tumma

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Estonian tõmmu, Estonian tume, Ingrian tumma, Karelian tumma, Võro tummõ and Votic tummõ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈt̪umːɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -umːɑ
• Syllabification^(key): tum‧ma

Adjective

tumma (comparative tummempi, superlative tummin)

1. dark (of colour)

   Hänellä on tumma tukka.

   She has dark hair.

   Minä käytän vain tummia vaatteita.

   I only wear dark clothes.

2. dark-haired

   Naapurin jätkä seurustelee taas sen tumman tytön kanssa.

   The guy next door is dating the dark-haired girl again.

Usage notes

• The compound names of dark variants of a color are formed with genitive of tumma, other adjectives often with nominative, depending on the head word, e.g.:

tummankeltainen (“dark yellow”)

tummaihoinen (“dark-skinned”)

Declension

Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		tumma	tummat
genitive		tumman	tummien
partitive		tummaa	tummia
illative		tummaan	tummiin
		singular	plural
nominative		tumma	tummat
accusative	nom.	tumma	tummat
	gen.	tumman
genitive		tumman	tummien tummain rare
partitive		tummaa	tummia
inessive		tummassa	tummissa
elative		tummasta	tummista
illative		tummaan	tummiin
adessive		tummalla	tummilla
ablative		tummalta	tummilta
allative		tummalle	tummille
essive		tummana	tummina
translative		tummaksi	tummiksi
abessive		tummatta	tummitta
instructive		—	tummin
comitative		—	tummine

Possessive forms of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tummani tummani accusative nom. tummani tummani gen. tummani genitive tummani tummieni tummaini rare partitive tummaani tummiani inessive tummassani tummissani elative tummastani tummistani illative tummaani tummiini adessive tummallani tummillani ablative tummaltani tummiltani allative tummalleni tummilleni essive tummanani tumminani translative tummakseni tummikseni abessive tummattani tummittani instructive — — comitative — tummineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tummasi tummasi accusative nom. tummasi tummasi gen. tummasi genitive tummasi tummiesi tummaisi rare partitive tummaasi tummiasi inessive tummassasi tummissasi elative tummastasi tummistasi illative tummaasi tummiisi adessive tummallasi tummillasi ablative tummaltasi tummiltasi allative tummallesi tummillesi essive tummanasi tumminasi translative tummaksesi tummiksesi abessive tummattasi tummittasi instructive — — comitative — tumminesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tummamme tummamme accusative nom. tummamme tummamme gen. tummamme genitive tummamme tummiemme tummaimme rare partitive tummaamme tummiamme inessive tummassamme tummissamme elative tummastamme tummistamme illative tummaamme tummiimme adessive tummallamme tummillamme ablative tummaltamme tummiltamme allative tummallemme tummillemme essive tummanamme tumminamme translative tummaksemme tummiksemme abessive tummattamme tummittamme instructive — — comitative — tumminemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tummanne tummanne accusative nom. tummanne tummanne gen. tummanne genitive tummanne tummienne tummainne rare partitive tummaanne tummianne inessive tummassanne tummissanne elative tummastanne tummistanne illative tummaanne tummiinne adessive tummallanne tummillanne ablative tummaltanne tummiltanne allative tummallenne tummillenne essive tummananne tumminanne translative tummaksenne tummiksenne abessive tummattanne tummittanne instructive — — comitative — tumminenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative tummansa tummansa accusative nom. tummansa tummansa gen. tummansa genitive tummansa tummiensa tummainsa rare partitive tummaansa tummiaan tummiansa inessive tummassaan tummassansa tummissaan tummissansa elative tummastaan tummastansa tummistaan tummistansa illative tummaansa tummiinsa adessive tummallaan tummallansa tummillaan tummillansa ablative tummaltaan tummaltansa tummiltaan tummiltansa allative tummalleen tummallensa tummilleen tummillensa essive tummanaan tummanansa tumminaan tumminansa translative tummakseen tummaksensa tummikseen tummiksensa abessive tummattaan tummattansa tummittaan tummittansa instructive — — comitative — tummineen tumminensa

Antonyms

• vaalea

Noun

tumma (informal)

1. (possibly derogatory) Romani, Rom (person)

   Tummat kruisasivat Mersullaan kylän halki.

   The Romani cruised through the town in their Mercedes Benz.

