-eta

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak (stem *-në-), from Proto-Uralic *-me-. Related to Estonian -nema, -neda and Veps -eta. The stem has been reworked considerably in some forms; see the Proto-Finnic entry for more details.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-etɑˣ/, [-e̞t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix

-eta (front vowel harmony variant -etä, stem -ne- or -ene-, linguistic notation -ne- or -ene- or -etA)

Forms translative verbs from adjectives, meaning "to become (adjective)" or "to become more (adjective)".
‎tumma (“dark”) + ‎-eta → ‎tummeta (“to darken”)

Usage notes

The derived verbs belong to the conjugation type vanheta (72).
This ending normally replaces the stem-final vowel(s) of the base adjective, though some adjectives ending in -o show an allomorph -ta (e.g. isota).

Inflection

Inflection of -eta (Kotus type 72/vanheta, no gradation)

indicative mood

present tense

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-enen

en -ene

1st sing.

olen -ennut

en ole -ennut

2nd sing.

-enet

et -ene

2nd sing.

olet -ennut

et ole -ennut

3rd sing.

-enee

ei -ene

3rd sing.

on -ennut

ei ole -ennut

1st plur.

-enemme

emme -ene

1st plur.

olemme -enneet

emme ole -enneet

2nd plur.

-enette

ette -ene

2nd plur.

olette -enneet

ette ole -enneet

3rd plur.

-enevat

eivät -ene

3rd plur.

ovat -enneet

eivät ole -enneet

passive

-etaan

ei -eta

passive

on -ettu

ei ole -ettu

past tense

pluperfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-enin

en -ennut

1st sing.

olin -ennut

en ollut -ennut

2nd sing.

-enit

et -ennut

2nd sing.

olit -ennut

et ollut -ennut

3rd sing.

-eni

ei -ennut

3rd sing.

oli -ennut

ei ollut -ennut

1st plur.

-enimme

emme -enneet

1st plur.

olimme -enneet

emme olleet -enneet

2nd plur.

-enitte

ette -enneet

2nd plur.

olitte -enneet

ette olleet -enneet

3rd plur.

-enivat

eivät -enneet

3rd plur.

olivat -enneet

eivät olleet -enneet

passive

-ettiin

ei -ettu

passive

oli -ettu

ei ollut -ettu

conditional mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-enisin

en -enisi

1st sing.

olisin -ennut

en olisi -ennut

2nd sing.

-enisit

et -enisi

2nd sing.

olisit -ennut

et olisi -ennut

3rd sing.

-enisi

ei -enisi

3rd sing.

olisi -ennut

ei olisi -ennut

1st plur.

-enisimme

emme -enisi

1st plur.

olisimme -enneet

emme olisi -enneet

2nd plur.

-enisitte

ette -enisi

2nd plur.

olisitte -enneet

ette olisi -enneet

3rd plur.

-enisivat

eivät -enisi

3rd plur.

olisivat -enneet

eivät olisi -enneet

passive

-ettaisiin

ei -ettaisi

passive

olisi -ettu

ei olisi -ettu

imperative mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

—

1st sing.

—

2nd sing.

-ene

älä -ene

2nd sing.

—

3rd sing.

-etkoon

älköön -etko

3rd sing.

olkoon -ennut

älköön olko -ennut

1st plur.

-etkaamme

älkäämme -etko

1st plur.

—

2nd plur.

-etkaa

älkää -etko

2nd plur.

—

3rd plur.

-etkoot

älkööt -etko

3rd plur.

olkoot -enneet

älkööt olko -enneet

passive

-ettakoon

älköön -ettako

passive

olkoon -ettu

älköön olko -ettu

potential mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-ennen

en -enne

1st sing.

lienen -ennut

en liene -ennut

2nd sing.

-ennet

et -enne

2nd sing.

lienet -ennut

et liene -ennut

3rd sing.

