-ta

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ta"

Languages (25)

Afar • Basque • Estonian • Finnish • Hungarian • Icelandic • Igbo • Ilocano • Irish • Japanese • Kambera • Kapampangan • Lakota • Latin • Makasar • Navajo • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nuxalk • Quechua • Scottish Gaelic • Somali • Swahili • Turkish • Wolaytta • Ye'kwana

Page categories

Afar

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /-ta/ [-tʌ]

Suffix

-ta

Form of -yta used after nouns ending in consonants.

Declension

Declension of -ta

absolutive

-ta

predicative

-ta

subjective

-tí

genitive

-tí

Postpositioned forms
l-case	-tal
k-case	-tak
t-case	-tat
h-case	-tah

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /-ˈta/ [-ˈtʌ]

Suffix

-tá

Form of -ytá used after nouns ending in consonants.

Declension

Declension of -tá

absolutive

-tá

predicative

-tá

subjective

-tá

genitive

-tá

Postpositioned forms
l-case	-tál
k-case	-ták
t-case	-tát
h-case	-táh

References

E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 228
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Basque

Alternative forms

-da (after -n)

Etymology

From eta (“and”).^[1]

Suffix

-ta

[with perfect participle] adverbial suffix
Guztiz bustita zatoz. ― You're totally soaked.

Hori esanda, nahi duzuna egin ezazu. ― Having said that, do whatever you want.

References

^ R. L. Trask (2008), “eta”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 183

Estonian

Suffix

-ta

suffix for the abessive case, without.

Usage notes

Suffixed to the genitive singular.
Often used in conjunction with the preposition ilma, for example ilma soolata "without salt, saltless".

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak, from Proto-Uralic *-ta- (verbalizer) (see the Proto-Finnic entry for more).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix

-ta (front-vowel variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA)

Forms verbs from nouns, generally with a causative, factitive or instrumental meaning.
‎kampa (“comb”) + ‎-ta → ‎kammata (“to comb”)

‎linko (“sling; centrifuge”) + ‎-ta → ‎lingota (“to hurl, sling, fling”)

Usage notes

The derivatives belong to the conjugation types 73, 74 and 75. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern; colloquially all of these, except for those with stems ending in -i- like selvitä, are often inflected as if they were in class 74).
Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
Used mainly on bisyllabic vowel-stem nouns. For monosyllabic and consonant-stem nouns, -taa is more common.
A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ta (causative)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix

-ta (front-vowel variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA)

Forms verbs from nouns with a translative or reflexive meaning.
‎kato (“disappearance”) + ‎-ta → ‎kadota (“to disappear”)

‎raukea (“limp, drowsy”) + ‎-ta → ‎raueta (“to weaken, lapse”)

Usage notes

The derivatives belong to the conjugation types 74, 75 and rarely 73. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern; colloquially all of these, except for those with stems ending in -i-, are often inflected as if they were in class 74).
Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.
Largely conflated with etymology 1, as they have fallen together in form.

Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Proto-Finnic *-ta, ultimately from the Proto-Uralic ablative case *-ta (compare to Moksha -да, -та (-da, -ta) and Erzya -до (-do)).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-tɑ/, [-t̪ɑ̝]

Suffix

-ta (front-vowel variant -tä, linguistic notation -tA)

Marks the partitive case.

Usage notes

This suffix is used after a long vowel, diphthong or a consonant.
See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the partitive case is used.

Etymology 4

Suffix

-ta (front-vowel variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA) (dialectal)

(Eastern Finnish) alternative form of -ida

Usage notes

See Appendix:Eastern Finnish reflexive verbs.

Conjugation

See Appendix:Eastern Finnish reflexive verbs.

