roman

See also: Roman, román, Román, român, róman, and Rómán

English

Alternative forms

• Roman

Etymology

From Roman.

Pronunciation

• enPR: rōmən, IPA^(key): /ˈɹəʊmən/
• Rhymes: -əʊmən
• Homophones: roamin' (some accents), Roman
• Hyphenation: ro‧man

Adjective

roman (not comparable)

1. (of type, typography) Upright, as opposed to italic.

   Antonyms: italic, italicised, italicized, oblique, slanted, sloped

   • 2021, Claire Cock-Starkey, Hyphens & Hashtags, Bodleian Library, page 48:

     In some early printed Bibles quoted text is indicated by changing the font from roman to italic.

2. (of text, typography, computing) Of or related to the Latin alphabet or roman numerals.

   Coordinate terms: Arabic, arabic

Derived terms

• roman font

Noun

roman (uncountable)

1. (typography) One of the main three types used for the Latin alphabet (the others being italics and blackletter), in which the ascenders are mostly straight.
2. (dated, uncommon, chiefly American typesetting) Ellipsis of roman numeral.

   Coordinate term: arabic

3. (archaic) A novel.
   • 1986 December 21, Michael Bronski, “Buddy Stories Your Brother Never Told You”, in Gay Community News, volume 14, number 23, page 7:

     What raises One Last Waltz far above the usual family roman is not just the gimmick of the ancient fable in modern clothes […] but Mordden's language and his sheer joy at telling a story.

   • 2014, "Novel and Romance: Etymologies". Heyworth, Gregory; Logan, Peter Melville (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Novel, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 942. →ISBN

     Samuel Johnson, writing in his Dictionary of the English Language (1755), [defined] "novel [as] a small tale, generally of love." To modern sensibilities, Johnson's novel resembles more closely the novella in dimension and the romance in substance. [...] [T]he term romance, or roman, once interchangeable with novel in English, retains the meaning of novel in Germany, France, Russia, and most of Europe, while in the anglophone world it has been demoted to frivolity.

Derived terms

• Times New Roman (proprietary)

Translations

upright letter type

• Dutch: romein (nl)
• Finnish: antiikva (fi)
• Hungarian: álló (hu), antikva (hu)

See also

Roman type on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• roman à tiroirs

Anagrams

• Armon, Manor, Maron, Moran, Narom, Nor Am, Nor-Am, NorAm, Norma, manor, moran, morna, norma

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian рома́н (román), ultimately from French roman.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

roman (definite accusative romanı, plural romanlar)

1. A novel.

Declension

Declension of roman
	singular	plural
nominative	roman	romanlar
definite accusative	romanı	romanları
dative	romana	romanlara
locative	romanda	romanlarda
ablative	romandan	romanlardan
definite genitive	romanın	romanların

Possessive forms of roman
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	romanım	romanlarım
sənin (“your”)	romanın	romanların
onun (“his/her/its”)	romanı	romanları
bizim (“our”)	romanımız	romanlarımız
sizin (“your”)	romanınız	romanlarınız
onların (“their”)	romanı or romanları	romanları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	romanımı	romanlarımı
sənin (“your”)	romanını	romanlarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	romanını	romanlarını
bizim (“our”)	romanımızı	romanlarımızı
sizin (“your”)	romanınızı	romanlarınızı
onların (“their”)	romanını or romanlarını	romanlarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	romanıma	romanlarıma
sənin (“your”)	romanına	romanlarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	romanına	romanlarına
bizim (“our”)	romanımıza	romanlarımıza
sizin (“your”)	romanınıza	romanlarınıza
onların (“their”)	romanına or romanlarına	romanlarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	romanımda	romanlarımda
sənin (“your”)	romanında	romanlarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	romanında	romanlarında
bizim (“our”)	romanımızda	romanlarımızda
sizin (“your”)	romanınızda	romanlarınızda
onların (“their”)	romanında or romanlarında	romanlarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	romanımdan	romanlarımdan
sənin (“your”)	romanından	romanlarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	romanından	romanlarından
bizim (“our”)	romanımızdan	romanlarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	romanınızdan	romanlarınızdan
onların (“their”)	romanından or romanlarından	romanlarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	romanımın	romanlarımın
sənin (“your”)	romanının	romanlarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	romanının	romanlarının
bizim (“our”)	romanımızın	romanlarımızın
sizin (“your”)	romanınızın	romanlarınızın
onların (“their”)	romanının or romanlarının	romanlarının

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ruˈman]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [roˈman]

Verb

roman

1. inflection of romandre:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Crimean Tatar

Noun

roman (accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

1. A novel, epic
2. The Romanian language.

   Synonyms: rоmen, rumın

Declension

Declension of roman

nominative	roman
genitive	romannıñ
dative	romanğa
accusative	romannı
locative	romanda
ablative	romandan

Danish

Noun

roman c (singular definite romanen, plural indefinite romaner)

1. A novel (work of fiction).

Declension

Declension of roman

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	roman	romanen	romaner	romanerne
genitive	romans	romanens	romaners	romanernes

References

• “roman” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French roman.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roːˈmɑn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ro‧man

Noun

roman m (plural romans, diminutive romannetje n)

1. a novel (work of fiction)

Derived terms

• antiroman
• Arthurroman
• bildungsroman
• briefroman
• detectiveroman
• doktersroman
• flutroman
• graalroman
• griezelroman
• ik-roman
• Karelroman
• kasteelroman
• leugenroman
• misdaadroman
• ridderroman
• romancier
• romanschrijver
• schelmenroman
• sleutelroman
• stationsroman
• streekroman
• stuiversroman
• vormingsroman

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: roman
• → Malay: roman
  • Indonesian: roman

Further reading

• “roman” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁɔ.mɑ̃/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: romans

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin romanusor derived from the French noun below, itself from Old French romanz (“common language”).