-ennee

ei -enne

3rd sing.

lienee -ennut

ei liene -ennut

1st plur.

-ennemme

emme -enne

1st plur.

lienemme -enneet

emme liene -enneet

2nd plur.

-ennette

ette -enne

2nd plur.

lienette -enneet

ette liene -enneet

3rd plur.

-ennevat

eivät -enne

3rd plur.

lienevät -enneet

eivät liene -enneet

passive

-ettaneen

ei -ettane

passive

lienee -ettu

ei liene -ettu

Nominal forms

infinitives

participles

active

passive

active

passive

1st

-eta

present

-eneva

-ettava

long 1st¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-etakseni	-etaksemme
2nd	-etaksesi	-etaksenne
3rd	-etakseen -etaksensa

past

-ennut

-ettu

2nd

inessive²

-etessa

-ettaessa

agent⁴

-enema

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-etessani	-etessamme
2nd	-etessasi	-etessanne
3rd	-etessaan -etessansa

negative

-enematon

instructive

-eten

—

¹⁾ Used only with a possessive suffix.

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd

inessive

-enemassa

—

elative

-enemasta

—

illative

-enemaan

—

adessive

-enemalla

—

abessive

-enematta

—

instructive

-eneman

-ettaman

4th³

verbal noun

-eneminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-enemaisillani	-enemaisillamme
2nd	-enemaisillasi	-enemaisillanne
3rd	-enemaisillaan -enemaisillansa

Note that gradation may apply.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -eta

-ntaa

Anagrams

Tea, tae

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak. Cognates include Finnish -eta and Estonian -neda.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-etɑ/, [-e̞tɑˑ]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-etɑ/, [-e̞d̥ɑˑ]

Suffix

-eta (front vowel variant -etä)

Used to form inchoative verbs.
‎pimmiä (“dark”) + ‎-eta → ‎pimetä (“to darken”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -eta (type 15/valeta, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-enen	en -ene	1st singular	oon -ent, oon -ennut	en oo -ent, en oo -ennut
2nd singular	-enet	et -ene	2nd singular	oot -ent, oot -ennut	et oo -ent, et oo -ennut
3rd singular	-enoo	ei -ene	3rd singular	ono -ent, ono -ennut	ei oo -ent, ei oo -ennut
1st plural	-enemma	emmä -ene	1st plural	oomma -enneet	emmä oo -enneet
2nd plural	-enetta	että -ene	2nd plural	ootta -enneet	että oo -enneet
3rd plural	-enoot¹⁾, -enevat²⁾, -etaa	evät -ene, ei -eta	3rd plural	ovat -enneet	evät oo -enneet, ei oo -ettu
impersonal	-etaa	ei -eta	impersonal	ono -ettu	ei oo -ettu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-enin	en -ent, en -ennut	1st singular	olin -ent, olin -ennut	en olt -ent, en olt -ennut
2nd singular	-enit	et -ent, et -ennut	2nd singular	olit -ent, olit -ennut	et olt -ent, et olt -ennut
3rd singular	-eni	ei -ent, ei -ennut	3rd singular	oli -ent, oli -ennut	ei olt -ent, ei olt -ennut
1st plural	-enimma	emmä -enneet	1st plural	olimma -enneet	emmä olleet -enneet
2nd plural	-enitta	että -enneet	2nd plural	olitta -enneet	että olleet -enneet
3rd plural	-eniit¹⁾, -enivat²⁾, -ettii	evät -enneet, ei -ettu	3rd plural	olivat -enneet	evät olleet -enneet, ei olt -ettu
impersonal	-ettii	ei -ettu	impersonal	oli -ettu	ei olt -ettu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-enisin	en -enis	1st singular	olisin -ent, olisin -ennut	en olis -ent, en olis -ennut
2nd singular	-enisit, -eniist¹⁾	et -enis	2nd singular	olisit -ent, olisit -ennut	et olis -ent, et olis -ennut
3rd singular	-enis	ei -enis	3rd singular	olis -ent, olis -ennut	ei olis -ent, ei olis -ennut
1st plural	-enisimma	emmä -enis	1st plural	olisimma -enneet	emmä olis -enneet
2nd plural	-enisitta	että -enis	2nd plural	olisitta -enneet	että olis -enneet
3rd plural	-enisiit¹⁾, -enisivat²⁾, -ettais	evät -enis, ei -ettais	3rd plural	olisivat -enneet	evät olis -enneet, ei olis -ettu
impersonal	-ettais	ei -ettais	impersonal	olis -ettu	ei olis -ettu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	-ene	elä -ene	2nd singular	oo -ent, oo -ennut	elä oo -ent, elä oo -ennut
3rd singular	-etkoo	elköö -etko	3rd singular	olkoo -ent, olkoo -ennut	elköö olko -ent, elköö olko -ennut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	-etkaa	elkää -etko	2nd plural	olkaa -enneet	elkää olko -enneet
3rd plural	-etkoot	elkööt -etko, elköö -ettako	3rd plural	olkoot -enneet	elkööt olko -enneet, elköö olko -ettu
impersonal	-ettakkoo	elköö -ettako	impersonal	olkoo -ettu	elköö olko -ettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	-enen	en -ene
2nd singular	-enet	et -ene
3rd singular	-enoo	ei -ene
1st plural	-enemma	emmä -ene
2nd plural	-enetta	että -ene
3rd plural	-enoot	evät -ene, ei -ettane
impersonal	-ettannoo	ei -ettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		-eta	present	-eneva	-ettava
2nd	inessive	-etees	past	-ent, -ennut	-ettu
2nd	instructive	-eten	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-etkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	-enommaa
	inessive	-enomas
	elative	-enomast
	abessive	-enomata
4th	nominative	-enomiin
	partitive	-enomista, -enomist

