Rome

See also: rome

English

Alternative forms

• Rom, Roome, Room, Rhoome, Romme, Rowme, Roym, Rum (archaic)
• Roma (uncommon)

Etymology

From Middle English Rome, from Old English Rōm, Rūm, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō and influenced by Late Latin Rōma (“Rome, Constantinople”), from Classical Latin Rōma (“Rome”). In Roman mythology, the name was said to derive from Romulus, one of the founders of the city and its first king.

The name appears in a wide range of forms in Middle English, including Rom, Room, Roome, and Rombe as well as Rome; by early modern English, it appeared as Rome, Room, and Roome, with the spelling Rome occurring in Shakespeare and common from the early 18th century on. The final spelling was influenced by Norman, Middle French, Anglo-Norman, and Old French Rome.

Pronunciation

• (UK), enPR: rōm, IPA^(key): /ɹəʊm/, (archaic, dialectal) IPA^(key): /ɹum/

  • Audio (UK)

    (file)

• (US), enPR: rōm, IPA^(key): /ɹoʊm/
• Rhymes: -əʊm
• Homophones: roam, Rom

Proper noun

Rome

1. A city on the Tiber River on the Italian peninsula; ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of Italy; capital city of the region of Lazio.
   • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii], line 157:

     When could they say (till now) that talk'd of Rome,
     That her wide Walles incompast but one man?
     Now is it Rome indeed, and Roome enough
     When there is in it but one onely man.

   • 1866 December 8, 'Filius Ecclesiæ', Notes & Queries, "Rome:Room", 456 1:

     Within the last thirty weeks I have heard the word Rome pronounced Room by several old-fashioned people in the north of Ireland, some of my own relations among the number. On remonstrating with one of these, she said, "It was always Room when I was at school (say about 1830), and I am too old to change it now."

2. (metonymically) The Italian government.
   • 2016, Tiedtke, Per, chapter 2, in Germany, Italy and the International Economy 1929–1936: Co-operation or Rivalries at Times of Crisis?‎^[1], Europe: Tectum Verlag, →ISBN, page 99:

     At first, Berlin tried to amend the agreement to restore a German trade surplus, but Rome refused.

3. Ancient Rome; the former Roman Empire; Roman civilization.
   • c. 1588–1593, William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i], line 82:

     These that suruiue, let Rome reward with loue.

   • 1709, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W. Lewis […], published 1711, OCLC 15810849, page 39:

     Learning and Rome alike in Empire grew,
     And Arts still follow'd where her Eagles flew;
     From the same Foes [viz., Tyranny and Superstition], at last, both felt their Doom,
     And the same Age saw Learning fall, and Rome.

   • 1821, Lord Byron, Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice. An Historical Tragedy, in Five Acts. […], London: John Murray, […], OCLC 1179651578, Act V, scene i, page 149:

     A wife's dishonour unking'd Rome for ever.

4. The Holy See, the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly prior to the establishment of the Vatican City in the 19th century.
   • 1537 January 26, T. Starkey, letter:

     The wych you perauenture wyl impute to thys defectyon from Rome.

   • 1591, William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Winch. Rome shall remedie this
     Warw. Roame thither then.

5. The Church of Rome, the Roman Catholic Church generally.
   • c. 1596, William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene ii], line 7:

     King Iohn hath reconcil'd Himselfe to Rome.

6. A metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy.
7. A number of places in the United States:
   1. An unincorporated community in Covington County, Alabama.
   2. A city, the county seat of Floyd County, Georgia.
   3. A census-designated place in Peoria County, Illinois.
   4. An unincorporated community in Perry County, Indiana.
   5. A village in Henry County, Iowa.
   6. A ghost town in Ellis County, Kansas.
   7. An unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas.
   8. An unincorporated community in Daviess County, Kentucky.
   9. A town in Kennebec County, Maine.
   10. An unincorporated community in Sunflower County, Mississippi.
   11. An unincorporated community in Douglas County, Missouri.
   12. A city in Oneida County, New York.
   13. A village in Adams County, Ohio.
   14. An unincorporated community in Delaware County, Ohio.
   15. A ghost town in Morrow County, Ohio.
   16. An unincorporated community in Richland County, Ohio.
   17. An unincorporated community in Malheur County, Oregon.
   18. A borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania.
   19. An unincorporated community in Smith County, Tennessee.
   20. A town and unincorporated community in Adams County, Wisconsin.
   21. A census-designated place in Jefferson County, Wisconsin.
8. A surname.