Adjective

roman (feminine romane, masculine plural romans, feminine plural romanes)

1. (linguistics) Romance
2. (art) romanesque

Derived terms

• langue romane

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old French romanz (“common language (as opposed to Latin)”), from Vulgar Latin romanicē (“in the way of the Romans (as opposed to the Franks)”), from Latin rōmānicus, from Latin rōmānus. The meaning “common language” changed into “book in common language” and then into “adventure novel”. See also romance, of the same ultimate origin but borrowed through Spanish.

Noun

roman m (plural romans)

1. a novel (work of fiction)
2. (colloquial) a very long text. (see pavé)

   Il nous écrit encore un roman.

   He's writing us a novel again.

Derived terms

• nouveau roman
• roman à clé
• roman à clef
• roman à l’eau de rose
• roman à thèse
• roman noir
• roman policier
• roman-photo
• romanesque

 

Related terms

• romancer
• romancier

 

Descendants

• → Albanian: roman
• → Belarusian: раман (raman)
• → Bulgarian: роман (roman)
• → Czech: román
• → Danish: roman
• → Dutch: roman
  • Afrikaans: roman
  • → Malay: roman
    • Indonesian: roman
• → Estonian: romaan
• → Georgian: რომანი (romani)
• → German: Roman
• → Hebrew: רומן (román)
• → Icelandic: róman
• → Khmer: រ៉ូម៉ង់ (roumɑng)
• → Latvian: romāns
• → Lithuanian: romanas
• → Macedonian: роман (roman)
• → Norwegian: roman
• → Persian: رمان (român)
• → Romanian: roman
• → Russian: рома́н (román) (see there for further descendants)
• → Carpathian Rusyn: роман (roman)
• → Serbo-Croatian: roman / роман
• → Slovak: román
• → Slovene: roman
• → Swedish: roman
• → Tajik: роман (roman)
• → Tatar: роман (roman)
• → Turkish: roman
• → Turkmen: roman
• → Ukrainian: роман (roman)
• → Uyghur: رومان (roman)
• → Uzbek: roman

Further reading

• “roman” in Émile Littré, Dictionnaire de la langue française, 1872–1877.
• “roman”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Friulian

Adjective

roman

1. Roman

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay roman, from Dutch roman, from French roman, from Old French romanz (“common language (as opposed to Latin)”), from Vulgar Latin romanicē (“in the way of the Romans (as opposed to the Franks)”), from Latin rōmānicus < rōmānus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈro.man/
• Rhymes: -man, -an, -n
• Hyphenation: ro‧man

Noun

roman (plural roman-roman, first-person possessive romanku, second-person possessive romanmu, third-person possessive romannya)

1. (literature) novel: a work of prose fiction, longer than a novella.

   Synonym: novel

2. (colloquial) apocopic form of romansa (“love story”)
3. chaff of rice
4. Romance language
5. exeternal appearance

Related terms

• Roma
• romanis
• romanistik
• romansa
• romantik
• romantika
• romantikus
• romantis
• romantisasi
• romantisir
• romantisisme
• Romawi
• romawi
• Rumania

 

Further reading

• “roman” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Japanese

Romanization

roman

1. Rōmaji transcription of ロマン

Malay

Etymology

From Dutch roman, from French roman, from Old French romanz (“common language (as opposed to Latin)”), from Vulgar Latin romanicē (“in the way of the Romans (as opposed to the Franks)”), from Latin rōmānicus < rōmānus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈro.man/
• Hyphenation: ro‧man

Noun

roman (plural roman-roman, informal 1st possessive romanku, 2nd possessive romanmu, 3rd possessive romannya)

1. (obsolete) a novel, story written in long prose

   Synonym: novel

Descendants

• Indonesian: roman

Further reading

• “roman” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From French roman.

Noun

roman m (definite singular romanen, indefinite plural romaner, definite plural romanene)

1. A novel (work of fiction).

Derived terms

• krimroman
• romanforfatter

 

References

• “roman” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From French roman.

Noun

roman m (definite singular romanen, indefinite plural romanar, definite plural romanane)

1. A novel (work of fiction).

Derived terms

• krimroman

References

• “roman” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roˈman/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French roman (“novel, epic”), from Old French romanz.

Noun

roman n (plural romane)

1. novel, epic (work of fiction)

Declension

Declension of roman

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) roman	romanul	(niște) romane	romanele
genitive/dative	(unui) roman	romanului	(unor) romane	romanelor
vocative	romanule		romanelor

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French roman (“a medieval romance”).

