-ta
2nd sg / pl familiar	kau	-ko	nu-	-nu
3rd sg / pl	ia	-i	na-	-na

Maquiritari

Alternative forms

• (allomorph after i) -cha

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ta]

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ta

1. Forms intransitive verbs with patient-like arguments from nouns.

Derived terms

Maquiritari terms suffixed with -ta

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ta

1. Forms the certain future tense.

Usage notes

Verbs with this suffix take series I person markers.

Derived terms

• (possibly) -tai

Etymology 3

Cognates are found in many other Cariban languages, where they are usually restricted to use with or in place of an imperative marker cognate to -kö. The Maquiritari suffix thus shows a broadened scope of use.

Suffix

-ta

1. Directs that the command or request expressed by a verb must be executed somewhere else and not at the place where the order was given.

Usage notes

This suffix immediately precedes the verb’s tense/aspect/mood markers (and so is distinguished from the certain future suffix above). In most cases, it can only appear with one of the three modal markers -kö (imperative), -iye (jussive), and -'ñojo (rogative); however, when used in the imperative singular, it takes the place of the suffix -kö instead of appearing alongside it.

In the plural this suffix takes the form -tan except in the third person, where it does not change. That is, it takes the form -tan when followed by plural -tö.

Derived terms

• -tan

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-ta”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 149, 225–226, 234–236

Quechua

Alternative forms

• -kta (historically, after short vowels)

Suffix

-ta

1. A suffix for the accusative case. Indicates the direct object of a verb or the goal of a motion verb.

   ‎wasi (“house”) + ‎-ta → ‎wasita (“at the house”)

   ‎mama (“mother”) + ‎-ta → ‎mamaykita (“your mother (direct object)”)

2. Used to form adverbs from adjectives.

   ‎allin (“good”) + ‎-ta → ‎allinta (“well”)

Scottish Gaelic

Suffix

-ta

1. Alternative form of -te

   'S leònta mo làmh. ― My hand is wounded.

Derived terms

Scottish Gaelic terms suffixed with -ta

Somali

Suffix

-ta

1. A condition or state

Turkish

Suffix

-ta

1. Alternative form of -da (locative suffix) (after an unvoiced consonant).