Synonyms

• (archaic) Romeburg, Romeburgh, Romeland, Romelede, Romethede, Rome town
• (dated) Rome city
• Istanbul, Constantinople (new Rome)
• Moscow (third Rome, new Rome)

Derived terms

• Romes
• Roman
• Rome rule, Rome Rule
• when in Rome, do as the Romans do
• Rome was not built in a day
• do not sit in Rome and strive with the Pope
• all roads lead to Rome
• go to Rome with a mortar on one's head
• (dated) Romish

Descendants

• → Georgian: რომი (romi)
• → Hindi: रोम (rom)
• → Thai: โรม (room)

Translations

city

• Afrikaans: Rome (af)
• Aghwan: 𐕆𐕙𐕒𐕌 (hrom)
• Albanian: Romë
• Amharic: ሮማ (roma)
• Arabic: رُومَا‎ (ar) f (rūmā), الرُّوم‎ (ar) f (ar-rūm)

  Egyptian Arabic: روما‎ f (ruma)

  Hijazi Arabic: روما‎ f (rōma)

• Armenian: Հռոմ (hy) (Hṙom)
• Asturian: Roma f
• Azerbaijani: Roma (az)
• Bashkir: Рим (Rim)
• Basque: Erroma (eu)
• Belarusian: Рым m (Rym)
• Bengali: রোম (rom)
• Breton: Roma (br)
• Bulgarian: Рим m (Rim)
• Burmese: ရောမ (my) (rau:ma.)
• Catalan: Roma (ca) f
• Chechen: Рим (Rim)
• Cherokee: ᎶᎻ (lomi), ᎶᎹ (loma)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 羅馬, 罗马 (lo⁴ maa⁵)

  Hakka: 羅馬, 罗马 (Lò-mâ)

  Mandarin: 羅馬 (zh), 罗马 (zh) (Luómǎ)

  Min Dong: 羅馬, 罗马 (Lò̤-mā)

  Min Nan: 羅馬, 罗马 (Lô-má)

  Wu: 羅馬, 罗马 (lu ma)

• Coptic:

  Bohairic: ⲣⲱⲙⲏ (rōmē)

  Sahidic: ϩⲣⲱⲙⲏ (hrōmē)

• Czech: Řím (cs) m
• Danish: Rom (da)
• Dutch: Rome (nl) n
• Egyptian: (hrm m)
• Esperanto: Romo (eo)
• Estonian: Rooma (et)
• Farefare: Dooma, Doom
• Faroese: Róm (fo) f, Rómaborg f
• Finnish: Rooma (fi)
• French: Rome (fr) f
• Friulian: Rome
• Galician: Roma (gl) f
• Georgian: რომი (romi)
• German: Rom (de) n
• Greek: Ρώμη (el) f (Rómi)

  Ancient: Ῥώμη f (Rhṓmē)

• Gujarati: રોમ (rom)
• Hawaiian: Loma
• Hebrew: רוֹמָא‎ (he) f (róma)
• Hindi: रोम (hi) (rom), रोमक (hi) m (romak)
• Hungarian: Róma (hu)
• Icelandic: Róm f, Rómaborg f
• Ido: Roma (io)
• Indonesian: Roma
• Irish: an Róimh f
• Italian: Roma (it) f
• Japanese: ローマ (ja) (Rōma), 羅馬 (ja) (Rōma) (dated)
• Kalmyk: Рим (Rim)
• Kannada: ರೋಮ್ (rōm)
• Kazakh: Рим (Rim)
• Khmer: រ៉ូម (km) (roum)
• Korean: 로마 (ko) (Roma), 나마(羅馬) (ko) (Nama) (dated), 라마(羅馬) (ko) (Rama) (dated, North Korea)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: Roma (ku)