Noun

roman n (plural romane)

1. Medieval romance

Declension

Declension of roman

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) roman	romanul	(niște) romane	romanele
genitive/dative	(unui) roman	romanului	(unor) romane	romanelor
vocative	romanule		romanelor

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Latin rōmānus. Doublet of român (“Romanian”) and rumân, which was inherited. By surface analysis, Roma +‎ -an.

Adjective

roman m or n (feminine singular romană, masculine plural romani, feminine and neuter plural romane)

1. Roman

Declension

Declension of roman

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	roman		romană	romani	romane
	definite	romanul		romana	romanii	romanele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	roman		romane	romani	romane
	definite	romanului		romanei	romanelor	romanilor

Noun

roman m (plural romani, feminine equivalent romană)

1. Roman

Declension

Declension of roman

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) roman	romanul	(niște) romani	romanii
genitive/dative	(unui) roman	romanului	(unor) romani	romanilor
vocative	romanule		romanilor

Related terms

• Roma
• român

 

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From French roman.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rǒmaːn/
• Hyphenation: ro‧man

Noun

ròmān m (Cyrillic spelling ро̀ма̄н)

1. A novel (work of fiction).

Declension

Declension of roman

	singular	plural
nominative	ròmān	romani
genitive	romána	romana
dative	romanu	romanima
accusative	roman	romane
vocative	romane	romani
locative	romanu	romanima
instrumental	romanom	romanima

References

• “roman”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɔmáːn/

Noun

romȃn m inan

1. A novel (work of fiction).

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	román
gen. sing.	romána
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	román	romána	románi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	romána	románov	románov
dative (dajȃlnik)	románu	románoma	románom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	román	romána	románe
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	románu	románih	románih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	románom	románoma	románi

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish romaner, from French roman. Related to romans (“romance”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

roman c

1. A novel (longer work of fiction)

Declension

Declension of roman

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	roman	romans
	definite	romanen	romanens
plural	indefinite	romaner	romaners
	definite	romanerna	romanernas

Derived terms

• agentroman
• bekännelseroman
• bildningsroman
• bonderoman
• brevroman
• debutroman
• detektivroman
• dokumentärroman
• dussinroman
• fantasyroman
• generationsroman
• genombrottsroman
• herrgårdsroman
• historieroman
• idéroman
• jagroman
• kollektivroman
• kolportageroman
• kortroman
• kriminalroman
• kärleksroman
• metaroman
• missroman
• mobilroman
• nyckelroman
• pigroman
• pikareskroman
• proletärroman
• relationsroman
• romansvit
• rövarroman
• samtidsroman
• skräckroman
• skräproman
• skälmroman
• släktroman
• spionroman
• spänningsroman
• succéroman
• tegelstensroman
• tendensroman
• underhållningsroman
• ungdomsroman
• utvecklingsroman
• äventyrsroman

 

See also

• kortroman (“novella, short novel”)
• novell (“short story”)
• romans
• romantik
• romantisk

References

• roman in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• roman in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• roman in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish رومان, from French roman.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾomɑn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

roman (definite accusative romanı, plural romanlar)

1. A novel (work of fiction).

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	roman
Definite accusative	romanı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	roman	romanlar
Definite accusative	romanı	romanları
Dative	romana	romanlara
Locative	romanda	romanlarda
Ablative	romandan	romanlardan
Genitive	romanın	romanların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular romanım romanlarım 2nd singular romanın romanların 3rd singular romanı romanları 1st plural romanımız romanlarımız 2nd plural romanınız romanlarınız 3rd plural romanları romanları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular romanımı romanlarımı 2nd singular romanını romanlarını 3rd singular romanını romanlarını 1st plural romanımızı romanlarımızı 2nd plural romanınızı romanlarınızı 3rd plural romanlarını romanlarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular romanıma romanlarıma 2nd singular romanına romanlarına 3rd singular romanına romanlarına 1st plural romanımıza romanlarımıza 2nd plural romanınıza romanlarınıza 3rd plural romanlarına romanlarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular romanımda romanlarımda 2nd singular romanında romanlarında 3rd singular romanında romanlarında 1st plural romanımızda romanlarımızda 2nd plural romanınızda romanlarınızda 3rd plural romanlarında romanlarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular romanımdan romanlarımdan 2nd singular romanından romanlarından 3rd singular romanından romanlarından 1st plural romanımızdan romanlarımızdan 2nd plural romanınızdan romanlarınızdan 3rd plural romanlarından romanlarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular romanımın romanlarımın 2nd singular romanının romanlarının 3rd singular romanının romanlarının 1st plural romanımızın romanlarımızın 2nd plural romanınızın romanlarınızın 3rd plural romanlarının romanlarının
Predicative forms Singular Plural 1st singular romanım romanlarım 2nd singular romansın romanlarsın 3rd singular roman romandır romanlar romanlardır 1st plural romanız romanlarız 2nd plural romansınız romanlarsınız 3rd plural romanlar romanlardır

Derived terms

• çizgi roman