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix

-ta (front-vowel variant -tä, linguistic notation -tA)

(dialectal) alternative form of -tta (abessive case ending)

Hungarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tɒ]

Suffix

-ta

2. (past-tense suffix) Forms the third-person singular indicative past definite form of verbs.
  ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-ta → ‎olvasta (“he/she (has/had) read (it)”)
4. (verbal-participle suffix) Forms the verbal participle of verbs, always following the agent noun.
  ‎okoz (“to cause”) + ‎-ta → ‎okozta (“caused by”)
  
  a vihar okozta kár ― the damage caused by the storm (literally, “storm-caused damage”)
(noun-forming suffix) Forms nouns from certain verbs (cf. -ás), incorporating the third-person singular possessive suffix (-a), which can be replaced by other personal possessive suffixes.
tud (“to know”) → tudta (“his/her knowledge [of something]”)

Usage notes

(past-tense and verbal-participle suffix) Variants:
-ta is added to most back-vowel verbs

-te is added to most front-vowel verbs

-tta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú)

-tte is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű)

-otta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)

-ette is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)

-ötte is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)
(noun-forming suffix) Variants:
-ta is added to most back-vowel verbs

-te is added to most front-vowel verbs

-tte is added to front-vowel verbs that originally ended in a vowel (like jön, originally jő)

-ata is added to back-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like hall)

-ete is added to front-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like kell)

Derived terms

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -ta

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse -ta.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ta]

Suffix

-ta

forms verbs from other verbs
‎vaka (“to be awake”) + ‎-ta → ‎vakta (“to guard”)

‎rækja (“to perform, attend to”) + ‎-ta → ‎rækta (“to cultivate, nurture”)

‎spýja (“to spew”) + ‎-ta → ‎spýta (“to spit”)
forms verbs from nouns
‎gát f (“care”) + ‎-ta → ‎gæta (“to care for”)

‎ómur m (“sound”) + ‎-ta → ‎æmta (“to murmur”)
forms verbs from adjectives
‎vanur (“deprived of”) + ‎-ta → ‎vanta (“to lack, want”)

‎skammur (“short”) + ‎-ta → ‎skammta (“to portion out, ration”)

‎skammur (“short”) + ‎-ta → ‎skemmta (“to entertain”) (with i-mutation)
forms verbs from adverbs
‎heim (“home”) + ‎-ta → ‎heimta (“to retrieve”)

‎já (“yes”) + ‎-ta → ‎játa (“to say yes”)

Conjugation

Some of these are weak a-verbs:

*-ta* – active voice (*germynd*)
		present nútíð	past þátíð	present nútíð	past þátíð
infinitive nafnháttur		að -ta
supine sagnbót		-tað
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		-tandi

		indicative framsöguháttur		subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
singular	ég	-ta	-taði	-ti	-taði
	þú	-tar	-taðir	-tir	-taðir
	hann, hún, það	-tar	-taði	-ti	-taði
plural	við	-tum	-tuðum	-tum	-tuðum
	þið	-tið	-tuðuð	-tið	-tuðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	-ta	-tuðu	-ti	-tuðu

		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	-ta (þú), -taðu
plural	þið	-tið (þið), -tiði¹

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

*-tast* – mediopassive voice (*miðmynd*)
		present nútíð	past þátíð	present nútíð	past þátíð
infinitive nafnháttur		að -tast
supine sagnbót		-tast
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		-tandist (rare; see appendix)

		indicative framsöguháttur		subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
singular	ég	-tast	-taðist	-tist	-taðist
	þú	-tast	-taðist	-tist	-taðist
	hann, hún, það	-tast	-taðist	-tist	-taðist
plural	við	-tumst	-tuðumst	-tumst	-tuðumst
	þið	-tist	-tuðust	-tist	-tuðust
	þeir, þær, þau	-tast	-tuðust	-tist	-tuðust

		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	-tast (þú), -tastu
plural	þið	-tist (þið), -tisti¹

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

*-taður* — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	-taður	-tuð	-tað	-taðir	-taðar	-tuð
accusative (þolfall)	-taðan	-taða	-tað	-taða	-taðar	-tuð
dative (þágufall)	-tuðum	-taðri	-tuðu	-tuðum	-tuðum	-tuðum
genitive (eignarfall)	-taðs	-taðrar	-taðs	-taðra	-taðra	-taðra

weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
weak declension (veik beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	-taði	-taða	-taða	-tuðu	-tuðu	-tuðu
accusative (þolfall)	-taða	-tuðu	-taða	-tuðu	-tuðu	-tuðu
dative (þágufall)	-taða	-tuðu	-taða	-tuðu	-tuðu	-tuðu
genitive (eignarfall)	-taða	-tuðu	-taða	-tuðu	-tuðu	-tuðu

