-tta

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: -ttä and tta

Finnish

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *-tta, from Proto-Uralic *-kta.

Suffix

[edit]

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)

  1. Suffix for the abessive case, without.
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Suffixed to the genitive stem in the singular, to the same stem as the inessive in the plural.
  • Not very commonly used outside of set phrases, especially the singular forms. The only abessive forms still in general use are abessive forms of the third infinitive.
  • See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the abessive case is used.
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (without): ilman (+ partitive, preposition), vailla (+ partitive, preposition)
Derived terms
[edit]
  • -ti (has developed into the general abessive case suffix in most Nyland and South Tavastian dialects)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Derived from the assimilated final consonant of the stem, *k or *h, plus the partitive suffix -ta.

Suffix

[edit]

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)

  1. A suffix for the partitive singular.
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Used predominantly for words whose nominative singular ends in -e and which lengthen that final -e in other singular cases, as well as for ordinal numerals starting from kolmas. Traditionally also for ori.
  • See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the partitive case is used.

Etymology 3

[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *-tta, from Proto-Finno-Permic *-kta.

Suffix

[edit]

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)

  1. Forms certain adverbs, typically of manner.
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]

Possibly from Proto-Finnic *-tta, if *aitta contains this suffix; otherwise there are no corresponding forms even in the other Finnic languages. Alternatively, examples of this suffix may instead originally represent contractions from aitta, like most of -tto words as well, except for literary coinages.

Suffix

[edit]

-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA) (rare)

  1. Forms some nouns, generally for places.
Usage notes
[edit]

Suffixed to the weak stem and appears to cause the final -a- to change to -e- in the same way as -mpi, -ella, -ntaa, -eta do. This may, however, be a gap in data, as karjetta and ometta may both be formed analogously to navetta, and the suffix -tto (which is derived from -tta) does not appear to exhibit this behavior.

Derived terms
[edit]

Hungarian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-tta

  1. (past-tense suffix) Forms the third-person singular past tense of verbs (definite conjugation).
    (to carve) + ‎-tta → ‎tta (he/she (has/had) carved)
  2. (verbal-participle suffix) Forms the verbal participle of certain verbs, always following the agent noun.
    szí (to suck) + ‎-tta → ‎[nap]szítta [haj] ([hair] bleached by [the sun], literally sun-sucked hair)

Usage notes

[edit]
  • (past-tense and verbal-participle suffix) Variants:
    -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
    -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
    -tta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (, , szí; ó, ; )
    -tte is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (, , sző; nyű)
    -otta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)
    -ette is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
    -ötte is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)
  • (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
    -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
    -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
    -tte is added to front-vowel verbs that originally ended in a vowel (like jön, originally )
    -ata is added to back-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like hall)
    -ete is added to front-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like kell)

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

Pali

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

-tta

  1. This suffix forms a class of neuter abstract nouns from adjectives and nouns, and express the state, nature or quality of being that which is denoted by the adjective or noun.
    Synonym: -tā

Declension

[edit]