Rom

See also: Appendix:Variations of "rom"

English

A Rom (Romani) musician in the Czech Republic.

Etymology 1

From Romani rrom (“Romani man”), probably ultimately from Sanskrit डोम (ḍoma, “member of a low caste of travelling musicians and dancers”). See some more information at Roma. Doublet of Dom.

The other major categories of words for the Roma are cognates of Gypsy (words related to Egypt) and cognates of tzigane (words derived from Greek); see those entries for more information.

Not related to Romanian or Roman.

Pronunciation

• (UK) enPR: rōm, IPA^(key): /ɹəʊm/
• (US) enPR: rōm, IPA^(key): /ɹoʊm/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊm
• Homophones: roam, Rome

Proper noun

Rom

1. The ethnic designation used by the Romani people from Eastern Europe.
2. (rare) The Romani language.

Translations

language — see Romani

Noun

Rom (plural Roms or Roma)

1. A member of the Romani people.
2. (in particular) A male member of the Romani people who is married and considered respectable amongst the family.

Synonyms

(member):

• (self-designations) Romani, Roma
• (sometimes offensive) Gypsy, gypsy; tzigane

Hyponyms

(member): Sinto, Romanichal

Translations

a member of the Romani people

• Albanian: cigan (sq) m, evgjit (sq) m, arixhi (sq) m
• Arabic: رُومَانِيّ m (rūmāniyy); غَجَرِيّ m (ḡajariyy), غَجَر (ar) (ḡajar)

  Egyptian Arabic: غجرى m (ḡagarī), نورى m (nūrī)

• Armenian: գնչու (hy) (gnčʻu), գնչուհի (hy) (gnčʻuhi)
• Azerbaijani: qaraçı
• Basque: ijito
• Belarusian: ром m (rom); цыга́н m (cyhán), цыга́нка f (cyhánka)
• Caló: calorró m, calorrí f, zincaló m, zincallí f
• Catalan: gitano (ca) m, bomià m (obsolete), zíngar (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 羅姆人 / 罗姆人 (zh) (Luómǔrén); 吉普賽人 / 吉普赛人 (zh) (Jípǔsài-rén)

• Czech: Rom (cs) m; Cikán m, Cikánka f
• Danish: roma c, romani c; sigøjner
• Dutch: zigeuner (nl) m, zigeunerin (nl) f
• Esperanto: cigano, roŭmo, romao
• Estonian: mustlane
• Faroese: romi m; sigoyni m
• Finnish: mustalainen (fi), romani (fi)
• French: Rom (fr) m, Rrom (fr) m; bohémien (fr) m, gitan (fr) m, tsigane (fr) m or f
• Georgian: ბოშა (boša)
• German: Zigeuner (de) m, Zigeunerin (de) f (female); Rom (de) m, Roma m pl (in plural), Romni (de) f (female); Sinti und Roma pl (in plural), Roma und Sinti pl (in plural)
• Greek: Ρομ (el) m (Rom)
• Hebrew: צועני m (tzo'ani)
• Hindi: रोमा (romā); जिप्सी (hi) (jipsī)
• Hungarian: roma (hu); cigány (hu)
• Icelandic: Rómafólk pl, Rómanir pl; Sígauni m
• Italian: zingaro (it) m, zingara (it) f
• Japanese: ロム (Romu), ロマ (Roma); ジプシー (ja) (Jipushī)
• Kazakh: сыған (syğan)
• Korean: 롬 (Rom); 집시 (Jipsi)
• Latin: cingarus
• Latvian: čigāns m
• Lithuanian: čigonas (lt) m, čigonė m
• Macedonian: Ром m (Rom); Циган m (Cigan)
• Maltese: żingari m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: sigøyner m, sigøynerske f