But others are weak i-verbs:

*-ta* – active voice (*germynd*)
		present nútíð	past þátíð	present nútíð	past þátíð
infinitive nafnháttur		að -ta
supine sagnbót		-t
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		-tandi

		indicative framsöguháttur		subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
singular	ég	-ti	-ti	-ti	-ti
	þú	-tir	-tir	-tir	-tir
	hann, hún, það	-tir	-ti	-ti	-ti
plural	við	-tum	-tum	-tum	-tum
	þið	-tið	-tuð	-tið	-tuð
	þeir, þær, þau	-ta	-tu	-ti	-tu

		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	-t (þú), -tu
plural	þið	-tið (þið), -tiði¹

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

*-tast* – mediopassive voice (*miðmynd*)
		present nútíð	past þátíð	present nútíð	past þátíð
infinitive nafnháttur		að -tast
supine sagnbót		-st
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		-tandist (rare; see appendix)

		indicative framsöguháttur		subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
singular	ég	-tist	-tist	-tist	-tist
	þú	-tist	-tist	-tist	-tist
	hann, hún, það	-tist	-tist	-tist	-tist
plural	við	-tumst	-tumst	-tumst	-tumst
	þið	-tist	-tust	-tist	-tust
	þeir, þær, þau	-tast	-tust	-tist	-tust

		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	-st (þú), -stu
plural	þið	-tist (þið), -tisti¹

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

*-tur* — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	-tur	-t	-t	-tir	-tar	-t
accusative (þolfall)	-tan	-ta	-t	-ta	-tar	-t
dative (þágufall)	-tum	-tri	-tu	-tum	-tum	-tum
genitive (eignarfall)	-ts	-trar	-ts	-tra	-tra	-tra

weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
weak declension (veik beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	-ti	-ta	-ta	-tu	-tu	-tu
accusative (þolfall)	-ta	-tu	-ta	-tu	-tu	-tu
dative (þágufall)	-ta	-tu	-ta	-tu	-tu	-tu
genitive (eignarfall)	-ta	-tu	-ta	-tu	-tu	-tu

Derived terms

Icelandic terms suffixed with -ta

no pages or subcategories

deverbal

brækta (“to bleat”)
brölta (“to stumble”)
elta (“to chase”)
enta (“to care for”)
felmta (“to be startled”)
fletta (“to peel, turn (a page)”)
flökta (“to flutter, dither”)
fökta (“to flee”)
gauta (“to mention”)
hiksta (“to hiccup”)
hrista (“to shake”)
hætta (“to risk; to stop”)
hökta (“to limp”)
krikta (“to grumble”)
lykta, lukta (“to end”)
mjamta (“to make a sound”)
repta, rypta (“to burp”)
rymta (“to spread a rumour”)
rækta (“to cultivate, nurture”)
skjögta (“to stagger”)
skrækta (“to scream”)
skræmta (“to make a sound”)
sletta (“to splash”)
snökta (“to sob”)
spýta (“to spit”)
svipta (“to tug; to deprive”)
tæpta (“to graze, touch lightly”)
tögta (“to chew”)
vakta (“to watch, guard”)
vænta (“to expect”)
ymta (“to bring up, mention”)
yppta (“to shrug”)
þekta (“to hush (a child)”)
þræta (“to quarrel”)

denominal

flimta (“to make fun of”)
gæta (“to look after”)
æmta (“to express”)

deactival

gnægta (“to enrich”)
skammta (“to portion out, ration”)
skemmta (“to entertain”)
stimta (“to milk”)
vanta (“to lack, want”)

deadverbial

heimta (“to demand; to retrieve”)
játa (“to say yes, admit; to confess”)
neita (“to say no”)

References

Alexander Jóhannesson (1927), Die Suffixe im Isländischen [The Icelandic suffixes] (in German), Halle: Max Niemeyer Gutenberg Buchdruckerei, §112, pages 108-9

Igbo

Alternative forms

-té (neutral tongue position)

Suffix

-tá

towards, to.
pụ (“go out”) → pụtá (“come out”)

chọ́ (“want, seek”) → chọ́tá (“find”)
to one's advantage, for.