• Kyrgyz: Рим (Rim)
• Lao: ໂລມ (lōm), ໂຣມ (rōm)
• Latin: Rōma (la) f
• Latvian: Roma (lv) f
• Lithuanian: Roma (lt) f
• Macedonian: Рим m (Rim)
• Malay: Rom

• Malayalam: റോം (ṟōṃ)
• Maltese: Ruma
• Manx: Yn Raue f
• Maori: Rōma (mi)
• Maranao: Roma
• Marathi: रोम n (rom)
• Middle English: Rome, Roome
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: Ром (Rom)

• Nepali: रोम (rom)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: Roma (no), Rom (no)

  Nynorsk: Roma

• Occitan: Roma (oc)
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: Римъ (Rimŭ)

  Glagolitic: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ m (Rimŭ)

• Old East Slavic: Римъ m (Rimŭ)
• Old English: Rōm f, Rōmeburh f
• Old Norse: Róm n, Róma f, Rómaborg f
• Old Occitan: Roma
• Old Portuguese: Roma
• Oriya: ରୋମ (or) (romô)
• Ossetian: Ром (Rom)
• Ottoman Turkish: قزل المه‎ (Qızıl Elma)
• Pashto: روم‎ (ps) m (rom), روما‎ f (romã)
• Persian: رم‎ (fa) (rom)

  Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬‎ (ḥlʿm /hrōm/)

• Polish: Rzym (pl) m
• Portuguese: Roma (pt) f
• Punjabi: ਰੋਮ (rom)
• Romanian: Roma (ro) f
• Russian: Рим (ru) m (Rim)
• Rusyn: Рим m (Rym)
• Sanskrit: रोम (sa) (roma), रोमक (sa) m (romaka), रोमकः (sa) m (romakaḥ), रोमकपुर (sa) n (romakapura), रोमकपत्तन (sa) n (romakapattana)
• Saterland Frisian: Room
• Scots: Roum
• Scottish Gaelic: an Ròimh f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Ри̑м m

  Roman: Rȋm (sh) m

• Silesian: Rzim m
• Sinhalese: රෝමය (rōmaya)
• Slovak: Rím (sk) m
• Slovene: Rím (sl) m
• Somali: Roma
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: Rom m

  Upper Sorbian: Rom m

• Spanish: Roma (es) f
• Swahili: Roma
• Swedish: Rom (sv)
• Tagalog: Roma
• Tajik: Рим (Rim), Рум (Rum)
• Tamil: உரோம் (urōm)
• Tatar: Рим (Rim)
• Telugu: రోమ్ (rōm)
• Thai: โรม (th) (room)
• Tibetan: རོ་མ (ro ma)
• Turkish: Roma (tr)
• Turkmen: Rim
• Ukrainian: Рим m (Rym)
• Urdu: روم‎ (ur) (rom)
• Uyghur: رىم‎ (rim)
• Uzbek: Rim
• Vietnamese: Rôma (vi), La Mã (vi) (dated)
• Volapük: Roma, (seven hills) Vellubelazif
• Welsh: Rhufain
• West Frisian: Rome
• Yiddish: רוים‎ n (roym)
• Zhuang: Lozmaj

empire

• Aghwan: 𐕆𐕙𐕒𐕌 (hrom)
• Arabic: رُومَا‎ (ar) f (rūmā), الرُّوم‎ (ar) f (ar-rūm)
• Armenian: Հռոմ (hy) (Hṙom)

  Old Armenian: please add this translation if you can

• Catalan: Roma (ca) f
• Czech: Řím (cs) m
• Danish: Romerriget, Det Romerske Kejserrige
• Esperanto: Romio
• Greek: ρωμαϊκή αυτοκρατορία f (romaïkí aftokratoría)
• Hebrew: רוֹמִי‎ (he) f (rómi)
• Hindi: रोम (hi) m (rom), रोमक (hi) m (romak)
• Italian: impero romano m, Roma (it) f