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-etɑ/, [-e̞tɑˑ]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-etɑ/, [-e̞d̥ɑˑ]

Suffix

-eta

impersonal present indicative connegative of -taa

Italian

Etymology

From Latin -ēta, plural of -ētum. Compare -eto.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈe.ta/
Rhymes: -eta
Hyphenation: -é‧ta

Suffix

-eta f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ete)

wood, forest
‎sughera (“cork oak”) + ‎-eta → ‎sughereta (“cork oak forest”)
orchard, grove, plantation
‎ulivo (“olive, olive tree”) + ‎-eta → ‎uliveta (“olive grove”)

Derived terms

Italian terms suffixed with -eta

Anagrams

-ate

Latin

Suffix

-ēta

nominative/accusative/vocative plural of -ētum

Portuguese

Alternative forms

-êta (obsolete)

Etymology

In some words from Italian -etta and in others from French -ette. Both come from Latin -itta. Doublet of -ita and -ete.

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈe.tɐ/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ta/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈe.tɐ/

Suffix

-eta f (noun-forming suffix, plural -etas)

forms the diminutive of feminine nouns, often as an adaptation of French loanwords ending in -ette
Synonym: -ete

‎canção (“song”) + ‎-eta → ‎cançoneta (“short, cheerful song”)

Suffix

-eta m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -etas)
-eta m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -etas)

forms adjectives indicating missing a body part, especially a single part of a pair, such as only one hand or one foot
‎perna (“leg”) + ‎-eta → ‎perneta (“missing or leg”)
forms nouns indicating a person missing a body part, especially if they have only one part of a pair, such as only one hand or one foot
‎perna (“leg”) + ‎-eta → ‎perneta (“a person missing a leg”)

Derived terms

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Italic *-tosder.?

Late Latin -ittus

Old French -et

Middle French -et

French -etder.

French -ettebor.

▲

Late Latin -ittus

Italian -ettoder.

Italian -ettabor.

Spanish -eta

Borrowed from French -ette and Italian -etta. Doublet of -ita.