  Nynorsk: sigøynar m, sigøynerske f

• Pannonian Rusyn: Ром m (Rom), Ромкиня f (Romkinja)
• Persian: کولی (fa) (kowli)
• Plautdietsch: Ziejoon m
• Polish: Cygan (pl) m, Cyganka (pl) f, Rom (pl) m, Romka (pl) f
• Portuguese: români (pt) m or f, romani (pt) m or f; cigano (pt) m, cigana f
• Romani: rrom m, rromni f
• Romanian: rom (ro) m; țigan (ro) m
• Russian: ро́ма (ru) m or f (róma), рома́л m (romál), рома́лка f (romálka); ром (ru) m (rom) (uncommon); цыга́н (ru) m (cygán), цыга́нка (ru) f (cygánka)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Ром m, Ромкиња f; Циган m, Циганка f

  Latin: Rom m, Romkinja f; Cigan m, Ciganka (sh) f

• Sicilian: Gitani
• Slovak: Róm m, Rómka f; Cigán m, Cigánka f
• Slovene: Rom m; cigan m, ciganka f
• Spanish: gitano (es) m, gitana (es) f
• Swedish: rom (sv); zigenare (sv), zigenerska (sv)
• Turkish: Roman (tr); Çingene (tr)
• Ukrainian: ром m (rom); цига́н m (cyhán), цига́нка f (cyhánka)
• Vietnamese: người Di-gan, người Xư-gan, người Bô-hê-miên
• Volapük: (♂♀) zigan (vo), (♂) hizigan, (♀) jizigan, (older term) cipsan
• Walloon: djupsyin (wa) m, djupsyinne (wa) f, bowemyin (wa) m, bowemyinne (wa) f
• Yiddish: ראָמ m (rom), ראָמני f (romni)

a male member of the Romani people

• Polish: Cygan (pl) m, Rom (pl) m

Adjective

Rom (not comparable)

1. (rare) Romani: of or pertaining to the Roma people.

Translations

Romani — see Romani

Etymology 2

Back-formation from Romford.

Pronunciation

• enPR: rom, IPA^(key): /ɹɒm/
• Rhymes: -ɒm

Proper noun

Rom

1. A short river in Greater London which flows into the River Thames.

See also

• Catmull-Rom spline
• ROM

Anagrams

• MOR, MRO, Mor, Mor., O/RM, OMR, ORM, RMO

Cebuano

Proper noun

Rom

1. a surname

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrom]

Noun

Rom m anim (female equivalent Romka)

1. a Roma

   Synonym: Cikán

Usage notes

• The term Cikán is often intentionally derogatory and is therefore considered racist by many. Consequently, careful speakers use this term instead. Cikán is still the prevailing term in informal Czech and in historical usage, however.

Declension

Declension of Rom (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	Rom	Romové
genitive	Roma	Romů
dative	Romovi, Romu	Romům
accusative	Roma	Romy
vocative	Rome	Romové
locative	Romovi, Romu	Romech
instrumental	Romem	Romy

Derived terms

• romský
• romština

Danish

Proper noun

Rom

1. Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)
2. Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)
3. (historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

Rom m (plural Roms or Roma, no diminutive)

1. (often in the plural) Rom (member of the Roma people), Romani

   Synonym: (sometimes offensive) zigeuner

French

Etymology

From Romani rrom (“people, person”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁɔm/
• Homophones: rom, Rome, Roms

Noun

Rom m or f (plural Roms or Rom)

1. (usually in the plural, sometimes uncountable) Roma; Romani (people)

   Synonyms: Bohémien, Gitan, Manouche, Tsigane

Usage notes

• Some sources such as the Dictionnaire Larousse and the Universalis encyclopedia treat this as uncountable.
• Some official institutions, such as the Council of Europe, recommend this must agree in number but not in gender, which is its most common usage.