• Japanese: ローマ帝国 (Rōma teikoku)
• Khmer: រ៉ូម (km) (room)
• Macedonian: Рим m (Rim)
• Maltese: Ruman
• Marathi: रोम n (rom)
• Persian: روم‎ (fa) (rum)

  Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬‎ (ḥlʿm /hrōm/)

• Portuguese: Roma (pt) f
• Russian: Рим (ru) m (Rim)
• Vietnamese: La Mã (vi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Slovak: ^{(please verify)} Lácium n (3), ^{(please verify)} Rím (sk) m (1)

See also

• Roma
• Romania
• romance, romantic
• Romulan

Anagrams

• -more, Mero, More, Omer, Orem, Orme, erom, mero, mero-, moer, more, omer

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Dutch

Etymology

• (capital of Italy) From Middle Dutch rome.
• (Maasdriel) First attested as Rome in 1830-1855. Named after the Italian city, allegedly because many Roman artefacts were found there.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroː.mə/

• Audio

  (file)

Proper noun

Rome n

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)
2. Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)
3. A hamlet in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands.

Descendants

• Afrikaans: Rome

Anagrams

• moer, more, roem

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French

Etymology

From Old French Rome, from Latin Rōma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁɔm/

• Audio

  (file)

• Homophones: rhum, ROM

Proper noun

Rome f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)
2. Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)

Derived terms

• à Rome, fais comme les Romains
• Nouvelle Rome
• Rome antique
• Rome ne s'est pas faite en un jour
• tous les chemins mènent à Rome

Descendants

• Guianese Creole: Ròm
• Haitian Creole: Wòm
• Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)

Anagrams

• more, More, orme

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Friulian

Proper noun

Rome f

1. Rome

Related terms

• roman
• romanesc

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Italian

Proper noun

Rome f

1. plural of Roma

   le due Rome, the two Romes

Anagrams

• -mero, Remo, ermo, mero, more, orme, remo, remò

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Middle English

Alternative forms

• Roome, Rombe, Rume, Room, Rom

Etymology

From Old English Rōm, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō, from Latin Rōma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroːm(ə)/, /ˈrɔːm(ə)/
• Rhymes: -oːm(ə), -ɔːm(ə)

Proper noun

Rome

1. Rome (a city, the capital of the Papacy; ancient capital of the Roman Empire)
   • p. 1154, “AD 1129”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 87, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 8 February 2018:

     ſe an ƿæſ ᵹehaten petruſ · he ƿæſ munec of clunni ·⁊ ƿeaſ boren of þa ricceſte men of rome · mid him helden ða of rome ·⁊ ſe duc of ſicilie ·

     One was called Peter; he was a monk from Cluny who was descended from Rome's most powerful men. The people of Rome and the duke of Sicily sided with him.

   • c. 1382 (date written)​, Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “Boetius de consolatione Philosophie. The Fyrst Boke.”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, OCLC 932884868, folio ccxxxv, recto, column 1:

     But now I am removed from the cyte of Rome almoſt .V.C.M. paas, I am wythoute defence dampned to pꝛoscrepcion and to deathe […]

     But now I've been sent almost 500,000 paces from the city of Rome; I am without defence, sentenced to exile and death.

   • c. 1386–1388 (date written)​, Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The Legende of Good Women: The Legende of Lucresse of Rome”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, OCLC 932884868, folio ccxxv, verso, column 2:

     Ne never was ther king in Rome towne / Syns thilke day, ⁊ ſhe was holden there […]

     There was never a king in Rome after that day, and she was seen there […]

2. The Roman Empire.

Descendants

• English: Rome
• Scots: Roum, Rome

References

• “Rọ̄me, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-01.

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Old French

Alternative forms

• Rume, Rumme (Anglo-Norman)

Etymology

From Latin Rōma.

Proper noun

Rome

1. Rome (a city, the capital of the Papacy; ancient capital of the Roman Empire)

Descendants

• French: Rome
  • Guianese Creole: Ròm
  • Haitian Creole: Wòm
  • Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)
• Norman: Rome
• Picard: Rome
• Walloon: Rome

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Walloon

Proper noun

Rome

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)