Derived terms

Igbo terms suffixed with -ta

Ilocano

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ta, an enclitic form of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ta/

Pronoun

-ta

First-person dual absolutive enclitic pronoun; we (two); us (two); you and I; you and me
Aggayyemta. ― You and I are friends.
First-person dual ergative enclitic pronoun; we (two); you and I
Masapul a tulunganta ni Maria. ― You and I should help Maria.
First-person dual possessive marker; our (mine and yours); of us two
Awan inggana koma ti ayatta. ― May our love last forever.

Irish

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

-tha

Suffix

-ta

added to nouns to form adjectives

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -ta (adjective)

Related terms

-ga (-da, -dha)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

-te (slender form)
-tha, -the

Suffix

-ta

used to form strong plural forms of nouns

Etymology 3

From Old Irish -ta, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts, whence also Ancient Greek -της (-tēs), Sanskrit -ताति (-tāti), and Latin -tās.

Alternative forms

-te (slender form)
-tha, -the

Suffix

-ta

used to form the past participle of verbs

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -ta (participle)

Etymology 4

Alternative forms

-te, -tha, -the

Suffix

-ta

genitive singular of -adh (verbal noun suffix)

Japanese

Romanization

-ta

Rōmaji transcription of た

Suffix

-ta (-た)

Past tense verb ending

Kambera

Pronoun

-ta

first person plural inclusive accusative enclitic

Kapampangan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *taq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taq₂. Pangasinan ta, Isnag ta, Tiruray ta, Tausug ta. Also possibly comes from the clipping of yata.

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: -tá

Suffix

-ta

enclitic suffix, functions as an adjunct of uncertainty or a filler.
Tabaluta.
I don't know [who knows?]

Antayuta.
Where is it? [God only knows where it is.]

Nandakata.
Whatever [it's up to you.]

Mengan naka-ta.
Have you eaten yet? [I think so.]

Mako na-ta.
I think I'm leaving. [Maybe?]

Maliari kayata.
I wonder if it's ok. [I think.]

Lakota

Suffix

-ta

to, at, on, in
‎pahá (“hill, butte”) + ‎-ta → ‎paháta (“on the hill, butte”)

‎maȟpíya (“sky”) + ‎-ta → ‎maȟpíyata (“in the sky”)

‎mní (“water”) + ‎-ta → ‎mniyáta (“at the water”)

Usage notes

Changes to (-ata), (-yata) following vowel.

Latin

Suffix

-ta

inflection of -tus:
1. feminine nominative/vocative singular
2. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Suffix

-tā

feminine ablative singular of -tus

Makasar

Alternative forms

-nta

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta, from Proto-Austronesian *ta.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ta]

Pronoun

-ta (clitic, Lontara spelling ᨈ or 𑻦)

our (first person plural inclusive)
your (polite second person singular and plural)

Navajo

Suffix

-ta

alternative form of -tah (“among”)

References

Young, Robert; Morgan, William; Midgette, Sally (1992), Analytical Lexicon of Navajo, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, →ISBN, page 471

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

-te

Etymology

From Old Norse -ta (“verb creating suffix”), from Proto-Germanic *-atjaną (“intensive verb suffix”).

