Rum

See also: rum, rúm, rùm, Rùm, rüm, and rum.

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English and Old English, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō under influence from Late Latin Rōma (“Rome; Constantinople; Roman Empire”), from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

Proper noun

Rum

1. (obsolete or archaic) Alternative form of Rome: Rome (a major city in Italy)

Etymology 2

From Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Roma and Rome.

Proper noun

Rum

1. (historical) An eyalet in the Ottoman Empire.
2. (historical) A former polity in Anatolia, a Seljuk sultanate.
3. (archaic) Synonym of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire in historical Turkish contexts.

Alternative forms

• Rûm

Synonyms

• (Ottoman eyalet): Sivas

Etymology 3

Proper noun

Rum

1. Alternative form of Rùm, an island of the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Anagrams

• MRU, Mru, RMU, URM

German

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English rum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rʊm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: rum

Noun

Rum m (strong, genitive Rums, no plural)

1. rum

Declension

Declension of Rum [sg-only, masculine, strong]

	singular
	indef.	def.	noun
nominative	ein	der	Rum
genitive	eines	des	Rums
dative	einem	dem	Rum
accusative	einen	den	Rum

Descendants

• → Czech: rum
• → Hungarian: rum
• → Romanian: rom

Etymology 2

Proper noun

Rum n (proper noun, genitive Rums or (optionally with an article) Rum)

1. a market town in Tyrol, Austria
2. a village in Vas County, Hungary

Etymology 3

From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum), q.v.

Alternative forms

• Rūm, Rûm

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ruːm/
• Homophone: Ruhm

Proper noun

Rum n (proper noun, strong, genitive Rums)

1. (historical) Synonym of Anatolien, a region of southwestern Asia, in historical Turkish contexts.
2. (historical) Synonym of Byzanz, a former polity in Europe and Asia, in historical Turkish contexts.

Declension

Declension of Rum [sg-only, neuter, strong]

	singular
	indef.	def.	noun
nominative	ein	das	Rum
genitive	eines	des	Rums
dative	einem	dem	Rum
accusative	ein	das	Rum

Derived terms

• Rumtürkisch
• Sultanat Rum

Further reading

• “Rum” in Duden online
• “Rum” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Malay

Etymology

Borrowing from Persian روم or Arabic روم (Rūm), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), from Latin Roma (“Rome”).

Proper noun

Rum (Jawi spelling روم)

1. Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)
2. Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)
3. (historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)

Derived terms

• Rumi
• Rumawi
• Laut Rum

References

• Crawford, John (1852) A Grammar and Dictionary of the Malay Language, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., page 153
• Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “روم roem”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 12
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “روم rum”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 350
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “Rum”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 353

Rohingya

Proper noun

Rum

1. Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)
2. Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)
3. (historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)

Swahili

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”).

Proper noun

Rum

1. (archaic) Synonym of Uturuki: Turkey (a country in Europe and Asia)
2. (archaic, historical) Ottoman Empire (a former polity in Europe, Asia and Africa)

Derived terms

• Bahari ya Rum
• sultani Rum

Related terms

• rumi

References

• Rechenbach, Charles W. (1967) Swahili-English Dictionary, Washington, D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press, page 459

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish روم (Rum, “Rome; Byzantine Empire; central Anatolia”), from Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish and Arabic رُوم (Rūm, “Rome; Byzantine Empire”), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrom), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. Doublet of Roma.

Proper noun

Rum (definite accusative Rum'u, plural Rumlar)

1. a Greek person living in Muslim countries, especially in Turkey (now chiefly in Istanbul, Izmir, Thrace and Pontus) and Cyprus
2. (dated) any Greek person
3. (historical) Byzantine, a native of Byzantine Empire

Proper noun

Rum

1. (archaic, historical) the former lands of the Byzantine Empire, particularly central Anatolia

Declension

Declension of Rum

	singular	plural
nominative	Rum	Rumlar / Rum'lar
accusative	Rum'u	Rumları / Rum'ları
dative	Rum'a	Rumlara / Rum'lara
locative	Rum'da	Rumlarda / Rum'larda
ablative	Rum'dan	Rumlardan / Rum'lardan
genitive	Rum'un	Rumların / Rum'ların

Possessive forms of Rum

	singular	plural
benim (my)	Rum'um	Rumlarım Rum'larım
senin (your)	Rum'un	Rumların Rum'ların
onun (his/her/its)	Rum'u	Rumları Rum'ları
bizim (our)	Rum'umuz	Rumlarımız Rum'larımız
sizin (your)	Rum'unuz	Rumlarınız Rum'larınız
onların (their)	Rum'u Rumları Rum'ları	Rumları Rum'ları

Adjective

Rum (uncomparable)

1. Turco-Greek, of or related to the Rumlar, ethnic Greeks living in Turkey and Cyprus

   eski Rum evleri

   the old Greek houses

Related terms

• palikarya
• Rumca
• Yunan
• Yunanca
• Yunanistan
• Yunanistanlı
• Yunanlı

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “Rum”, in Nişanyan Sözlük