Declension

Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		tumma	tummat
genitive		tumman	tummien
partitive		tummaa	tummia
illative		tummaan	tummiin
		singular	plural
nominative		tumma	tummat
accusative	nom.	tumma	tummat
	gen.	tumman
genitive		tumman	tummien tummain rare
partitive		tummaa	tummia
inessive		tummassa	tummissa
elative		tummasta	tummista
illative		tummaan	tummiin
adessive		tummalla	tummilla
ablative		tummalta	tummilta
allative		tummalle	tummille
essive		tummana	tummina
translative		tummaksi	tummiksi
abessive		tummatta	tummitta
instructive		—	tummin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tummani tummani accusative nom. tummani tummani gen. tummani genitive tummani tummieni tummaini rare partitive tummaani tummiani inessive tummassani tummissani elative tummastani tummistani illative tummaani tummiini adessive tummallani tummillani ablative tummaltani tummiltani allative tummalleni tummilleni essive tummanani tumminani translative tummakseni tummikseni abessive tummattani tummittani instructive — — comitative — tummineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tummasi tummasi accusative nom. tummasi tummasi gen. tummasi genitive tummasi tummiesi tummaisi rare partitive tummaasi tummiasi inessive tummassasi tummissasi elative tummastasi tummistasi illative tummaasi tummiisi adessive tummallasi tummillasi ablative tummaltasi tummiltasi allative tummallesi tummillesi essive tummanasi tumminasi translative tummaksesi tummiksesi abessive tummattasi tummittasi instructive — — comitative — tumminesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tummamme tummamme accusative nom. tummamme tummamme gen. tummamme genitive tummamme tummiemme tummaimme rare partitive tummaamme tummiamme inessive tummassamme tummissamme elative tummastamme tummistamme illative tummaamme tummiimme adessive tummallamme tummillamme ablative tummaltamme tummiltamme allative tummallemme tummillemme essive tummanamme tumminamme translative tummaksemme tummiksemme abessive tummattamme tummittamme instructive — — comitative — tumminemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tummanne tummanne accusative nom. tummanne tummanne gen. tummanne genitive tummanne tummienne tummainne rare partitive tummaanne tummianne inessive tummassanne tummissanne elative tummastanne tummistanne illative tummaanne tummiinne adessive tummallanne tummillanne ablative tummaltanne tummiltanne allative tummallenne tummillenne essive tummananne tumminanne translative tummaksenne tummiksenne abessive tummattanne tummittanne instructive — — comitative — tumminenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative tummansa tummansa accusative nom. tummansa tummansa gen. tummansa genitive tummansa tummiensa tummainsa rare partitive tummaansa tummiaan tummiansa inessive tummassaan tummassansa tummissaan tummissansa elative tummastaan tummastansa tummistaan tummistansa illative tummaansa tummiinsa adessive tummallaan tummallansa tummillaan tummillansa ablative tummaltaan tummaltansa tummiltaan tummiltansa allative tummalleen tummallensa tummilleen tummillensa essive tummanaan tummanansa tumminaan tumminansa translative tummakseen tummaksensa tummikseen tummiksensa abessive tummattaan tummattansa tummittaan tummittansa instructive — — comitative — tummineen tumminensa

Synonyms

• mustalainen

Derived terms

• tumma puku
• tummahko
• tummasti
• tummentaa
• tummento
• tummeta
• tummua
• tummuus

 

compounds

• tummahiuksinen
• tummahäränsilmä
• tummaihoinen
• tummajättiläishyppypäästäinen
• tummakasvoinen
• tummakulmainen
• tummalahnanruoho
• tummalakihapero
• tummalakiseitikki
• tummamuntjakki
• tummanharmaa
• tummankarvainen
• tummanokkahiiri
• tummanpuhuva
• tummanpunainen
• tummanruskea
• tummansininen
• tummanvihreä
• tummapaahtoinen
• tummapintainen
• tummapukuinen
• tummapussipeto
• tummapuumuura
• tummasilmä
• tummasilmäinen
• tummasointinen
• tummasolu
• tummasävyinen
• tummatarhakotilo
• tummatukka
• tummatukkainen
• tummatäpläseitikki
• tummaverikkö
• tummaverinen
• tummavetinen

 

Further reading

• “tumma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• ammut, mamut

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Finnish tumma and Estonian tõmmu.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumːɑ]
• Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
• Hyphenation: tum‧ma

Adjective

tumma (comparative tummemp)

1. dim, dark

Declension

Declension of tumma (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	tumma	tummat
genitive	tumman	tummiin
partitive	tummaa	tummia
illative	tummaa	tummii
inessive	tummaas	tummiis
elative	tummast	tummist
allative	tummalle	tummille
adessive	tummaal	tummiil
ablative	tummalt	tummilt
translative	tummaks	tummiks
essive	tummanna, tummaan	tumminna, tummiin
exessive1)	tummant	tummint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• tummaveriin

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 608

Sidamo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtumːa/
• Hyphenation: tum‧ma

Noun

tumma f

1. plural of tuma

Declension

Declension of tumma (feminine)

	unmodified	modified
predicative	tumma
nominative	tumma	tumma
genitive	tummate*)	tumma*)
dative	tummate	tummara
accusative	tumma*)
ablative	tummatenni	tummanni
*) Stressed on the final vowel.

References

• Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38

Swedish

Etymology

tumme (“thumb”) +‎ -a

Verb

tumma (present tummar, preterite tummade, supine tummat, imperative tumma)

1. to thumb (touch or manipulate with one's thumb)
2. to confirm mutual agreement (sometimes by parties pressing their right thumbs against each other), to shake on it, to pinky swear

   Vi tummade på det

   We shook on it

4. to slightly compromise on, to skimp on (something)

   De tummade på säkerheten

   They compromised / skimped on security

5. (chiefly historical) to measure (lumber) in inches (tum)

Usage notes

Close to synonymous with göra avkall på in (sense 3). Often of being willing to compromise on or play a bit fast and loose with something considered important, in a critical sense.

Conjugation

Conjugation of tumma (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	tumma		tummas
Supine	tummat		tummats
Imperative	tumma		—
Imper. plural1	tummen		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	tummar	tummade	tummas	tummades
Ind. plural1	tumma	tummade	tummas	tummades
Subjunctive2	tumme	tummade	tummes	tummades
	Participles
Present participle	tummande
Past participle	tummad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

• tumma in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• tumma in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• tumma in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)