German

Etymology 1

From Middle High German Rōme, from Old High German Rōma, a relatinisation of Rūma, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁoːm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oːm

Proper noun

Rom n (proper noun, genitive Roms or (optionally with an article) Rom, plural (rare) Rom or Roms)

1. Rome:
   1. Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)
   2. Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)
   3. (historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)
   4. Rome (a former province of Italy)
   5. The Italian government
   6. The Holy See, Vatican
   7. (historical, usually specified as Ostrom etc.) Constantinople, Byzantium

Derived terms

• Römer
• römisch
• Römling
• Ostrom
• Westrom

Etymology 2

From Romani rrom (“Romani man”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁɔm/, /ʁoːm/

Noun

Rom m (strong, genitive Roms, plural Roma, feminine Romni)

1. (often in the plural) Rom (member of the Roma people), Romani

   Synonym: (sometimes offensive) Zigeuner

   Hyponym: Sinto

Declension

Declension of Rom [masculine, strong]

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	der	Rom	die	Roma
genitive	eines	des	Roms	der	Roma
dative	einem	dem	Rom	den	Roma
accusative	einen	den	Rom	die	Roma

Further reading

• “Rom (Stadt)” in Duden online
• “Rom (Volksgruppe)” in Duden online

Norwegian Bokmål

Proper noun

Rom

1. alternative form of Roma:
   1. Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)
   2. Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)
   3. (historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)

Derived terms

• Rom ble ikke bygget på en dag

Old English

Alternative forms

• Rūm

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roːm/

Proper noun

Rōm f

1. Rome (a major city in Italy)
2. (historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)
   • late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans

     Æfter þǣm þe Rōmeburg ġetimbred wæs IIII hunde wintra ⁊ II, þætte Cartaina þǣre burge ǣrendracan cōmon tō Rōme ⁊ him ġebudon þæt hīe frið him betwēonum hæfden...

     Four hundred and two years after the city of Rome was built, ambassadors [from] the city of Carthage came to Rome and proposed that there be peace between them...

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	Rōm	—
accusative	Rōme	—
genitive	Rōme	—
dative	Rōme	—

Derived terms

• Rēmisċ
• Rōmāna rīċe
• Rōmāne
• Rōmānisċ
• Rōme burg
• Rōmfeoh
• Rōmġesċot
• Rōmpenning
• Rōmwaran
• Rōmwealh

Descendants

• Middle English: Rome
  • English: Rome
  • Scots: Roum, Rome

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Romani rrom, probably ultimately from Sanskrit डोम (ḍoma, “member of a low caste of travelling musicians and dancers”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔm
• Syllabification: Rom

Noun

Rom m pers (female equivalent Romka)

1. Romani

   Synonym: Cygan

Declension

Declension of Rom

	singular	plural
nominative	Rom	Romowie
genitive	Roma	Romów
dative	Romowi	Romom
accusative	Roma	Romów
instrumental	Romem	Romami
locative	Romie	Romach
vocative	Romie	Romowie

Derived terms

adjective

• romski

Further reading

• Rom in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• Rom in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Saterland Frisian

n Rom.

Etymology

From Old Frisian *ram, from Proto-Germanic *rammaz. Cognates include West Frisian raam and German Ramme.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔm/
• Hyphenation: Rom

Noun

Rom m

1. ram (male sheep)

Hypernyms

• Skäip (“sheep”); Buk (“buck”)

Coordinate terms

• Oue

References

• Marron C. Fort (2015), “Rom”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rôːm/

Noun

Rȏm m anim (Cyrillic spelling Ро̑м, female equivalent Rȍmkinja)

1. Rom (male Romani person)

Declension

Declension of Rom

	singular	plural
nominative	Rom	Romi
genitive	Roma	Roma
dative	Romu	Romima
accusative	Roma	Rome
vocative	Rome	Romi
locative	Romu	Romima
instrumental	Romom	Romima

Swedish

Proper noun

Rom n (genitive Roms)

1. Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)
2. Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)
3. (historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)
5. abbreviation of Romarbrevet: Rom., Romans

Related terms

• romansk
• romare
• romersk
• romerska

See also

• Romarriket
• romanskt språk

References

• Rom in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• Svensk MeSH

Anagrams

• mor, orm

Volapük

Proper noun

Rom

1. Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)
2. Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)
3. (historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)