Compare Icelandic -ta, Faroese -ta, Swedish -ta, Danish -te and Norwegian Bokmål -te. Related to German -zen, -sen and possibly English -et, -t.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tɑ/

Suffix

-ta

(no longer productive) Used to form verbs from other verbs
‎spy (“to spew, vomit”) + ‎-ta → ‎spytta (“to spit”)

‎røkja (“to investigate”) + ‎-ta → ‎røkta (“to take care of”)

‎knarra (“to growl”) + ‎-ta → ‎knerta (“to creak, crunch”)
(no longer productive) Used to form verbs from nouns
‎aks (“ear, spike”) + ‎-ta → ‎aksta (“to plant ears”)

‎skym (“twilight”) + ‎-ta → ‎skymta (“to darken”)

‎blik (“shine”) + ‎-ta → ‎blikta (“to shine”)
(no longer productive) Used to form verbs from adjectives
‎halv (“half”) + ‎-ta → ‎halvta (“to halve”)

‎baus (“proud”) + ‎-ta → ‎bausta (“to boast”)

‎lang (“long”) + ‎-ta → ‎lengta (“to long for”)
(no longer productive) Used to form verbs from adverbs
‎ja (“yes”) + ‎-ta → ‎jatta (“to say yes; agree”)

‎nei (“no”) + ‎-ta → ‎neitta (“to say no; deny”)

‎heim (“home”) + ‎-ta → ‎henta (“to fetch”)

Usage notes

The suffix is not productive in the standard language; its role has been superseded by -e, -a (“infinitive ending”).

Most verbs formed with -ta are conjugated as a-verbs:
- å bausta, baustar, bausta, har bausta
- å lengta, lengtar, lengta, har lengta
- å aksta, akstar, aksta, har aksta

Most verbal nouns are formed by dropping the -a. The gender may vary:
- å lengta → ein lengt
- å røkta → ei røkt
- å blikta → eit blikt

References

“%ta”, in Norsk Ordbok: Ordbok over det Norske Folkemålet og det Nynorske Skriftmålet (in Norwegian Nynorsk), Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget, 1950–2016, →ISBN.
“lengt” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
“røkt” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
“blikt” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Nuxalk

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Salish *-(s)tən.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ta/

Suffix

-ta

tool, implement

Derived terms

Nuxalk terms suffixed with -ta

References

Hank Nater (2022), The Nuxalk Language: (lexicon, narratives, grammar), →DOI, page 203

Quechua

Etymology

From Proto-Quechuan *-kta. Compare with Classical Quechua -kta.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ta/

Suffix

-ta

Used for the accusative case. Indicates the direct object of a verb or the goal of a motion verb.
‎wasi (“house”) + ‎-ta → ‎wasita (“at the house”)

‎mama (“mother”) + ‎-ta → ‎mamaykita (“your mother (direct object)”)
Used to form adverbs from adjectives.
‎allin (“good”) + ‎-ta → ‎allinta (“well”)

Scottish Gaelic

Suffix

-ta

alternative form of -te
'S leònta mo làmh. ― My hand is wounded.

Derived terms

Scottish Gaelic terms suffixed with -ta

Somali

Suffix

-ta

A condition or state

Swahili

Suffix

-ta

(no longer productive) final conclusion of a process, often involving contact
‎-okoa (“to save”) + ‎-ta → ‎-okota (“to pick up”)

Derived terms

Swahili terms suffixed with -ta

References

Ashton, E. O. (1944), Swahili Grammar (including Intonation), London: Longmans, Green & Co, pages 237–238.
Lodhi, Abdulaziz Y. (2002), “Verbal extensions in Bantu (the case of Swahili and Nyamwezi)”, in Africa & Asia‎^[2], volume 2, →ISSN, archived from the original on 11 December 2009, section 3.6, page 16 of 4-26.

Turkish

Suffix

-ta

alternative form of -da (locative suffix) (after an unvoiced consonant)

Wolaytta

Suffix

-ta

Plural marker.
Forms the plural of certain nouns ending in -aa by replacing this endings with -ta.

Usage notes

This suffix does not attach directly to the full word. Instead, the final syllable -aa of the singular noun is removed and replaced with -ta to form the plural.

Formation rule

maataa → maatata
naaganchchaa → naaganchchata

Related terms

-ota
-eta

Ye'kwana

Alternative forms

-cha (allomorph after i)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [-ta]

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ta

Forms intransitive verbs with patient-like arguments from nouns.

Derived terms

Ye'kwana terms suffixed with -ta

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ta

Forms the certain future tense.

Usage notes

Verbs with this suffix take series I person markers.

