tuma

See also: Tuma, tüma, Tüma, and Tûma

Cebuano

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

Noun

tuma

1. body louse

Dongxiang

Etymology

From Turkic *turma (“radish”), from an Iranian language. Perhaps already borrowed into Proto-Mongolic as *turma.

Compare Mongolian тоором (toorom), Turkish turp (“radish”), Persian ترب (torob, “radish”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʰuˈmɑ/

Noun

tuma

1. carrot

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tuma, possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *tuŋa, although -ŋ- > -m- would be irregular. Cognates include Erzya тов (tov, “kernel”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtumɑ/, [ˈt̪umɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -umɑ
• Syllabification^(key): tu‧ma

Noun

tuma

1. (cytology) nucleus, cell nucleus (large organelle found in cells which contains genetic material)

Declension

Inflection of tuma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		tuma	tumat
genitive		tuman	tumien
partitive		tumaa	tumia
illative		tumaan	tumiin
		singular	plural
nominative		tuma	tumat
accusative	nom.	tuma	tumat
	gen.	tuman
genitive		tuman	tumien tumain rare
partitive		tumaa	tumia
inessive		tumassa	tumissa
elative		tumasta	tumista
illative		tumaan	tumiin
adessive		tumalla	tumilla
ablative		tumalta	tumilta
allative		tumalle	tumille
essive		tumana	tumina
translative		tumaksi	tumiksi
abessive		tumatta	tumitta
instructive		—	tumin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of tuma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tumani tumani accusative nom. tumani tumani gen. tumani genitive tumani tumieni tumaini rare partitive tumaani tumiani inessive tumassani tumissani elative tumastani tumistani illative tumaani tumiini adessive tumallani tumillani ablative tumaltani tumiltani allative tumalleni tumilleni essive tumanani tuminani translative tumakseni tumikseni abessive tumattani tumittani instructive — — comitative — tumineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tumasi tumasi accusative nom. tumasi tumasi gen. tumasi genitive tumasi tumiesi tumaisi rare partitive tumaasi tumiasi inessive tumassasi tumissasi elative tumastasi tumistasi illative tumaasi tumiisi adessive tumallasi tumillasi ablative tumaltasi tumiltasi allative tumallesi tumillesi essive tumanasi tuminasi translative tumaksesi tumiksesi abessive tumattasi tumittasi instructive — — comitative — tuminesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tumamme tumamme accusative nom. tumamme tumamme gen. tumamme genitive tumamme tumiemme tumaimme rare partitive tumaamme tumiamme inessive tumassamme tumissamme elative tumastamme tumistamme illative tumaamme tumiimme adessive tumallamme tumillamme ablative tumaltamme tumiltamme allative tumallemme tumillemme essive tumanamme tuminamme translative tumaksemme tumiksemme abessive tumattamme tumittamme instructive — — comitative — tuminemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tumanne tumanne accusative nom. tumanne tumanne gen. tumanne genitive tumanne tumienne tumainne rare partitive tumaanne tumianne inessive tumassanne tumissanne elative tumastanne tumistanne illative tumaanne tumiinne adessive tumallanne tumillanne ablative tumaltanne tumiltanne allative tumallenne tumillenne essive tumananne tuminanne translative tumaksenne tumiksenne abessive tumattanne tumittanne instructive — — comitative — tuminenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative tumansa tumansa accusative nom. tumansa tumansa gen. tumansa genitive tumansa tumiensa tumainsa rare partitive tumaansa tumiaan tumiansa inessive tumassaan tumassansa tumissaan tumissansa elative tumastaan tumastansa tumistaan tumistansa illative tumaansa tumiinsa adessive tumallaan tumallansa tumillaan tumillansa ablative tumaltaan tumaltansa tumiltaan tumiltansa allative tumalleen tumallensa tumilleen tumillensa essive tumanaan tumanansa tuminaan tuminansa translative tumakseen tumaksensa tumikseen tumiksensa abessive tumattaan tumattansa tumittaan tumittansa instructive — — comitative — tumineen tuminensa

Derived terms

• aitotumainen
• esitumainen
• solutuma
• tumahappo
• tumahuokonen
• tumainen
• tumajyvänen
• tumakalvo
• tumake
• tumakelmu
• tumakotelo
• tumalima
• tumallinen
• tumanjakautuminen
• tumasukkula
• tumaton

 

Further reading

• “tuma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• matu, maut, muta

Fula

Adverb

tuma

1. when, at the time that

   Tuma o arti woo, mi yeetoto mo.

   When he is back, I will tell him

References

• Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

Higaonon

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

Noun

tuma

1. head louse

Javanese

Romanization

tuma

1. Romanization of ꦠꦸꦩ.

Kari'na

Etymology

Compare Wayana tuma, Akawaio tuma, Macushi tuma, Pemon tuma.

Pronunciation

• (Venezuela) IPA^(key): [tummwa]
• (Suriname) IPA^(key): [tuːma]

Noun

tuma (possessed tumary)

1. pot, cooking pot, kettle
2. food prepared in such a pot, pepperpot

References

• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[2], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 392
• Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) “tuma”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 471; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎^[3], Paris, 1956, page 461

Kituba

Verb

tuma

1. to order

Kongo

Verb

tuma (perfect tumini)

1. to order
2. to send

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /tu.mə/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /tu.ma/
• Rhymes: -umə, -mə

Noun

tuma (Jawi spelling توما, plural tuma-tuma, informal 1st possessive tumaku, 2nd possessive tumamu, 3rd possessive tumanya)

1. mite

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• bertuma [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Descendants

• Indonesian: tuma

Further reading

• “tuma” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Niuean

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *tuma (“louse”).