Suffix

-eta f (noun-forming suffix, plural -etas)

alternative form of -ete; forms diminutives from nouns and adjectives, or gives a particularizing sense
‎banca (“bench”) + ‎-eta → ‎banqueta (“footstool, small bench”)

‎casa (“house”) + ‎-eta → ‎caseta (“hut”)

Usage notes

Used especially after feminine nouns. Compare -ete.

Derived terms

Veps

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak. Related to Finnish -eta.

Suffix

-eta

Forms intransitive verbs from adjectives, indicating "to become".

Inflection

Inflection of -eta (inflection type 28/edeta)
1st infinitive	-eta
present indic.	-eneb
past indic.	-eni
	present indicative	past indicative	imperative
1st singular	-enen	-enin	—
2nd singular	-ened	-enid	-ene
3rd singular	-eneb	-eni	-ekaha
1st plural	-enem	-enim	-ekam
2nd plural	-enet	-enit	-ekat
3rd plural	-etas -eneba	-eniba	-ekaha
sing. conneg.¹	-ene	-enend	-ene
plur. conneg.	-ekoi	-enugoi	-ekoi
	present conditional	past conditional	potential
1st singular	-enižin	-enuižin	-enenen
2nd singular	-enižid	-enuižid	-enened
3rd singular	-eniži	-enuiži	-eneneb
1st plural	-enižim	-enuižim	-enenem
2nd plural	-enižit	-enuižit	-enenet
3rd plural	-enižiba	-enuižiba	-eneneba
connegative	-eniži	-enuiži	-enene
non-finite forms
1st infinitive	-eta
2nd infinitive		3rd infinitive
inessive	-etes	inessive	-enemas
instructive	-eten	illative	-enemaha
participles		elative	-enemaspäi
present active	-enii	adessive	-enemal
past active	-enu	abessive	-enemat
past passive	-etud
¹ In imperative: used only in the second-person singular. The plural form is used with other persons.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-ntadak. Related to Finnish -(e)ntaa.

Suffix

-eta

Forms transitive verbs from adjectives, indicating "to make" or "to cause to become".

Inflection

Inflection of -eta (inflection type 29/koheta)
1st infinitive	-eta
present indic.	-endab
past indic.	-enzi
	present indicative	past indicative	imperative
1st singular	-endan	-enzin	—
2nd singular	-endad	-enzid	-enda
3rd singular	-endab	-enzi	-ekaha
1st plural	-endam	-enzim	-ekam
2nd plural	-endat	-enzit	-ekat
3rd plural	-etas -endaba	-enziba	-ekaha
sing. conneg.¹	-enda	-endand	-enda
plur. conneg.	-ekoi	-enugoi	-ekoi
	present conditional	past conditional	potential
1st singular	-endaižin	-enuižin	-endanen
2nd singular	-endaižid	-enuižid	-endaned
3rd singular	-endaiži	-enuiži	-endaneb
1st plural	-endaižim	-enuižim	-endanem
2nd plural	-endaižit	-enuižit	-endanet
3rd plural	-endaižiba	-enuižiba	-endaneba
connegative	-endaiži	-enuiži	-endane
non-finite forms
1st infinitive	-eta
2nd infinitive		3rd infinitive
inessive	-etes	inessive	-endamas
instructive	-eten	illative	-endamaha
participles		elative	-endamaspäi
present active	-endai	adessive	-endamal
past active	-enu	abessive	-endamat
past passive	-etud
¹ In imperative: used only in the second-person singular. The plural form is used with other persons.

Derived terms

Veps terms suffixed with -eta (ndab)

Basque

Suffix

Derived terms

Catalan

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Inflection

Derived terms

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Suffix

Conjugation

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Suffix

Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Anagrams

Latin

Suffix

Portuguese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Suffix

Derived terms

Further reading

Spanish

Etymology

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Further reading

Veps

Etymology 1

Suffix

Inflection

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

Inflection

Derived terms