Derived terms

-tai (possibly)

Etymology 3

Cognates are found in many other Cariban languages, where they are usually restricted to use with or in place of an imperative marker cognate to -kö. The Ye'kwana suffix thus shows a broadened scope of use.

Suffix

-ta

Directs that the command or request expressed by a verb must be executed somewhere else and not at the place where the order was given.

Usage notes

This suffix immediately precedes the verb’s tense/aspect/mood markers (and so is distinguished from the certain future suffix above). In most cases, it can only appear with one of the three modal markers -kö (imperative), -iye (jussive), and -'ñojo (rogative); however, when used in the imperative singular, it takes the place of the suffix -kö instead of appearing alongside it.

In the plural this suffix takes the form -tan except in the third person, where it does not change. That is, it takes the form -tan when followed by plural -tö.

Derived terms

-tan

References

Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-ta”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[3], Lyon, pages 149, 225–226, 234–236

[1] R. L. Trask (2008), “eta”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 183

[1]

Person	Number	Absolutive		Ergative	Oblique	Possessive
Person	Number	Disjunctive	Enclitic	Enclitic³	Oblique	bági form	kukua form
First	singular	siak	-ak	-ko, -k	kaniak	bagik	kukuak, kuak
	dual	data, sita¹	-ta		kaniata, kadata	bagita	kukuata
	plural inclusive	datayo, sitayo¹	-tayo, -tay		kaniatayo, kadatayo	bagitayo	kukuatayo
	plural exclusive	dakami, sikami¹	-kami, -kam	-mi	kaniami, kadakami	bagimi	kukuami
Second	singular	sika	-ka	-mo, -m	kaniam, kenka	bagim	kukuam
Second	plural	dakayo, sikayo¹	-kayo, -kay	-yo	kaniayo, kadakayo	bagiyo	kukuayo
Third	singular	isu, isuna	Ø²	-na	kaniana, kenkuana	bagina	kukuana
Third	plural	isuda	-da		kaniada, kadakuada	bagida	kukuada

Actor	Patient
Actor	siak	data	datayo	dakami	sika	dakayo	isu⁵	isuda
siak	bagik⁴	—	—	—	-ka	-kayo	-ko, -k	-ko ida, -k ida
data	—	bagita⁴	—	—	—	—	-ta	-ta ida
datayo	—	—	bagitayo⁴	—	—	—	-tayo	-tayo ida
dakami	—	—	—	bagimi⁴	-daka	-dakayo	-mi	-mi ida
sika	-nak	—	—	-nakami	bagim⁴	—	-mo, -m	-mo ida, -m ida
dakayo	-dak	-data	—	-dakami	—	bagiyo⁴	-yo	-yo ida
isu	-nak	-nata	-natayo	-nakami	-naka	-nakayo	bagina⁴, -na	-na ida
isuda	-dak	-data	-datayo	-dakami	-daka	-dakayo	-da	bagida⁴, -da ida

			nominative	genitive	accusative	dative
singular	first person		ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
	second person		mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
	third person		na-	-na	-ya	-nya
plural	first person	inclusive	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
	first person	exclusive	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
	second person		mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
	third person		da-	-da	-ha	-nja

	independent	absolutive	nominative	possessive
1^st sg / 1^st pl exclusive	nakke	-a'	ku-	-ku
1^st pl exclusive (archaic)	kambe	-kang	ki-	-mang
1^st pl inclusive / 2^nd sg polite	katte	-ki'	ki-	-ta
2^nd sg / pl familiar	kau	-ko	nu-	-nu
3^rd sg / pl	ia	-i	na-	-na

Afar

Pronunciation 1

Suffix

Declension

Pronunciation 2

Suffix

Declension

References

Basque

Alternative forms

Etymology

Suffix

References

Estonian

Suffix

Usage notes

Finnish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Further reading

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

See also

Further reading

Etymology 4

Suffix

Usage notes

Conjugation

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Suffix

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Icelandic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Igbo

Alternative forms

Suffix

Derived terms

Ilocano

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Irish

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Suffix

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Suffix

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

Suffix

Derived terms

Etymology 4