Noun

tuma

1. body louse, Pediculus humanus

   Hypernym: kutu

   Kua kai he tuma haana a tefutefu mata

   His eyebrow is infested with lice.

References

• “tuma” in Tohi Vagahau Niuē (Niuean Language Dictionary).

Old Javanese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

Noun

tuma

1. head louse

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦠꦸꦩ (tuma)

Rwanda-Rundi

Verb

-túma (infinitive gutúma, perfective -túmye)

1. to send

Sicilian

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from the same ancient root of tumeō (“I swell”), which could derive from *tum- (“to swell”) + *-eh₂ (“feminine ending”) (used for feminine result nouns from verbs). Compare Latin tumor, tumidus.

Semantically related to Italian toma, even though the suggested etymology from tomus does not fit the phonology of Sicilian. The other italic counterparts - Neapolitan tuma and Piedmontese tùma both meaning cheese - suggest that the italianized form expunged the local/regional tonic vowel to a more "refined" one, like the French tome.The italianization process in fact typically, at an onomastic level, shaped differently many Sicilian names (like Sicilian Carusu or Gulisanu).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtu.ma/ (Standard)
• Hyphenation: tù‧ma

Noun

tuma

1. A semi-hard Sicilian cheese
   1. (chiefly) a certain degree of maturing of Sicilian pecorino cheese
   2. (rare) a cheese

      Synonyms: furmaggiu, frumaju, tumazzu, primusali

Derived terms

• tumazzu

 

Descendants

• → Italian: tuma

See also

• cagghiu
• ricotta
• tummari
• tumuri
• tùmminu
• vùḍḍiri

 

Sidamo

Tuma.

Etymology

Original meaning garlic, compare Hadiyya tuma (“garlic”). Ultimately from Arabic ثوم (ṯūm, “garlic”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtuma/

Noun

tuma m (plural tumma f)

1. onion

References

• Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38

Swahili

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-tuma (infinitive kutuma)

1. to send

Conjugation

Conjugation of -tuma
Positive present -natuma Subjunctive -tume Negative -tumi Imperative singular tuma
Infinitives
Positive kutuma Negative kutotuma
Imperatives
Singular tuma Plural tumeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutuma Positive past positive subject concord + -lituma Negative past negative subject concord + -kutuma
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natuma) Singular Plural 1st person ninatuma/natuma tunatuma 2nd person unatuma mnatuma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatuma wanatuma other classes positive subject concord + -natuma
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tumi) Singular Plural 1st person situmi hatutumi 2nd person hutumi hamtumi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatumi hawatumi other classes negative subject concord + -tumi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatuma Negative future negative subject concord + -tatuma
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tume) Singular Plural 1st person nitume tutume 2nd person utume mtume 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atume watume other classes positive subject concord + -tume
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -situme Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetuma Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetuma Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalituma Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalituma
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atuma) Singular Plural 1st person natuma twatuma 2nd person watuma mwatuma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atuma watuma m-mi(III/IV) watuma yatuma ji-ma(V/VI) latuma yatuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatuma vyatuma n(IX/X) yatuma zatuma u(XI) watuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwatuma pa(XVI) patuma mu(XVIII) mwatuma
Perfect positive subject concord + -metuma "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatuma "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatuma "If/When" positive subject concord + -kituma "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotuma Consecutive katuma / positive subject concord + -katuma Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katume
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nituma -tutuma 2nd person -kutuma -watuma/-kutumeni/-watumeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtuma -watuma m-mi(III/IV) -utuma -ituma ji-ma(V/VI) -lituma -yatuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kituma -vituma n(IX/X) -ituma -zituma u(XI) -utuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kutuma pa(XVI) -patuma mu(XVIII) -mutuma Reflexive -jituma
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tuma- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -tumaye -tumao m-mi(III/IV) -tumao -tumayo ji-ma(V/VI) -tumalo -tumayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tumacho -tumavyo n(IX/X) -tumayo -tumazo u(XI) -tumao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -tumako pa(XVI) -tumapo mu(XVIII) -tumamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tuma) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yetuma -otuma m-mi(III/IV) -otuma -yotuma ji-ma(V/VI) -lotuma -yotuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotuma -vyotuma n(IX/X) -yotuma -zotuma u(XI) -otuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kotuma pa(XVI) -potuma mu(XVIII) -motuma
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -tumia (“use, employ”)
  • Passive: -tumwa
  • Stative: -tumika (“be used”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • mtume (“prophet”)

Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah, from Proto-Austronesian *CuməS. Compare Kavalan tumes, Cebuano tuma, Tetum katuma, tuma.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈtuma/ [ˈt̪uː.mɐ]
• Rhymes: -uma
• Syllabification: tu‧ma

Noun

tuma (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ)

1. tiny insect found on dirty clothes and fabrics (like a louse)
2. pubic louse

Anagrams

• muta, umat